The public transport control system

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Grinchenko ◽  
Alexey Gromov ◽  
Valentina Potapova ◽  
Andrey Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Control

scholarly journals Comparative TCO Analysis of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses for Public Transport System in Small to Midsize Cities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4384
Author(s):  
Hanhee Kim ◽  
Niklas Hartmann ◽  
Maxime Zeller ◽  
Renato Luise ◽  
Tamer Soylu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Bus Body

This paper shows the results of an in-depth techno-economic analysis of the public transport sector in a small to midsize city and its surrounding area. Public battery-electric and hydrogen fuel cell buses are comparatively evaluated by means of a total cost of ownership (TCO) model building on historical data and a projection of market prices. Additionally, a structural analysis of the public transport system of a specific city is performed, assessing best fitting bus lines for the use of electric or hydrogen busses, which is supported by a brief acceptance evaluation of the local citizens. The TCO results for electric buses show a strong cost decrease until the year 2030, reaching 23.5% lower TCOs compared to the conventional diesel bus. The optimal electric bus charging system will be the opportunity (pantograph) charging infrastructure. However, the opportunity charging method is applicable under the assumption that several buses share the same station and there is a “hotspot” where as many as possible bus lines converge. In the case of electric buses for the year 2020, the parameter which influenced the most on the TCO was the battery cost, opposite to the year 2030 in where the bus body cost and fuel cost parameters are the ones that dominate the TCO, due to the learning rate of the batteries. For H2 buses, finding a hotspot is not crucial because they have a similar range to the diesel ones as well as a similar refueling time. H2 buses until 2030 still have 15.4% higher TCO than the diesel bus system. Considering the benefits of a hypothetical scaling-up effect of hydrogen infrastructures in the region, the hydrogen cost could drop to 5 €/kg. In this case, the overall TCO of the hydrogen solution would drop to a slightly lower TCO than the diesel solution in 2030. Therefore, hydrogen buses can be competitive in small to midsize cities, even with limited routes. For hydrogen buses, the bus body and fuel cost make up a large part of the TCO. Reducing the fuel cost will be an important aspect to reduce the total TCO of the hydrogen bus.

scholarly journals Exploring the Traveler’s Intentions to Use Public Transport during the COVID-19 Pandemic While Complying with Precautionary Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3630
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdullah ◽  
Nazam Ali ◽  
Charitha Dias ◽  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf Javid
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Safety Guidelines

Public transport use has drastically declined during the COVID-19 pandemic because the virus spreads through close contact with infected people and contaminated surfaces, especially in closed-environments. Evidence suggests that following the necessary safety guidelines can limit the spread of the virus, however, non-compliance to precautionary measures has been reported widely. Ignoring the precautionary measures may lead to quick transmission of the virus since public transport vehicles generally resemble closed-environments. This study explores people’s intentions to use public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic while adhering to precautionary measures. For this purpose, a total of 1516 useable responses were collected through a questionnaire survey conducted in Lahore, Pakistan. Regression models were developed to model the intentions to use public transport during the pandemic, to adhere to the precautionary measures while using public transport during the pandemic, and to use public transport while suffering from COVID-19 disease. The results of this study will help in understanding the intentions of the public transport users during the COVID-19 pandemic. It will also provide insights for policymakers and public transport operators about further necessary actions to promote safe public transport use during the current and any possible future pandemics. As public transport use declined during the pandemic, policy implications for alternative mobility options such as demand-responsive-transport (DRT) are also presented. Considering the study results, a policy interventions framework is proposed to promote the safe use of various public transport modes, particularly in developing regions.

Multi-occupation segregation through London's tube network

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110271
Author(s):  
Yao Shen ◽  
Yiyi Xu ◽  
Zhuoya Huang
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Segregation Index ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Transfer Stations

As an extension of public space, the public transport system in modern society is an arena for cross-group interactions. Uncovering social segregation in public transport space is an essential step in shaping a socially sustainable transport system. Based on 2011 origin–destination flow data for London, we simulate the working flows between each pair of connected tube stations for every occupation with minimised transfer times and travelling hours and calculate the multi-occupation segregation index for all tube stations and segments. This segregation index captures the density and diversity aspects of the working population. The results demonstrate that segregation levels vary significantly across stations, lines, and segments. Transfer stations and tube segments in the city centre do not necessarily have lower levels of segregation. Those stations or segments close to a terminus can also be socially inclusive, e.g., Heathrow. Victoria is the line with the lowest levels of segregation, and Green Park is the most socially inclusive station during commuting peaks. The proposed mapping approach demonstrates the spatial complexity in the social performance of the public transport system and provides a tool for implementing relevant policy with improved precision.

