scholarly journals Within-Subject Intra- and Inter-Method Consistency of Two Experimental Risk Attitude Elicitation Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Dulleck ◽  
Jonas Fooken ◽  
Jacob Fell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Elicitation Methods ◽  
Pool Level ◽  
Subject Pool

Abstract We compare the consistency of choices in two methods used to elicit risk preferences on an aggregate as well as on an individual level. We ask subjects to choose twice from a list of nine decisions between two lotteries, as introduced by Holt and Laury (2002, 2005) alternating with nine decisions using the budget approach introduced by Andreoni and Harbaugh (2009). We find that, while on an aggregate (subject pool) level the results are consistent, on an individual (within-subject) level, behaviour is far from consistent. Within each method as well as across methods we observe low (simple and rank) correlations.

Colleague Crowdsourcing: A Method for Fostering National Student Engagement and Large-N Data Collection

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 829-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber E. Boydstun ◽  
Jessica T. Feezell ◽  
Rebecca A. Glazier ◽  
Timothy P. Jurka ◽  
Matthew T. Pietryka
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Large N ◽  
Subject Pool ◽  
Data Summaries

ABSTRACTScholars often rely on student samples from their own campuses to study political behavior, but some studies require larger and more diverse samples than any single campus can provide. In our case, we wanted to study the real-time effects of presidential debates on individual-level attitudes, and we sought a large sample with diversity across covariates such as ideology and race. To address this challenge, we recruited college students across the country through a process we call “colleague crowdsourcing.” As an incentive for colleagues to encourage their students to participate, we offered teaching resources and next-day data summaries. Crowdsourcing provided data from a larger and more diverse sample than would be possible using a standard, single-campus subject pool. Furthermore, this approach provided classroom resources for faculty and opportunities for active learning. We present colleague crowdsourcing as a possible model for future research and offer suggestions for application in varying contexts.

Experimental Microfoundations for Resolve: II

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Kertzer
Keyword(s):  
Military Intervention ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Reputational Costs

This chapter investigates individual-level microfoundations of resolve in the context of public opinion about military interventions by conducting a national survey of American adults. The survey consisted of three parts: a factorial experiment manipulating the human and reputational costs of a hypothetical military intervention; a dispositional questionnaire measuring time preferences, risk preferences, and honor orientations; and a concluding questionnaire measuring general demographic characteristics. The results suggest that the costs of fighting have relatively little effect on the amount of resolve displayed by participants, while the reputational costs of backing down play a relatively significant one. The largest effects are dispositional: time and risk preferences are strongly correlated with resolve, as is a behavioral measure of trait self-control.

scholarly journals Green Logistics Service Supply Chain Games Considering Risk Preference in Fuzzy Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8024
Author(s):  
Shuna Wang ◽  
Zhi-Hua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Green Logistics ◽  
Green Management ◽  
Logistics Service ◽  
Service Supply Chain ◽  
Innovation Cost ◽  
The Impact

The increasing pressures from environmental crises are responsible for the green and sustainable choices made in supply chain management. Green logistics service supply chain (LSSC) operations play a significant role in reducing the environmental burden of the supply chain, and the risk preferences of logistics enterprises lead to more uncertainties in the green management of LSSC. Much research has been limited to case studies of green LSSC, and the different combinations of risk preferences among LSSC participants have generally been ignored. This paper investigates the impact of the risk preference on the equilibrium behavior of an LSSC composed of one logistics service integrator (LSI) and one logistics service provider (LSP) under fuzzy decision environments. Considering the fact that the greening innovation cost and the parameters of the demand function are all characterized as fuzzy variables, the games between the LSI and LSP with different risk preferences were comprehensively proposed under three scenarios. Then, the optimal decisions of the LSP and LSI were drawn, and numerical examples are presented. The results show that an optimistic risk attitude can appropriately improve the greening level, price, and green innovation cost of logistics services, while both risk appetite and risk aversion can lead to an increase in the outsourcing price. Moreover, when the decision maker is risk neutral, the partner’s risk attitude has a significant effect on the value of the decision variables and the cost. Finally, the optimal profits of different risk preference behaviors between the LSI and LSP vary among the game models under fuzzy environments. Subsequently, we obtained three management insights. Total involvement and cooperation among participants were vital factors for an improvement in green management in the LSSC. Additionally, risk preference plays a key role in how LSSC participants make decisions under fuzzy environments. Additionally, a dominant position in the LSSC plays a crucial role in generating profit.

