Evaluating the Impact of Process Variability and Radiation Effects on Different Transistor Arrangements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo H. Brendler ◽  
Alexandra L. Zimpeck ◽  
Cristina Meinhardt ◽  
Ricardo Reis
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Process Variability ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals FinFET Inverter Designs: Behavior and Challenges of Process Variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Leonardo Barlette De Moraes ◽  
Alexandra Lackmann Zimpeck ◽  
Cristina Minhardt ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Da Luz Reis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Noise Immunity ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Schmitt Trigger ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Cmos Inverter ◽  
Process Variability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract— Technology scaling alongside the increasing process variability impact in modern technology nodes are themain reasons to control deviations over metrics in IC nanome-ter designs. Schmitt Triggers are traditionally used for noise immunity enhancement, and have been recently applied to mitigate radiation effects and process variability impact. The main contribution of this work is to trace the relationship between transistor sizing, supply voltage, and process variability to get a low energy consumption circuit while still keeping low levels of deviations due to the impact of process-induced variability. It is shown that a cost-benefit analysis can highlight sets of sizing and supply voltage where it can provide a 37.51% decrease in energy consumption while only increasing its sensibility by 7.42%. Furthermore, it is presented that the dependence of supply voltage and sensibility to process variability is not directly related, with slight decreases in the supply volt-ages bringing better results. Overall, the traditional CMOS inverter is still the fastest and most energy-efficient circuit, although, when comparing noise immunity characteristics, the 6-Transistor Schmitt Trigger presents higher noise margins, slopes, gains, and hysteresis ratios. The improvements,although, may increase propagation times, energy consumption, and area.

scholarly journals Interannual and Seasonal Variations in Ecosystem Transpiration and Water Use Efficiency in a Tropical Rainforest

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricar Aguilos ◽  
Clément Stahl ◽  
Benoit Burban ◽  
Bruno Hérault ◽  
Elodie Courtois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Warmer and drier climates over Amazonia have been predicted for the next century with expected changes in regional water and carbon cycles. We examined the impact of interannual and seasonal variations in climate conditions on ecosystem-level evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) to determine key climatic drivers and anticipate the response of these ecosystems to climate change. We used daily climate and eddyflux data recorded at the Guyaflux site in French Guiana from 2004 to 2014. ET and WUE exhibited weak interannual variability. The main climatic driver of ET and WUE was global radiation (Rg), but relative extractable water (REW) and soil temperature (Ts) did also contribute. At the seasonal scale, ET and WUE showed a modal pattern driven by Rg, with maximum values for ET in July and August and for WUE at the beginning of the year. By removing radiation effects during water depleted periods, we showed that soil water stress strongly reduced ET. In contrast, drought conditions enhanced radiation-normalized WUE in almost all the years, suggesting that the lack of soil water had a more severe effect on ecosystem evapotranspiration than on photosynthesis. Our results are of major concern for tropical ecosystem modeling because they suggest that under future climate conditions, tropical forest ecosystems will be able to simultaneously adjust CO2 and H2O fluxes. Yet, for tropical forests under future conditions, the direction of change in WUE at the ecosystem scale is hard to predict, since the impact of radiation on WUE is counterbalanced by adjustments to soil water limitations. Developing mechanistic models that fully integrate the processes associated with CO2 and H2O flux control should help researchers understand and simulate future functional adjustments in these ecosystems.

Numerical Simulation for Radiated Flow in Rotating Channel with Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Reactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasawar Hayat ◽  
Ikram Ullah ◽  
Ahmed Alsaedi ◽  
Hamed Alsulami
Keyword(s):  
Skin Friction ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynold Number ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Shooting Technique ◽  
Heterogeneous Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rotating Channel

Abstract The present work models MHD three-dimensional flow in a rotating channel. The energy expression is characterized by heat generation/absorption and radiation effects. Homogeneous-heterogeneous features are also accounted for. The obtained non-dimensional systems are numerically computed via the NDSolve based Shooting technique. Graphs are plotted to visualize the impact of various influential variables on velocity, temperature and concentration. In addition, skin friction and the Nusselt number are numerically estimated. Here temperature increases for increasing estimations of heat generation/absorption and radiation parameters. Furthermore, skin friction is reduced in the case of large Reynold number and rotation parameter.

