scholarly journals Does early drug use‐related police contact predict premature mortality and morbidity: A population register‐based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora Ellonen ◽  
Joonas Pitkänen ◽  
Bryan L. Miller ◽  
Hanna Remes ◽  
Mikko Aaltonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Population Register ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Police Contact ◽  
Early Drug

Six-year follow-up study of combined type ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: Predictors of functional impairment and comorbid symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Cadman ◽  
J. Findon ◽  
H. Eklund ◽  
H. Hayward ◽  
D. Howley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Population Norms ◽  
Police Contact ◽  
Dsm Iv

AbstractBackgroundADHD in childhood is associated with development of negative psychosocial and behavioural outcomes in adults. Yet, relatively little is known about which childhood and adulthood factors are predictive of these outcomes and could be targets for effective interventions. To date follow-up studies have largely used clinical samples from the United States with children ascertained at baseline using broad criteria for ADHD including all clinical subtypes or the use of DSM III criteria.AimsTo identify child and adult predictors of comorbid and psychosocial comorbid outcomes in ADHD in a UK sample of children with DSM-IV combined type ADHD.MethodOne hundred and eighteen adolescents and young adults diagnosed with DSM-IV combined type ADHD in childhood were followed for an average of 6 years. Comorbid mental health problems, drug and alcohol use and police contact were compared for those with persistent ADHD, sub-threshold ADHD and population norms taken from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Study 2007. Predictors included ADHD symptomology and gender.ResultsPersistent ADHD was associated with greater levels of anger, fatigue, sleep problems and anxiety compared to sub-threshold ADHD. Comorbid mental health problems were predicted by current symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, but not by childhood ADHD severity. Both persistent and sub-threshold ADHD was associated with higher levels of drug use and police contact compared to population norms.ConclusionsYoung adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD showed increased rates of comorbid mental health problems, which were predicted by current levels of ADHD symptoms. This suggests the importance of the continuing treatment of ADHD throughout the transitional years and into adulthood. Drug use and police contact were more common in ADHD but were not predicted by ADHD severity in this sample.

scholarly journals Molecular and Immunological Mechanisms of Miana Leaf (Coleus Scutellariodes [L] Benth) in Infectious Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1607-1618
Author(s):  
Theo Audi Yanto ◽  
Mochammad Hatta ◽  
Agussalim Bukhari ◽  
Rosdiana Natzir
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Immunological Mechanism ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
To Come ◽  
Antibiotic Efficacy ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Infectious disease is still a massive world burden of disease. It causes premature mortality and morbidity. Regardless of antibiotic therapy, the increased numbers of antibiotic resistance bring emerging problems in infectious disease. Several pathogens have unique roles to deactivate host immune response causing difficulty to treat the infection. Alack of antibiotic efficacy is crucial to modulate the immune response as a brilliant strategy to face infectious disease in years to come. Various herbal medicine has been known to have a pivotal role in enhancing immune response at the molecular level. Miana leaves extract (MLE) has a potential role in regulating the immune response to the infection. Besides its antimicrobial effect, MLE has other properties such as anti-inflammation, antioxidant. Several studies have revealedthe molecular mechanism of MLE in immune response, such as enhancing IL 37, IL 10, regulating TLR 4, and IFN-g. The objectives of this article are to review the molecular and immunological mechanism of Miana in treating various infective diseases comprehensively.

scholarly journals The Dysregulation Profile Predicts Cannabis Use in the Offspring of Teenage Mothers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha M. De Genna ◽  
Cynthia Larkby ◽  
Marie D. Cornelius
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Dysregulation Profile ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Early Drug

Background. Offspring of teenage mothers are at greater risk of early drug use. Research has identified a child behavior checklist (CBCL) profile for children with high levels of comorbid behavior problems, the dysregulation profile (DP), as another risk factor for drug use. Method. Teenage girls (12–18 years old; 71% African-American, 29% White) were recruited during pregnancy. Data were collected during pregnancy and when offspring were 6, 10, and 14 years old (). Mothers completed the CBCL when children were at ages 6 and 10, and children who scored 60 or higher on all 3 DP subscales (aggression, anxiety/depression, and attention problems) were categorized as dysregulated. At ages 10 and 14, the offspring (50% male, 50% female) reported on their cannabis use and completed the childhood depression inventory (CDI). Results. DP at age 6 and depressive symptoms at age 14 predicted recent cannabis use in the offspring. There was a significant interaction between race and pubertal timing such that White offspring who matured earlier were at greater risk of recent cannabis use. Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that it may be possible to identify a subset of children at risk of dual diagnosis as early as age 6.

Perceived Environmental Drug Use Risk and the Correlates of Early Drug Use or Nonuse among Inner-City Youths: The Motivated Actor*

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 977-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Dembo ◽  
William R. Blount ◽  
James Schmeidler ◽  
William Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Early Drug

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance: the next BIG pandemic

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Chaudhry ◽  
Priyanka Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Human History ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Health Community ◽  
The World

Pandemics have indefinitely threatened the resilience of health systems worldwide. Based on the costs inflicted by some of the deadliest pandemics in human history, economists have projected that global pandemics could cost over USD 6 trillion and generate an annual estimated loss of over USD 60 billion. While the global health community is tirelessly trying to curb the burden of premature mortality from several old and new forms of pathogens, it is now faced with the silently emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pandemic that could endanger some of the most significant advances in modern medicine. Owing to rampant antibiotic consumption in India, the article shows why the country may become the ‘AMR capital of the world’. It shows how health systems may be strengthened both at the national and international levels to reduce premature mortality and morbidity attributable to AMR and pandemics. 

