Associations between parameters of ultrasound transmission and structural parameters of cortical bone

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Barkmann ◽  
C.-C. Gluer
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Structural Parameters

scholarly journals Mid-Thigh Cortical Bone Structural Parameters, Muscle Mass and Strength, and Association with Lower Limb Fractures in Older Men and Women (AGES-Reykjavik Study)

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fjola Johannesdottir ◽  
Thor Aspelund ◽  
Kristin Siggeirsdottir ◽  
Brynjolfur Y. Jonsson ◽  
Brynjolfur Mogensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lower Limb Fractures ◽  
Limb Fractures ◽  
Older Men And Women

The Orientation Distribution of Apatite Crystals Accounts for Variability in the Elastic Anisotropy of Human Cortical Bone Tissue

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Deuerling ◽  
Ryan K. Roeder
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Elastic Anisotropy ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Micromechanical Model ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
Tissue Porosity

Elastic constants for cortical bone tissue have been correlated with the apparent tissue density, mineral density, and tissue porosity [1–4], but the little data that exists has indicated a weak or no relationship between these structural parameters and the elastic anisotropy [4,5]. A micromechanical model accounting for seven structural parameters across multiple length scales identified the bone mineral orientation distribution to be the most significant structural parameter governing the elastic anisotropy of cortical bone [6].

Deterioration of Cortical Bone Microarchitecture: Critical Component of Renal Osteodystrophy Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish K. Sharma ◽  
Nigel D. Toussaint ◽  
Rosemary Masterson ◽  
Stephen G. Holt ◽  
Chamith S. Rajapakse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Renal Osteodystrophy ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Bone Biopsies

Background: Cortical bone is a significant determinant of bone strength and its deterioration contributes to bone fragility. Thin cortices and increased cortical porosity have been noted in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the “Turnover Mineralization Volume” classification of renal osteodystrophy does not emphasize cortical bone as a key parameter. We aimed to assess trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture by histomorphometry and micro-CT in patients with CKD G5 and 5D (dialysis). Methods: Transiliac bone biopsies were performed in 14 patients undergoing kidney transplantation (n = 12) and parathyroidectomy (n = 2). Structural parameters were analysed by histomorphometry and micro-CT including trabecular bone volume, thickness (TbTh), number (TbN) and separation and cortical thickness (CtTh) and porosity (CtPo). Indices of bone remodelling and mineralisation were obtained and relationships to bone biomarkers examined. Associations were determined by Spearman’s or Pearson’s rank correlation coefficients. Results: By micro-CT, trabecular parameters were within normal ranges in most patients, but all patients showed very low CtTh (127 ± 44 µm) and high CtPo (60.3 ± 22.5%). CtPo was inversely related to TbN (r = –0.56; p = 0.03) by micro-CT and to TbTh (r = –0.60; p = 0.024) by histomorphometry and correlated to parathyroid hormone values (r = 0.62; p = 0.021). By histomorphometry, bone turnover was high in 50%, low in 21% and normal in 29%, while 36% showed abnormal patterns of mineralization. Significant positive associations were observed between osteoblast surface, osteoclast surface, mineralization surface and bone turnover markers. Conclusions: Deterioration of cortical ­microarchitecture despite predominantly normal trabecular parameters reinforces the importance of comprehensive cortical evaluation in patients with CKD.

Chemical Structure-Based Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Human Cortical Bone from Two-Dimensional Infrared Images

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Ou-Yang ◽  
Eleftherios P. Paschalis ◽  
Adele L. Boskey ◽  
Richard Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sample Length ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Infrared Images ◽  
Collagen Crosslinks

A method is described for the construction of three-dimensional infrared images from serial two-dimensional infrared images of various chemical structure parameters acquired from cortical bone. A series of serial cortical bone sections, each 4–5 μm thick, separated by ∼100 μm, were microtomed from PMMA-embedded normal human tibia. Twenty-three IR image cubes were acquired from this series, corresponding to an overall sample length of ∼2.2 mm. From each image cube, IR images of the spatial distribution of the mineral-to-matrix (protein) ratio, the mineral crystallinity, and the ratio of nonreducible-to-reducible collagen crosslinks were calculated. Two-dimensional images were stacked to form a 3D view of the cortical bone, with contrast provided by variation in the spatial distribution of any of the aforementioned chemical/molecular structural parameters.