The Drugs and Natural Antioxidants as the Components of Anti-radiation Countermeasures during Cosmic Flights

2017 ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
И. Ушаков ◽  
I. Ushakov ◽  
М. Васин ◽  
M. Vasin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Solar Cosmic Rays ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
The Impact

Radiation situation for cosmonauts over long-term cosmic flights is caused by low-rate radiation of galactic cosmic rays and solar cosmic rays consisting of high-energy proton as well as heavy particles (Z>10) within 1-2 % that is exclusively a threat of stochastic radiation effects (small increase of cancer risk and decrease of mean life span) for men. During interplanetary expedition periods the small probability of raised solar activity there is a threat of exposure to astronauts at doses that cause deterministic radiation effects leading to the development of the disease as a clinical manifestation of radiation injuries,. In a similar scenario it is necessary to have available to cosmic ship anti-radiation countermeasures for cosmonaut protection. Among radioprotective equipment can be provided with radiation protective agents and partial shielding of body separate section providing the best condition for post-radiation repair of radiosensitive body tissues. Preparation B-190 (indralin) is the most perspective from a small numbers of other radioprotectors permitting for men administration. Besides high radioprotective efficacy and large broadness of protective action B-190 is well tolerated including the impact of extrem flight factors. Antiemetic agent latran (ondansetron) is most interesting among preparation for prophylaxis and reduction of prodromal radiation reaction. To accelerate post-radiation hematopoietic recovery after raised solar activity an administration of radiomitigators (riboxin et al.) is substantiated. Neupomax (neupogen) is recommended as a preparation for pathogenesis therapy of acute radiation syndrome. Possible consequences of long-term cosmic voyages for oxidative stress development are taken into consideration. On their basis of nNatural antioxidants, preparations and nutrients radiomodulators, fully qualitative nutrition including vegetable food enriched flavonoids, vitamins C, E and carotene potentially prevent a shorten of cosmonaut biological age induced by solar cosmic rays and galactic cosmic rays and stress factors of long-term cosmic voyages. Radiomodulators are low and non-toxic and have not side effects in recommended doses. Their radioprotective effect is directly induced by adaption reaction on cellular and organismic levels through gene expression modulation and in that way the increase of non-specific body tolerance. The implementation of radiomodulator action is possible through hormesis mechanism.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF EXISTING METHODS FOR MODELING THE IMPACT OF SPACE RADIATION ON THE ELECTRONIC COMPONENT BASE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Mescheryakov ◽  
Artem Groshev ◽  
Tatyana Skvortsova
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Design Automation ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Space Radiation ◽  
Electronic Component ◽  
Functional Blocks ◽  
Automation Tools ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Control

The paper considers the modeling of radiation effects in design automation tools. Special at-tention is paid to the development of complex functional blocks and microelectronic products based on them, which require ensuring technological independence when creating modern control sys-tems, data processing and communication.

scholarly journals Spice modeling of ionizing radiation effects in CMOS devices

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Tatjana Pesic-Brdjanin
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Surface Potential ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Gate Oxide ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Voltage Threshold ◽  
Mos Transistor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Constant Shift

Electric characteristics of devices in advanced CMOS technologies change over the time because of the impact of the ionizing radiation effects. Device aging is caused by cumulative contribution of generation of defects in the gate oxide and/or at the interface silicon-oxide. The concentration of these defects is time and bias-dependent values. Existing models include these effects through constant shift of voltage threshold. A method for including ionizing radiation effects in Spice models of MOS transistor and FinFET, based on an auxiliary diode circuit using for derivation of values of surface potential, that also calculates the correction time-dependent voltage due to concentration of trapped charges, is shown in this paper.

scholarly journals Analysis of Radiation Effects on Workers and Environment Pilot Plant Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Nur Endah Sari ◽  
Yohannes Sardjono ◽  
Andang Widi Harto
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Equivalent Dose Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Boron Neutron Capture ◽  
Borated Polyethylene ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
The Impact

BNCT is a new method in nuclear technology. The aim of BNCT application is to reduce human risk which used to kills cell targeting characteristic. The impact of using this technology should be considered before it is applied, among the effects of radiation on workers and the surrounding environment BNCT pilot plant. A research on modeling of BNCT pilot plant used a collimator for a 30 MeV cyclotron neutron sources which had been designed from the past research. Radiation shielding modeling for treatment room used MCNPX software. The radiation shielding was concrete baryte on each side that includes coated borated polyethylene 2 cm thick and it is featured with a sliding door with dimensions 220 × 87 × 200 cm coated with stainless steels 2 cm thick. Results obtained value equivalent dose rate of neutron and gamma of each 41.5 µSv.h<sup>-1</sup> and 2.05 µSv.h<sup>-1</sup>. Effects of radiation received by workers in the form of deterministic effects did not have a significant are impact.

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