6. Regression Models with Parametrically Weighted Explanatory Variables

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Part Time

This paper describes linear regression models with parametrically weighted explanatory variables and related logistic regression models that estimate parameters characterizing (1) the effects of weighted variables on the dependent variable and (2) weights for the components of weighted variables. The models also characterize parsimoniously the interaction effects between weighted variables and covariates on the dependent variable by the use of various constraints on parameters. In particular, the models are concerned with testing the significance of variation with covariates in the weights of weighted variables separately from the significance of variation with those covariates in the effects of weighted variables. The usefulness of these models in sociological research is demonstrated by an illustrative analysis of the class identifications of married working women using education, occupational prestige, and income as three variables weighted between own and spousal attributes, and using year, age, race, part-time–full-time distinction, and employment status as covariates.

scholarly journals Parental Caregiving and Employment among Midlife Women in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 016402752094119
Author(s):  
Saeko Kikuzawa ◽  
Ryotaro Uemura
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Parental Caregiving ◽  
Regular Employment

In this paper, we examine how parental caregiving affects women’s employment in Japan. Drawing on the 2005–2014 Longitudinal Survey of Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons, we estimate logistic regression models for the employment status of middle-aged women in various types of employment as a function of caregiving intensity to examine when and in what context caregivers’ employment may be at risk for Japanese women. The results showed that working women who began providing 5 or more hours of care per week were significantly more likely to leave their jobs than non-caregiving women; those who began providing fewer than 5 hours of care per week did not show this likelihood. Among women in regular employment, those who began to provide 5 or more hours of care per week and those who provided care in the previous year were more likely to stop working or change jobs than their non-caregiving counterparts.

Factors Associated With Completion: Pathways Through Developmental Mathematics

2020 ◽  
pp. 152102511990098
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Howell ◽  
Candace Walkington
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Developmental Mathematics ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mathematics Coursework ◽  
Time Required

This study examines two 5-year longitudinal data sets of community college students ( n = 595 and n = 593) to explore factors associated with successful outcomes in developmental mathematics. Logistic regression models consider the role of demographic factors, course format, and student support structures on the likelihood of a student completing the developmental sequence and subsequently passing a credit-level mathematics course. Additional linear regression models examine the time required to complete developmental coursework. Tutoring has a strong association with positive student outcomes, as does full-time enrollment and developmental mathematics coursework grades. Alternative course formats are also associated with increased likelihood of success for students, but some alternative formats delay a student's time line. Implications for developmental mathematics programs in community college settings are discussed.

The Politics of Part-Time Work: Gender, Employment Status, and Preferences for Redistribution

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
David S. Pedulla ◽  
Michael J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preferences For Redistribution ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

Abstract The social and economic forces that shape attitudes toward the welfare state are of central concern to social scientists. Scholarship in this area has paid limited attention to how working part-time, the employment status of nearly 20% of the U.S. workforce, affects redistribution preferences. In this article, we theoretically develop and empirically test an argument about the ways that part-time work, and its relationship to gender, shape redistribution preferences. We articulate two gender-differentiated pathways—one material and one about threats to social status—through which part-time work and gender may jointly shape individuals’ preferences for redistribution. We test our argument using cross-sectional and panel data from the General Social Survey in the United States. We find that the positive relationship between part-time employment, compared to full-time employment, and redistribution preferences is stronger for men than for women. Indeed, we do not detect a relationship between part-time work and redistribution preferences among women. Our results provide support for a gendered relationship between part-time employment and redistribution preferences and demonstrate that both material and status-based mechanisms shape this association.

Challenging the Link Between Early Childhood Television Exposure and Later Attention Problems: A Multiverse Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762097165
Author(s):  
Matthew T. McBee ◽  
Rebecca J. Brand ◽  
Wallace E. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Propensity Score Analysis ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Score Analysis ◽  
Television Exposure

In 2004, Christakis and colleagues published an article in which they claimed that early childhood television exposure causes later attention problems, a claim that continues to be frequently promoted by the popular media. Using the same National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data set ( N = 2,108), we conducted two multiverse analyses to examine whether the finding reported by Christakis and colleagues was robust to different analytic choices. We evaluated 848 models, including logistic regression models, linear regression models, and two forms of propensity-score analysis. If the claim were true, we would expect most of the justifiable analyses to produce significant results in the predicted direction. However, only 166 models (19.6%) yielded a statistically significant relationship, and most of these employed questionable analytic choices. We concluded that these data do not provide compelling evidence of a harmful effect of TV exposure on attention.

scholarly journals Economic Abuse of Women in Amman, Jordan: A Quantitative Study

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402098261
Author(s):  
Rula Odeh Alsawalqa
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Economic Abuse ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Abuse Of Women

As the literature on the economic abuse of women in Arabic contexts is quite limited, we aimed to detect the correlation between this economic abuse and a variety of demographic variables. Specifically, we considered women’s age, education, income, number of children, and length of marriage, as well as the husband’s education and employment status. We distributed questionnaires that included the economic, psychological, and community composite abuse scales to 500 married working women in the capital of Amman, Jordan. The results revealed that the economic abuse of women decreased as their education levels and length of marriage increased, as long as the husband worked full-time. In addition, a husband’s high education level would also increase the likelihood of economic abuse. Most importantly, the findings showed that economic abuse definitively heightened the probability of intimate partner violence (psychological, emotional, and physical abuse, as well as harassment).

