Versatile and low-cost sensor interface for IoT-ready odor monitoring in wastewater management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Depari ◽  
P. Bellagente ◽  
P. Ferrari ◽  
A. Flammini ◽  
M. Pasetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Sensor Interface ◽  
Odor Monitoring

scholarly journals Design and Performance Evaluation of a Low-Cost Autonomous Sensor Interface for a Smart IoT-Based Irrigation Monitoring and Control System

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abba ◽  
Namkusong ◽  
Lee ◽  
Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Sensor Interface ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
Autonomous Sensor ◽  
And Control

Irrigation systems are becoming increasingly important, owing to the increase in human population, global warming, and food demand. This study aims to design a low-cost autonomous sensor interface to automate the monitoring and control of irrigation systems in remote locations, and to optimize water use for irrigation farming. An internet of things-based irrigation monitoring and control system, employing sensors and actuators, is designed to facilitate the autonomous supply of adequate water from a reservoir to domestic crops in a smart irrigation systems. System development lifecycle and waterfall model design methodologies have been employed in the development paradigm. The Proteus 8.5 design suite, Arduino integrated design environment, and embedded C programming language are commonly used to develop and implement a real working prototype. A pumping mechanism has been used to supply the water required by the soil. The prototype provides power supply, sensing, monitoring and control, and internet connectivity capabilities. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate the flexibility and practical applicability of the proposed system, and are of paramount importance, not only to farmers, but also for the expansion of economic activity. Furthermore, this system reduces the high level of supervision required to supply irrigation water, enabling remote monitoring and control.

scholarly journals The sanitation and urban agriculture nexus: urine collection and application as fertilizer in São Paulo, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana C. Chrispim ◽  
William A. Tarpeh ◽  
Delhi T. P. Salinas ◽  
Marcelo A. Nolasco
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
The Impact

Separately collected urine is an attractive potential fertilizer because of its high nutrient content, low cost, and inherent linkage of urban wastewater management and peri-urban agriculture. Urine from waterless urinals was applied to corn and lettuce plants to examine the impact of urine application rates and frequency on plant growth and soil parameters. In both corn and lettuce experiments, urine application significantly (p < 0.05) increased growth and leaf production relative to control plants. More frequent applications led to lower soil cation exchange capacities for corn and higher soil nitrogen content for both crops. Based on preliminary implementation calculations, waterless urinals at the University of São Paulo (USP), School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities campus could lead to over 1,500 m3 of water saved and 360 m3 of urine produced on an annual basis. These experiments and modeling results are discussed in the context of scaling up urban urine collection, transport, and fertilization in São Paulo, Brazil.

Wastewater collection and treatment technologies for semi-urban areas of India: a case study

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sundaravadivel ◽  
S. Vigneswaran
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Wastewater Collection

Sanitation and wastewater management problems in small and medium towns in India (referred to as “semi-urban areas” - SUAs) are distinctly different from those of large cities or rural villages. There is an apparent lack of choices of appropriate sanitation options for these semi-urban areas, leading them to adopt on-site sanitation technologies. A field study of four such small towns in India was conducted to evaluate the suitability of available low-cost wastewater collection and treatment technologies, in light of their current practice. Based on the field study, this paper suggests a system comprising “combined surface sewers” and “reed-bed channel” for collection and treatment of wastewater for semi-urban areas, that can utilize all the existing infrastructure to effect better sanitation at lower costs. The suggested system involves converting the existing open wastewater collection drains on the road sides, as “decentralized” networks of covered drains with simple structural modifications to collect both wastewater and stormwater; and, converting the large open drains on the outskirts of SUAs that carry wastewater to agricultural fields, as gravel media filled beds planted with local reeds. Cost estimates for the towns studied indicate this system to be over 70% cheaper compared to conventional collection and treatment systems.

New paradigms in urban water management for conservation and sustainability

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea G. Capodaglio ◽  
Paolo Ghilardi ◽  
Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Volumes

In order to achieve a sustainable degree of water resources usage, new paradigms in urbanized basins planning must be adopted. Worldwide urbanized areas total population has overcome in 2010, its rural counterpart. While urbanization can be a powerful driver of sustainable development, as the higher population density enables governments to more easily deliver essential infrastructure and services in urban areas at relatively low cost per capita, these benefits do not materialize automatically and inevitably. Water bodies are usually severely hit and impaired by poorly planned urbanization. Old water resources planning paradigms must be abandoned and new ones, which include the connection of ‘green cities’ and their infrastructure with new modes of drainage and landscape planning and improved consideration of receiving waters, ought to be adopted. These must not only be environmentally and ecologically sound, but also functionally and aesthetically attractive to the public. New eco-cities shall no longer rely on excessive water volumes withdrawn from often distant surface and groundwater sources, with a once-only use of the resource, and large water losses due to leaks and evapotranspiration. Long-distance transfer of wastewater and high energy usage and emissions for its treatment should be avoided by distributed and decentralized integrated water/wastewater management. Effluent-domination shall no longer be a characteristic of urbanized river basins. The paper examines some of the paradigms that have been proposed for improving integrated water resources management in urban basins and illustrates some recent examples whether already implemented or still at the proposal stage.