scholarly journals Structural Changes in Trabecular Bone, Cortical Bone and Hyaline Cartilage as Well as Disturbances in Bone Metabolism and Mineralization in an Animal Model of Secondary Osteoporosis in Clostridium perfringens Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Tomczyk-Warunek ◽  
Tomasz Blicharski ◽  
Siemowit Muszyński ◽  
Ewa Tomaszewska ◽  
Piotr Dobrowolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Turnover Markers

There is no information regarding whether changes in the microbiological balance of the gastrointestinal tract as a result of an infection with Clostridium perfringens influence the development of metabolic bone disorders. The experiment was carried out on male broiler chickens divided into two groups: control (n = 10) and experimental (n = 10). The experimental animals were infected with Clostridium perfringens between 17 and 20 days of age. The animals were euthanized at 42 days of age. The structural parameters of the trabecular bone, cortical bone, and hyaline cartilage as well as the mineralization of the bone were determined. The metabolism of the skeletal system was assessed by determining the levels of bone turnover markers, hormones, and minerals in the blood serum. The results confirm that the disturbed composition of the gastrointestinal microflora has an impact on the mineralization and metabolism of bone tissue, leading to the structural changes in cortical bone, trabecular bone, and hyaline cartilage. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that changes in the microenvironment of the gastrointestinal tract by infection with C. perfringens may have an impact on the earlier development of osteoporosis.

A comparison between micro-CT and histology for the evaluation of cortical bone: effect of polymethylmethacrylate embedding on structural parameters

2011 ◽  
Vol 245 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. PARTICELLI ◽  
L. MECOZZI ◽  
A. BERAUDI ◽  
M. MONTESI ◽  
F. BARUFFALDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Bone Effect

Pullout Strength of Screws in Foal Third Metacarpal Bone after Overdrilling a 4.5 mm Hole

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kelly ◽  
G. S. Martin ◽  
D. J. Burba ◽  
S. A. Sedrish ◽  
R. M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Pullout Strength ◽  
Cancellous Screw ◽  
Bone Screw ◽  
Screw Insertion ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Cortical Screw ◽  
Metaphyseal Bone

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to determine and to compare the in vitro pullout strength of 5.5 mm cortical versus 6.5 mm cancellous bone screws inserted in the diaphysis and metaphysis of foal third metacarpal (MCIII) bones in threaded 4.5 mm cortical bone screw insertion holes that were then overdrilled with a 4.5 mm drill bit. This information is relevant to the selection of a replacement screw if a 4.5 mm cortical screw is stripped during orthopaedic surgery. In vitro pullout tests were performed in two independent cadaver studies, each consisting of 12 foal MCIII bones. Two 4.5 mm cortical screws were placed either in the mid-diaphysis (study 1) or distal metaphysis (study 2) of MCIII bones. The holes were then overdrilled with a 4.5 mm bit and had either a 5.5 mm cortical or a 6.5 mm cancellous screw inserted; screw pullout tests were performed at a rate of 0.04 mm/s until screw or bone failure occurred.The bone failed in all of the tests in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal bone. The holding power for 6.5 mm cancellous screws was significantly (p <0.05) greater than for 5.5 mm cortical screws in both the diaphysis and metaphysis. There was not any difference in the holding power of screws in either the diaphysis or the metaphysis between proximal and distal screw holes.If a 4.5 mm cortical bone screw strips in MCIII diaphyseal or metaphyseal bone of foals, a 6.5 mm cancellous screw would provide greater holding power than a 5.5 mm cortical screw.In order to provide information regarding selection of a replacement screw if a 4.5 mm cortical screw is stripped, the in vitro pullout strength was determined for 5.5 mm cortical and 6.5 mm cancellous screws inserted in third metacarpal diaphyseal and metaphyseal bone of foals in which threaded 4.5 mm cortical bone screw insertion holes had been overdrilled with a 4.5 mm bit. The holding power of the 6.5 mm cancellous screw was significantly greater than the 5.5 mm cortical screw in both the diaphysis and metaphysis of foal third metacarpal bone. Thus, it appears that if a 4.5 mm cortical screw is stripped during orthopaedic surgery in foals, a 6.5 mm cancellous screw would provide superior holding power.

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