Prevalence and adverse impact of extended antibiotic prophylaxis in urologic oncology surgery.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 294-294
Author(s):  
Matthew Mossanen ◽  
Josh Calvert ◽  
Sarah Holt ◽  
Andrew Callaway James ◽  
Jonathan L. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Urologic Oncology ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Provider Characteristics ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
Postoperative Length ◽  
Hospital Acquired

294 Background: Providers exhibit variation in the selection of the class, dose, and duration of prescribed antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) to prevent postsurgical infections. We sought to evaluate ABP practice patterns for common inpatient urologic oncology surgeries and ascertain the association between extended ABP and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infections. Methods: From the PREMIER database for 2007–2012, we identified patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP), radical or partial nephrectomy (Nephx), or radical cystectomy (RC). We defined extended ABP from charges for antibiotics ≥ 2 days after surgery; exclusive of patients with a switch in antibiotic class within 2 postoperative days for presumption of infection. We identified postoperative C. diff infections using ICD-9 diagnosis codes. Hierarchical linear regression models were constructed by procedure to identify patient and provider factors associated with extended ABP. Logistic regression models evaluated the association between extended ABP and postoperative C. diff infection, adjusting for patient and provider characteristics. Results: We identified 59,184 RP patients, 27,921 Nephx patients, and 5,425 RC patients. RC patients were more likely to receive extended ABP (56%) than RP (18%) or Nephx (29%) patients (p<0.001). Other factors associated with extended ABP included prolonged postoperative length of stay (OR ≥ 1.69, p<0.001 for all procedures), and surgical volume (p<0.001 for highest vs. lowest volume quartiles). Hospital identity explained 35% of the variability in ABP after RP, 23% after Nephx, and 20% after RC. Among Nephx and RC patients, extended ABP was associated with significantly higher odds of postoperative C. diff infection (OR 3.79, 95% CI 2.46–5.84, and OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.12–2.39, respectively). Conclusions: We identified marked hospital-level variability in extended ABP following RP, Nephx, and RC, which was associated with significantly increased odds of hospital-acquired C. diff infections. Efforts to increase provider compliance with national ABP guidelines may decrease preventable hospital-acquired infections after urologic cancer surgery.

scholarly journals Felnőtt tanulók diplomaszerzési törekvései

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ágnes Engler
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Mature Students ◽  
Part Time Students ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Asking Questions

A tanulmányban a felsőoktatás ritkán vizsgált hallgatói csoportjának, a munka és (vagy) család mellett, részidős képzésben tanuló felnőtt hallgatók tanulmányi beruházásait vizsgáltuk. A részidős képzésben tanulókat érintő tudományos jellegű megkeresések leginkább a diplomaszerzést követően történnek a diplomás utánkövetéses vizsgálatok keretében. Ennek során a felsőoktatásban végzettek szakmai életútját munkaerő-piaci szemszögből kísérik figyelemmel, érdeklődve a diploma megszerzését követő karrierállomásokról, a diploma beválthatóságáról, munkaerő-piaci pozicionálásról, a tanulmányokba történő befektetések megtérüléséről és hozamairól. A felnőttoktatás felől közelítve ugyancsak elmondható, hogy a kutatási kérdések szintén szűk körben keresnek választ a felnőttek tanulási aspirációjára vagy eredményességére. Vizsgálatunkban a tanulási döntéseket, tanulási motivációkat és az eredményességet kísérjük figyelemmel, mégpedig a tanulmányi életút függvényében.***In this peaper we wish to deal with a group of students in higher education who usually receive little attention: the students pursuing their studies while they have a full-time job and a family. Sociological research dealing with people earning a degree as part-time students usually reaches the students after graduation, in the form of follow-up examinations. These projects follow the career of graduates from the aspects of the labour market, asking questions about the stations in the career of the individuals after graduation, the return of the investment made into education, the value of the degree in the labour market. Even the research projects approaching the issue from the aspects of higher education usually do not seek an answer to questions regarding the aspirations of the students for learning, or the success of their learning process. In our examination we research the learning decision, motivation and efficiency of mature students in the light of the academic life.

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