Design and Experimental Implementation of Longitudinal Control for a Platoon of Automated Vehicles

1998 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rajamani ◽  
S. B. Choi ◽  
B. K. Law ◽  
J. K. Hedrick ◽  
R. Prohaska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Torque Converter ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Longitudinal Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Automated Highways ◽  
Experimental Implementation ◽  
Special Challenge ◽  
Upper Level

This paper presents the design and experimental implementation of a longitudinal control system for the operation of automated vehicles in platoons. The control system on each vehicle is designed to have a hierarchical structure and consists of an upper level controller and a lower level controller. The upper controller determines the desired acceleration for each vehicle in the platoon so as to maintain safe string-stable operation even at very small intervehicle spacing. The lower controller utilizes vehicle-specific parameters and determines the throttle and/or brake commands required to track the desired acceleration. A special challenge handled in the design of the lower level controller is low-speed operation that involves gear changes and torque converter dynamics. The paper also presents the design of longitudinal intra-platoon maneuvers that are required in order to allow any car in the platoon to make an exit. The paper presents extensive experimental results from the public NAHSC demonstration of automated highways conducted in August 1997 at San Diego, California. The demonstration included an eight-car platoon operating continuously over several weeks with passenger rides given to over a thousand visitors. The maneuvers demonstrated included starting the automated vehicles from complete rest, accelerating to cruising speed, allowing any vehicle to exit from the platoon, allowing new vehicles to join the platoon and bringing the platoon to a complete stop at the end of the highway. [S0022-0434(00)01903-1]

scholarly journals A Novel Model for Determining Public Service Compensation in Integrated Public Transport Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordan Stojić ◽  
Dušan Mladenović ◽  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Slavko Vesković
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Optimal Approach ◽  
Novel Model

In free market conditions, if public passenger transport services are commercially unprofitable, there will be no interest for transport companies to perform them. However, directly because of the citizens’ interests, on the one hand, and indirectly because of the economy, passenger public transport services have become of a general public interest. The authorities must prepare appropriate legal fair market conditions, based on which public transport will be subsidized and conducted. In order to achieve that, for the mutual benefit of the public, users and transport companies, it is necessary that the right Public Service Obligation Model (PSO model or in some literature PCS—Public Service Compensation) be defined. Within this study, the optimal approach to assigning a PSC contract to transport companies for performing the PSO in integrated and regular public passenger transport systems is determined. A novel model, presented in this paper, can help national, regional and local authorities to choose and determine the way and level of PSCs for conducting the public transport of passengers and establishing a sustainable public passenger transport system.

scholarly journals Travel Pattern and Fear of Crime among Women Commuters

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Rohana Sham ◽  
Syed Hassan Khalifah Soltani ◽  
Mashita Sham ◽  
Suhana Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Travel Pattern ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
The Public ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
International Publishing

The design of the public transport as to meet working women’s travelling needs is still lacking in Malaysian urban scenarios. Having that in mind, the increasing crime rate among these vulnerable group in urban area had further increase their level of fear while commuting to work. This is especially true for many working women who have no choice but to travel using public transport to their work place on a routine basis. To further investigate the factors of women travel pattern that affect the fear level among these vulnerable group of commuters, time and age were considered in this study. Keywords: Travelling  pattern; Age of  travellers; Time of  travelling; Women Commuters;Fear of Crime eISSN 2514-7528 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

scholarly journals TRANSIÇÕES INSTITUCIONAIS NOS TRANSPORTES PÚBLICOS: A EXPERIÊNCIA BRITÂNICA DE DESREGULAMENTAÇÃO

TRANSPORTES ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Jose Guilherme de Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
British Government ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Direct Operation ◽  
The Common

<p>Na presente contribuição, analisa-se a experiência britânica de desregulamentação do transporte publico de passageiro. Inicialmente, retomam-se as discussões que colocaram em questão o padrão comum de envolvimento do Estado nesses serviços, que é de regulamentá-lo fortemente, subsidiá-lo e até de operá-lo. Descrevem-se as medidas colocadas em prática pelo governo britânico para reintroduzir a pura lógica de mercado no setor, assim como as justificativas por ele declaradas. Em seguida, são resumidas as avaliações por parte de diversas fontes, da dita experiência, sendo esse resumo sistematizado nos submodos transporte urbano, transporte rodoviário interurbano e transporte rural. Após esse relato, retoma-se o confronto de discussões, desta vez das realizadas depois da implantação do processo. Por fim, a luz dessas análises e a título de conclusão, algumas indagações sobre a estrutura econômica e institucional do setor de transporte publico são colocadas pelo autor.</p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p><p>In the present contribution, the British public passenger transport deregulation experience is analyzed. Initially, the discussions which put into question the common role of State with respect to these services (strong regulation, subsidies and even direct operation by government) are resumed. The measures taken by the British Government in order to reintroduce market orientation into the sector and also their justifications are then described. In a further section, the evaluations made by several studies on deregulation experience are systemized with respect to urban, intercity rural transport. After this description, the opinions and positions put after the ion of the deregulation experiation are resumed. Finally and conclusively, the author puts some questions on the economic and institutional structure of the public transport sector.</p>

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