Data Communication Interfaces in Smart Grid Real-time Simulations: Challenges and Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Sheikholeslami ◽  
Zuyi Li
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Real Time Simulations

scholarly journals Exploring the Privacy Issues of Smart-Grid Infrastructure – A Network Security Perspective

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-169
Keyword(s):  
Network Security ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Grid Infrastructure ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Networks

The proposed smart grid infrastructure aims to make use of the existing public networks such as internet for data communication between consumer premises to the public power utility network. The smart-grid adopts smart-meters which basically collect vast amount of data to provide a holistic view of the connected load behavior and preferences pattern related to power and water consumption. The smart-grids provide benefits to the utilities and consumers alike. For utilities the benefits are real time data collection, ease of power management, and reduced personnel requirement. The benefits for the users on the other hand include availability of real time usage data, providing information on ways to minimize power consumption, monetary savings and so on. Since, the smart-grid uses existing public networks the utilities do not have the burden of installing any new infrastructure (except for installing the smart-meters), thus an added advantage. But, the downside of using the public network is susceptibility to a variety of network attacks, if not guarded well against. This paper talks about the various network security vulnerabilities that exist and the measures to patch the same before employing in the smart grid networks.

Real-time research lab in the Sundom smart grid pilot

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Monot ◽  
M. Wahler ◽  
J. Valtari ◽  
M. Rita-Kasari ◽  
J. Nikko
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time

scholarly journals Power-Based Non-Intrusive Condition Monitoring for Terminal Device in Smart Grid

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoming Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Ji ◽  
Yanjie Li ◽  
Wenyuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Dsp Processors

As a critical component in the smart grid, the Distribution Terminal Unit (DTU) dynamically adjusts the running status of the entire smart grid based on the collected electrical parameters to ensure the safe and stable operation of the smart grid. However, as a real-time embedded device, DTU has not only resource constraints but also specific requirements on real-time performance, thus, the traditional anomaly detection method cannot be deployed. To detect the tamper of the program running on DTU, we proposed a power-based non-intrusive condition monitoring method that collects and analyzes the power consumption of DTU using power sensors and machine learning (ML) techniques, the feasibility of this approach is that the power consumption is closely related to the executing code in CPUs, that is when the execution code is tampered with, the power consumption changes accordingly. To validate this idea, we set up a testbed based on DTU and simulated four types of imperceptible attacks that change the code running in ARM and DSP processors, respectively. We generate representative features and select lightweight ML algorithms to detect these attacks. We finally implemented the detection system on the windows and ubuntu platform and validated its effectiveness. The results show that the detection accuracy is up to 99.98% in a non-intrusive and lightweight way.

scholarly journals ATCO radar training assessment and flight efficiency: the correlation between trainees’ scores and fuel consumption in real-time simulations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
T. Rogošić ◽  
B. Juričić ◽  
F. Aybek Çetek ◽  
Z. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Air Traffic Controller ◽  
Training Assessment ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Assessment Standards ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Real Time Simulations

ABSTRACT Air traffic controller training is highly regulated but lacks prescribed common assessment criteria and methods to evaluate trainees at the level of basic training and consideration of how trainees in fluence flight efficiency. We investigated whether there is a correlation between two parameters, viz. the trainees’ assessment score and fuel consumption, obtained and calculated after real-time human-in-the-loop radar simulations within the ATCOSIMA project. Although basic training assessment standards emphasise safety indicators, it was expected that trainees with higher assessment scores would achieve better flight efficiency, i.e. less fuel consumption. However, the results showed that trainees’ assessment scores and fuel consumption did not correlate in the expected way, leading to several conclusions.

scholarly journals Evaluating Latency in Multiprocessing Embedded Systems for the Smart Grid

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3322
Author(s):  
Sara Alonso ◽  
Jesús Lázaro ◽  
Jaime Jiménez ◽  
Unai Bidarte ◽  
Leire Muguira
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Processing System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Programmable Logic ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Timing Constraint ◽  
Time Part

Smart grid endpoints need to use two environments within a processing system (PS), one with a Linux-type operating system (OS) using the Arm Cortex-A53 cores for management tasks, and the other with a standalone execution or a real-time OS using the Arm Cortex-R5 cores. The Xen hypervisor and the OpenAMP framework allow this, but they may introduce a delay in the system, and some messages in the smart grid need a latency lower than 3 ms. In this paper, the Linux thread latencies are characterized by the Cyclictest tool. It is shown that when Xen hypervisor is used, this scenario is not suitable for the smart grid as it does not meet the 3 ms timing constraint. Then, standalone execution as the real-time part is evaluated, measuring the delay to handle an interrupt created in programmable logic (PL). The standalone application was run in A53 and R5 cores, with Xen hypervisor and OpenAMP framework. These scenarios all met the 3 ms constraint. The main contribution of the present work is the detailed characterization of each real-time execution, in order to facilitate selecting the most suitable one for each application.

scholarly journals System Level Simulation of Microgrid Power Electronic Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Michal Frivaldsky ◽  
Jan Morgos ◽  
Michal Prazenica ◽  
Kristian Takacs
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
System Level ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
System Level Simulation ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we describe a procedure for designing an accurate simulation model using a price-wised linear approach referred to as the power semiconductor converters of a DC microgrid concept. Initially, the selection of topologies of individual power stage blocs are identified. Due to the requirements for verifying the accuracy of the simulation model, physical samples of power converters are realized with a power ratio of 1:10. The focus was on optimization of operational parameters such as real-time behavior (variable waveforms within a time domain), efficiency, and the voltage/current ripples. The approach was compared to real-time operation and efficiency performance was evaluated showing the accuracy and suitability of the presented approach. The results show the potential for developing complex smart grid simulation models, with a high level of accuracy, and thus the possibility to investigate various operational scenarios and the impact of power converter characteristics on the performance of a smart gird. Two possible operational scenarios of the proposed smart grid concept are evaluated and demonstrate that an accurate hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system can be designed.

scholarly journals A Survey on Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures in the Communications of the Smart Grid

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1881
Author(s):  
Jesús Lázaro ◽  
Armando Astarloa ◽  
Mikel Rodríguez ◽  
Unai Bidarte ◽  
Jaime Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Best Effort ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Informational Technology ◽  
Iec 62351 ◽  
Time Critical

Since the 1990s, the digitalization process has transformed the communication infrastructure within the electrical grid: proprietary infrastructures and protocols have been replaced by the IEC 61850 approach, which realizes interoperability among vendors. Furthermore, the latest networking solutions merge operational technologies (OTs) and informational technology (IT) traffics in the same media, such as time-sensitive networking (TSN)—standard, interoperable, deterministic, and Ethernet-based. It merges OT and IT worlds by defining three basic traffic types: scheduled, best-effort, and reserved traffic. However, TSN demands security against potential new cyberattacks, primarily, to protect real-time critical messages. Consequently, security in the smart grid has turned into a hot topic under regulation, standardization, and business. This survey collects vulnerabilities of the communication in the smart grid and reveals security mechanisms introduced by international electrotechnical commission (IEC) 62351-6 and how to apply them to time-sensitive networking.

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