A new statistical testing for random numbers and its application to some cryptographic problems

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.Ya. Ryabko ◽  
V.S. Stognienko ◽  
Yu.I. Shokin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Random Numbers

scholarly journals NONCORRALATED DATA ORDERED SAMPLES AS A SINGLE-ELEMENT MULTICHANNEL CONVERTER

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
R.O. Mazmanian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Data Converter ◽  
Random Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Probability Density Function Pdf ◽  
Statistical Criteria

The sufficient closeness of the medians of the ordered samples of random data to the normal distribution is used in computer systems for control, monitoring and diagnosing electric power equipment. However, it remains what other probability density function (pdf) of elements (sample statistics) have such similarities. This paper presents various methods for statistical testing hypotheses for pdf-converter channels as statistics of given sizes odd numbered and ordered samples of bounded and uniformly distributed random numbers. The use of various different criteria and the results of estimates studied under the same conditions showed a sufficient conformity of the results of tests for three statistical criteria. It made possible to draw a reasonable conclusion about the preferable use of the adapted chi-square test for assessing the congruence of analytical pdf channels of the converter with normal distribution. We also suggested using the "statistical closeness window" to define those channels of the converter that do not significantly differ from the normal distribution. In addition, we presented an empirical formula determining the dependence of the size of the window of the statistical closeness window on the sample size. The results of the research are summarized in a statistical model of a multichannel uncorrelated data converter. References 27, figures 7.

scholarly journals Advanced Statistical Testing of Quantum Random Number Generators

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Martínez ◽  
Aldo Solis ◽  
Rafael Díaz Hernández Rojas ◽  
Alfred U'Ren ◽  
Jorge Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Methods ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Random Number Generators ◽  
Random Sequences ◽  
Natural Laws

Pseudo-random number generators are widely used in many branches of science, mainly in applications related to Monte Carlo methods, although they are deterministic in design and, therefore, unsuitable for tackling fundamental problems in security and cryptography. The natural laws of the microscopic realm provide a fairly simple method to generate non-deterministic sequences of random numbers, based on measurements of quantum states. In practice, however, the experimental devices on which quantum random number generators are based are often unable to pass some tests of randomness. In this review, we briefly discuss two such tests, point out the challenges that we have encountered in experimental implementations and finally present a fairly simple method that successfully generates non-deterministic maximally random sequences.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Monitoring of Free Running Oscillators Serving as Source of Randomness

2018 ◽  
pp. 214-242
Author(s):  
Elie Noumon Allini ◽  
Maciej Skórski ◽  
Oto Petura ◽  
Florent Bernard ◽  
Marek Laban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flicker Noise ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Allan Variance ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Clock Signal ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Randomness Extraction ◽  
Evaluation And Monitoring ◽  
Almost All

In this paper, we evaluate clock signals generated in ring oscillators and self-timed rings and the way their jitter can be transformed into random numbers. We show that counting the periods of the jittery clock signal produces random numbers of significantly better quality than the methods in which the jittery signal is simply sampled (the case in almost all current methods). Moreover, we use the counter values to characterize and continuously monitor the source of randomness. However, instead of using the widely used statistical variance, we propose to use Allan variance to do so. There are two main advantages: Allan variance is insensitive to low frequency noises such as flicker noise that are known to be autocorrelated and significantly less circuitry is required for its computation than that used to compute commonly used variance. We also show that it is essential to use a differential principle of randomness extraction from the jitter based on the use of two identical oscillators to avoid autocorrelations originating from external and internal global jitter sources and that this fact is valid for both kinds of rings. Last but not least, we propose a method of statistical testing based on high order Markov model to show the reduced dependencies when the proposed randomness extraction is applied.

On Statistical Testing of Random Numbers Generators

2006 ◽  
pp. 271-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. El Haje ◽  
Y. Golubev ◽  
P. -Y. Liardet ◽  
Y. Teglia
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Random Numbers

scholarly journals MODELS OF RANDOM SYSTEMS WITH CONTROLLED SYMMETRY IN STREAM ENCRYPTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (11) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Денис Бутусов ◽  
Sergey Butusov ◽  
Александра Тутуева ◽  
Aleksandra Tutueva ◽  
Артур Каримов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Random Systems ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Linear Feedback ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Small Length ◽  
Random System ◽  
Symmetry Factor ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Information Safety

Information safety plays an important role in modern technologies. A stream encryption is one of the common means for information safety support. The sequences with pseudo-random characteristics are often required in the algorithms of stream enciphering. Random systems are recently used as a source of pseudo-random numbers with desired statistical properties. A small length of a sequence period is one of the known problems of the generators of pseudo-random numbers based on chaos realized with a small length of a digit grid. The disturbance of a path or a parameter of random system nonlinearity is one of possible solutions of a short period problem. In this paper there is considered a new approach to the increase of a period length through the change of a symmetry factor in the random model of a memristive circuit. The approach offered is based on switching two values of the symmetry factor in accordance with the output of a shear register with the linear feedback. To confirm the effectiveness of the disturbance circuit described the lengths of a period for the disturbed and original model of the memristive system are estimated. The properties of the output sequences caused by a generator on the basis of the model with controlled symmetry are confirmed by the results of the correlation analysis and NIST statistical testing. The results obtained can be used in cryptographic applications and also at the designing of safe communication systems.

Hubungan Religiusitas dengan Citra Tubuh pada Wanita Dewasa Awal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Dessy Sumanty ◽  
Deden Sudirman ◽  
Diah Puspasari
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Calculation Result ◽  
The Body ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Correlational Research

This research attempts to relate the body image phenomenon with the level of subject religiosity. This research used correlational research design that was involving 332 respondents. The statistical testing which is used to test the hypothesis Rank Spearman. The calculation result with the significance level of trust 95% (a = 0.05) show that the correlation coefficient is 0.083 and p-value is 0.129. It means that Ho is accepted and H1 is rejected. It can be concluded that there is no relationship between religiosity with body image.

Generation of Random Numbers by Means of Optical Manipulator

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Rostislav M. Mikhersky ◽  
Oleg I. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Random Numbers

A Review on Machine-Learning Based Code Smell Detection Techniquesin Object-Oriented Software System(s)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Sushma Jain ◽  
Shivani Goel ◽  
Gaurav Dhiman
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Code Smells ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Code Smell

Context: Code smells are symptoms, that something may be wrong in software systems that can cause complications in maintaining software quality. In literature, there exists many code smells and their identification is far from trivial. Thus, several techniques have also been proposed to automate code smell detection in order to improve software quality. Objective: This paper presents an up-to-date review of simple and hybrid machine learning based code smell detection techniques and tools. Methods: We collected all the relevant research published in this field till 2020. We extracted the data from those articles and classified them into two major categories. In addition, we compared the selected studies based on several aspects like, code smells, machine learning techniques, datasets, programming languages used by datasets, dataset size, evaluation approach, and statistical testing. Results: Majority of empirical studies have proposed machine- learning based code smell detection tools. Support vector machine and decision tree algorithms are frequently used by the researchers. Along with this, a major proportion of research is conducted on Open Source Softwares (OSS) such as, Xerces, Gantt Project and ArgoUml. Furthermore, researchers paid more attention towards Feature Envy and Long Method code smells. Conclusion: We identified several areas of open research like, need of code smell detection techniques using hybrid approaches, need of validation employing industrial datasets, etc.

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