Investigation of low noise, low cost readout electronics for high sensitivity PET systems based on Avalanche Photodiode arrays

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Habte ◽  
C.S. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Readout Electronics ◽  
Photodiode Arrays

scholarly journals Precession Azimuth Sensing with Low-Noise Molecular Electronics Angular Sensors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry L. Zaitsev ◽  
Vadim M. Agafonov ◽  
Egor V. Egorov ◽  
Alexander N. Antonov ◽  
Vladimir G. Krishtop
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Noise Performance ◽  
Rotating Platform ◽  
Vector Projection ◽  
Signal Processing Algorithms

This paper describes the use of MET-based low-noise angular motion sensors to precisely determine azimuth direction in a dynamic-scheme method of measuring the Earth’s rotational velocity vector. The scheme includes sensor installation on a rotating platform so that it could scan the space and seek for the position of the highest Earth’s rotation vector projection on its axis. This method is very efficient provided a low-noise sensor is used. A low-cost angular sensor based on MET (molecular electronic transduction) technology has been used. The sensors of this kind were originally developed for seismic activity monitoring and are well known for very good noise performance and high sensitivity. This approach, combined with the use of special signal processing algorithms, allowed reaching the accuracy of 0.2°, while the measurement time was less than 100 seconds.

Photodetection Technology Based on Laser Coding Emission

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 3745-3749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Guo ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
Xiang Jin Zhang ◽  
Xiao Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Weak Signal ◽  
Echo Signal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Theory And Experiment

For the extremely weak echo signal and the poor anti-interference ability of the long-distance laser fuze, the high signal noise ratio (SNR) receiving system based on laser coding mode was designed. In order to improve the weak signal receiving ability, the avalanche photodiode (APD) with high sensitivity, low noise and high gain was adopted. And the optimum multiplication factor of APD when the system obtains the highest SNR was analyzed and calculated. Then, the amplifying circuit optimum matching with APD and the decoding circuit were designed, and validated by the experiments. The theory and experiment results indicate that the design is efficiency and capable to the long distance laser fuze, the system can exactly decode the weak laser coding signals received and export the ignition signal.

scholarly journals CMOS Front-End of LNA for GPS and GSM wireless applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mahesh Mudavath ◽  
K. Hari Kishore
Keyword(s):  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Noise Figure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Noise Amplifier ◽  
Intercept Point

This paper describes a layout of a CMOS Low Noise Amplifier for reconfigurable packages which include GPS, GSM Wi-Fi applications. The improvement of a notably linear Radio front-stop, able to function with Galileo and GPS satellite signals suitable for coexisting in a mobile opposed environment for area based offerings, pleasing the fundamental necessities for a mass market product which includes low cost, low footprint, good accuracy, low strength intake and high sensitivity. primarily based on a wideband enter matching, the LNA stages cowl all band of hobby even as reaching a great change-off between excessive gain, low noise parent and coffee electricity intake. The complete simulation analysis of the circuit results in the frequency range of 1.4 GHz to 2 GHz. The noise figure is 1.8 dB at 1.4GHz and rises to 3.4 dB at 2 GHz. The input return and output return losses (S11, S22) of the LNA at a frequency range between 1.4 GHz and 2 GHz are S11= -12 dB, S22 =-44.73 dB at 1.77 GHz and S22 =-26.47 dB at 2 GHz. The overall gain of the LNA (S21) is 13 dB at 1.4025 GHz, 3rd order input intercept point (IIP3) = -3.16 dBm and -1dB compression point is -12.56 dBm. Input Impedance of 50Ω, 3dB Power Bandwidth of 450MHz, and Power Dissipation of 2.7mW at 1.2V power supply.

scholarly journals A Complete Two-Dimensional Avalanche Photodiode Based on MoTe2−WS2−MoTe2 Heterojunctions With Ultralow Dark Current

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tenghui Ouyang ◽  
Ximiao Wang ◽  
Shaojing Liu ◽  
Huanjun Chen ◽  
Shaozhi Deng
Keyword(s):  
Dark Current ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Avalanche Gain