scholarly journals Water Resource Management, Quality and Climate Change in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1166-1176
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Nouban ◽  
Serah Onuh John ◽  
Nura Yunusa ◽  
Alkasim Aminu ◽  
Zachariah Madaki
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Groundwater Source

Nigeria is endowed with natural water resources abundantly, the country has substantial annual rainfall, large water bodies such as rivers, streams, lakes etc. and abundant groundwater reservoirs which are least developed and utilized which resulted in economic, social, environmental and health costs, such as a high rate of premature mortality and morbidity resulting from contamination of consumption, pollution of environmental and environmental resources, pollution and overexploitation of ground and surface water resources and low income and productivity. Therefore, enabling citizens with access to potable water is paramount. Although conjugate or integral water management or monitoring inhabited with limited studies even in Nigeria where over 57% of the population rely on groundwater source the management approaches is practically scanty while integral water use studied extensively, the study recognized the integrated water resources managements (IWRM), internationally recognized principles to support the effort of ensuring robust policy framework and appropriate investments in Nigeria’s fresh water resources to enable the citizens with unlimited access to portable water.

scholarly journals Identification of Adolescents with Adiposities and Elevated Blood Pressure and Implementation of Preventive Measures Warrants the Use of Multiple Clinical Assessment Tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Hiba Bawadi ◽  
Manal Kassab ◽  
Abdel Hadi Zanabili ◽  
Reema Tayyem
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Adolescent Males ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

The burden of abdominal adiposity has increased globally, which is recognized as a key condition for the development of obesity-related disorders among youth, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. High blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular diseases increase the rates of premature mortality and morbidity substantially. Aims: to investigate the relation between abdominal adiposity and elevated BP among adolescent males in Jordan. Methods: Nationally representative sample of male adolescents was selected using multi-cluster sampling technique. Study sample included 1035 adolescent males aged 12 to 17 years. Multiple indicators were used to assess adiposity including waist circumference (WC) and total body fat (TF), truncal fat (TrF), and visceral fat (VF). Systolic blood pressure was measured to assess hypertension. Results: After adjusting for age, smoking status, and physical activity, the odds of having stage two hypertension increased 6, 7, and 8 times for adolescents who were on 90th percentile or above for Trf, VF, and WC, respectively. Conclusion: Elevated BP was significantly associated with total and abdominal adiposity among adolescent males in Jordan. Use of multiple clinical assessment tools is essential to assess abdominal obesity among adolescents.

Abstract 103: Socioeconomic Factors and Illicit Drug Use Affect Time to Presentation in Ascending Aortic Dissection

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Doctorian ◽  
Sean Khorami ◽  
Jie Ren
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Patient Groups

Objectives: Ascending aortic dissection (AoD) is the most lethal condition involving the aorta. Despite increased awareness of AoD among clinicians and improvements in diagnostic imaging and treatment, the mortality and morbidity rates of this condition remain high. To further optimize outcomes, symptom onset and its impact on presentation is needed. The objective of this study was to determine whether socioeconomic factors and legal or illegal drug use were associated with delays in presentation of ascending AoD patients. Methods: In this study, 186 patients with complete data presenting with ascending AoD from 2007 to 2016 to 2 tertiary hospitals were retrospectively studied. Symptom-onset-to-hospital-arrival time was analyzed for: legal and illegal substance use, ethnicity, insurance status, gender, and marital status. Symptom onset time was identified by review of medical records and emergency services data. Statistical analysis was carried out to compare differences in time to presentation between groups. Results: See tables 1 and 2 Conclusions: In this cohort, illicit drug use and tobacco use were associated with significant barriers to presentation in patients with ascending AoD. In addition, ascending AoD patients who were female, Hispanic, uninsured, and widowed presented significantly later than the other patient groups. Contrary to expectation, alcohol use was not associated with pre-hospital delays. Enhanced public awareness and targeted education to these vulnerable patient groups are necessary to decrease pre-hospital delays, reduce barriers to presentation, and further improve clinical outcomes in ascending AoD patients.

Abstract 24: Acute Cardiac Care in China: A Needs Assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Ng ◽  
Blake Thomson ◽  
Yichong Li ◽  
Maigeng Zhou ◽  
Liming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Training And Support

Background: In 2013, stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD) became the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among adults over age 50 in China. Together they accounted for 3.29 million deaths and over 17% of years of life lost due to disability or premature mortality (DALYs). Despite the increased disease burden, there is a lack of adequate disease surveillance, particularly for acute CVD. This study aims to comprehensively assess the demand and supply for health care services for handling out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Beijing and Shanghai, China. Methods: A mixed methods approach was adopted. Household surveys were conducted to understand the needs and awareness of OHCA and STEMI. Furthermore, hospital and emergency medical service (EMS) surveys were carried out to determine existing system capacity in treating these conditions. Quantitative data were supplemented with qualitative data to better examine gaps in the delivery of services. A total of 1000 households, 3000 individuals, 4 major (tier one) facilities and 8 EMS stations were sampled in the two districts in each city. Results: There was a lack of awareness among the general public in the symptoms of OHCA and STEMI. Delay in treatment was common. Willingness to carry out bystander action was low, and only a small proportion of individuals were CPR-trained. Results from hospital and EMS surveys indicated that facilities and ambulances were sufficiently equipped with technologies to handle OHCA and STEMI. However, timely diagnosis and treatments were hindered by various contextual factors including delays in treatment seeking, high patient volume and limitations in staff training and support. Conclusion: The delivery of care for acute cardiac event in the two cities were suboptimal. Interventions are urgently needed. In particular, a holistic approach including the promotion of public knowledge, improvement in frontline health workers’ training and support, as well as enhancement of data registry and monitoring are necessary.

Low birth weight as a vulnerability marker for early drug use.

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard D. Chilcoat ◽  
Naomi Breslau
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Early Drug
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