Why DEWATS is Still not Popular in Vietnam?

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet-Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Limited Participation ◽  
Management Concept ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Local Levels

While large centralized sanitation projects are not affordable for most cases in urban and rural areas, the only way to increase sanitation coverage, especially for the poor, is to implement low-cost alternatives with decentralized sanitation management schemes where local community, administrative authorities and private sectors are involved in the decision making as well as in the exploitation process. Despite of that, there are some reasons discussed why decentralized wastewater management concept and its application is still not widely disseminated throughout Vietnam. Among institutional and managerial aspects there are weaknesses of environmental pollution control capacity at different, especially local levels, limitations of existing Vietnamese environmental standard system, and lacking of incentive measures to encourage consultants to go for the decentralized wastewater concept, as well as to force polluters to improve their situation. In term of finance, discussed pints are low wastewater fee, and limited participation of private sector in the business. In technical aspects, there are limited information of appropriate and proven technical options for different contexts, lessons on their performance and system setting up. Besides, difficulties in the household connection and in collection network are among factors. The paper also provides some examples of decentralized alternatives implemented in different sanitation projects at different scales in Vietnam.

A Low-Cost Low-Power Capacitive Humidity Sensor in CMOS Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 1842-1846
Author(s):  
Fang Ming Deng ◽  
Yi Gang He
Keyword(s):  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Digital Conversion ◽  
Sensor Interface ◽  
Delta Sigma ◽  
Capacitive Humidity Sensor

This paper presents a capacitive humidity sensor in CMOS technology. The humidity sensor element is implemented in standard CMOS technology without any further post-processing, which results in low fabrication cost. The sensor interface is based on a delta-sigma converter and can be easily reconfigured to compensate for process variation of the sensing element. The proposed humidity sensor is fabricated in 0.16μm standard CMOS process and the chip occupies 0.25mm2. The measurement result shows that this humidity sensor acquires a resolution of 0.1%RH in the range of 20%RH to 90%RH. The interface achieves a 12.5-bits capacitance-to-digital conversion and consumes only 9.6μW power at 1.2V supply voltage.

Wastewater management in Zimbabwe in the context of sustainability

Water Policy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Nhapi ◽  
Huub J. Gijzen
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Satisfactory Solution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Made In

Conventional sanitation approaches are rather inappropriate and expensive ways of providing a satisfactory solution to increasing wastewater problems in developing countries. This paper looks at the financial and environmental implications of the sanitation approaches adopted in Zimbabwe, and from the weaknesses identified, suggests a paradigm shift in which wastewater treatment is geared towards resource recovery and reuse. It was observed that unsustainable methods continue to be used because of deficient institutional arrangements and irrational technology choices made in the past. Natural treatment methods were recommended because they are low cost, easy to operate and maintain, and allow for the re-use of effluent. To achieve this requires a responsive institutional and funding mechanism backed by realistic legislation.

Domestic wastewater treatment through constructed wetland in India

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Juwarkar ◽  
B. Oke ◽  
A. Juwarkar ◽  
S. M. Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
The Mean

The paper highlights the use of constructed wetlands for the removal of BOD, nitrogen, phosphorus and pathogens from primary treated wastewater. The constructed wetland consists of emergent macrophytesTypha latifolia and Phragmites carca grown in cement pipes having 0.1256 m2 area and 0.8 meter deep filled with 30% soil and 70% sand. The hydraulic loadings were maintained at the rate of 5 cm per day. The BOD removal in wetlands was observed to be 78-91%. The nitrogen content reduced from 30.8 mgl−1 to 9.5 mgl−1 whereas phosphate in treated wetland effluent was 9.6 mgl−1 as against the mean inflow total phosphate content of 14.9 mgl−1. The country’s first constructed wetland, of 90m × 30m size, was installed at Sainik School, Bhubaneshwar in the State of Orissa. Two types of macrophytes, viz. Typha latifolia and Phragmites carca, were planted. At present 180-200 m3 wastewater is being treated through wetland. BOD and nitrogen removal were 67-90% and 58-63% respectively. The constructed wetland treatment was found to be efficient in removal of BOD and N, and economically viable. The system, being easy to operate and low cost, can provide an economical viable solution for wastewater management.

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