Two-dimensional (2D)-material-based photodetectors have recently received great attention due to their potentials in developing ultrathin and highly compact devices. Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are widely used in a variety of fields such as optical communications and bioimaging due to their fast responses and high sensitivities. However, conventional APDs based on bulk materials are limited by their relatively high dark current. One solution to tackle this issue is by employing nanomaterials and nanostructures as the active layers for APDs. In this study, we proposed and fabricated an atomically-thick APD based on heterojunctions formed by 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). A typical device structure was formed by stacking a semiconducting monolayer WS2 onto two metallic few-layer MoTe2 flakes. Due to the Schottky barrier formed between the TMD layers and their atomic thicknesses, the dark current of the APD is greatly reduced down to 93 pA. In addition, the APD can operate through a broad spectral range from visible to near-infrared region, with a responsivity of 6.02 A/W, an external quantum efficiency of 1,406%, and an avalanche gain of 587. We believe that the 2D APD demonstrated here provides a feasible approach for developing all-2D optoelectronic devices with simultaneous high-sensitivity and low noise.

Research on Magnetoelectric Seismometer's Low Frequency Extension Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
Yun Tian Teng ◽  
Xing Xing Hu ◽  
Hong Ya Lu
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Inertial Mass ◽  
Negative Resistance ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Corner Frequency ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
High Frequency Response

Magnetoelectric seismometer has many outstanding features, such as low cost, small size, light weight, high sensitivity, low noise, good high frequency response, and reliable operation, simple set up, so these type of seismometer is widely used in several areas. However, because the structure of magnetoelectric seismometer (inertial mass and elastic support module), there has the material and mechanical structure limitation, so the inherent frequency is around between 5 to 30Hz, hard to be lower, hence, the low frequency characteristic is poor. To extend the seismometer's range of application, post compensation is needed. The researchers from both home and aboard proposed many different method to deal with the low frequency response of this seismometer, such as “inverse filter” method, “Lippmann” method, which uses negative resistance and feedback coil. These methods have got some results separately. In this paper, we will propose a low frequency integral method to extend the seismometer's frequency response. It is accomplished through balanced integration and high precision chips to suppress the circuit drifting and noise interference. The results from vibration table shows, after integration, the seismometer's low frequency corner frequency is extended from 2 Hz to under 0.1 Hz, the sensitivity is enhanced from 200V/m·s-1 to 400V/m·s-1.

Development of high-speed, low-noise NIR HgCdTe avalanche photodiode arrays for adaptive optics and interferometry

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Finger ◽  
Ian Baker ◽  
Reinhold Dorn ◽  
Siegfried Eschbaumer ◽  
Derek Ives ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Photodiode Arrays

Design of Low-Noise Receiving Amplifier Circuit for Laser Proximity Fuze

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 452-455
Author(s):  
Ya Yun Tan ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
Xiang Jing Zhang ◽  
Lin Gan
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Echo Signal ◽  
Detection Distance ◽  
Photoelectric Conversion ◽  
Noise Ratio

In order to improve the detection distance of laser proximity fuze without increasing laser power, the capability of laser fuze receiving weak laser echo signal must be improved. An avalanche photodiode (APD), which had the advantages of high sensitivity, low noise, with inner gain, was used as photodetector in laser fuze system to improve the capability of laser fuze detecting weak signal. The equivalent noise model of APD photoelectric conversion was analyzed, and the low-noise preamplifier and voltage amplification circuit matching the avalanche photodiode were designed. The noise ratio and frequency bandwidth of amplification circuit were analyzed and calculated, also the simulation and experimental verification were accomplished. The results showed that the circuit has wide bandwidth and high signal to noise ratio,which meets the requirements of subsequent processing circuitry of laser fuze.

Design of a MEMS Temperature Difference Suspended Structure Gas Flowmeter

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 1548-1552
Author(s):  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Guard Ring ◽  
Weak Signal ◽  
Mems Sensor ◽  
Offset Voltage ◽  
Suspended Structure

A micro flowmeter was designed based on MEMS sensor and weak signal acquisition technique. The MEMS sensor adopted VO2 thermal resistor suspended structure, which has good heat isolation performance and high sensitivity. The flow channel was made up of SU-8 gum, and this technology is simple and suitable for batch production because of low cost. The following weak signal acquisition module used super low bias current operational amplifier, aided with Guard ring protection, and 24 bit high resolution ADC to realize high resolution, low noise data acquisition through reasonable layout and ground design. The experiment shows that the entire flowmeter has favorable linearity and sensitivity in the velocity range from 0 to 30mL/min at a certain suitable offset voltage. So it can satisfy the applications in the fields such as biochemical detection, medicine and so on.

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