scholarly journals Estimating Risk Preferences in the Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levon Barseghyan ◽  
Francesca Molinari ◽  
Ted O’Donoghue ◽  
Joshua C. Teitelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Property Insurance ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Core ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Betting Market ◽  
Separate Treatment ◽  
Insurance Data

We survey the literature on estimating risk preferences using field data. We concentrate our attention on studies in which risk preferences are the focal object and estimating their structure is the core enterprise. We review a number of models of risk preferences—including both expected utility (EU) theory and non-EU models—that have been estimated using field data, and we highlight issues related to identification and estimation of such models using field data. We then survey the literature, giving separate treatment to research that uses individual-level data (e.g., property-insurance data) and research that uses aggregate data (e.g., betting-market data). We conclude by discussing directions for future research. ( JEL C51, D11, D81, D82, D83, G22, I13)

Comment on “Risk Preferences Are Not Time Preferences”: Separating Risk and Time Preference

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 2272-2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Miao ◽  
Songfa Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Time Preference ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Intertemporal Decisions ◽  
Behavior Supports

Andreoni and Sprenger (2012a,b) observe that utility functions are distinct for risk and time preferences, and show that their findings are consistent with a preference for certainty. We revisit this question in an enriched experimental setting in which subjects make intertemporal decisions under different risk conditions. The observed choice behavior supports a separation between risk attitude and intertemporal substitution rather than a preference for certainty. We further show that several models, including Epstein and Zin (1989); Chew and Epstein (1990); and Halevy (2008) exhibit such a separation and can account for the overall experimental findings. (JEL C91, D81, D91)

scholarly journals Stability of risk attitude across choice contexts and frames

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nicholas Robert Brown
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Risky Choice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Choice Data ◽  
Decision Frames ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

We report the results of the large-scale study of risk attitude demonstrating substantial heterogeneity both between and within decision makers across three risky choice contexts: financial, mortality and climate change. We use a p-additive model of risk to classify decision makers according to their risk attitude in each context and frame (i.e., gains or losses). Our results indicate that while some decision makers exhibit stable risk preferences across contexts and decision frames, many others have risk preferences which vary depending on the choice environment. We find almost no evidence of the reflection effect for individual DMs or in choice data aggregated across DMs. We discuss the implications for economic and psychological research and modeling of risk attitudes, emphasizing that any one-size-fits-all approach to risk attitude such as assuming risk neutrality or risk aversion is unlikely to accurately describe the choice behavior of decision makers.

scholarly journals Loss Aversion and Health Behaviors: Results from Two Incentivized Economic Experiments

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Donata Bessey
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
The United States ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Individual Level

Experimental research in health economics has analyzed the effects of economic preference parameters such as risk attitude and time preference on the probability of adopting risky health behaviors. However, the existing evidence is mixed and previous research often fails to include controls for other determinants of health behaviors such as personality traits. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationships between an incentivized measure of loss aversion and three health behaviors: smoking, binge drinking, and engaging in physical activity. Loss aversion is a preference measure that has been derived from prospect theory as an alternative approach to analyze decision-making under risk, such as the decision to invest in health capital, and has never been used in an analysis of the determinants of health behaviors before. Using two experimental samples of college students in the Republic of Korea and the United States of America, and controlling for Big Five personality traits and a host of individual-level control variables, there are no statistically significant relationships between loss aversion and the three aforementioned health behaviors, but relationships for Big Five conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. A candidate explanation might be lack of domain independence for loss aversion. Differences between the Korean and the US samples indicate the possibility of intercultural differences.

Perceptions of Stuttering of Different Age Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1315
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Kondrashov ◽  
John A. Tetnowski
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
School Age ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Subject Pool

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions of stuttering of school-age children who stutter and those of adults who stutter through the use of the same tools that could be commonly used by clinicians. Method Twenty-three participants across various ages and stuttering severity were administered both the Stuttering Severity Instrument–Fourth Edition (SSI-4; Riley, 2009 ) and the Wright & Ayre Stuttering Self-Rating Profile ( Wright & Ayre, 2000 ). Comparisons were made between severity of behavioral measures of stuttering made by the SSI-4 and by age (child/adult). Results Significant differences were obtained for the age comparison but not for the severity comparison. Results are explained in terms of the correlation between severity equivalents of the SSI-4 and the Wright & Ayre Stuttering Self-Rating Profile scores, with clinical implications justifying multi-aspect assessment. Conclusions Clinical implications indicate that self-perception and impact of stuttering must not be assumed and should be evaluated for individual participants. Research implications include further study with a larger subject pool and various levels of stuttering severity.

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Courtney Bagge ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

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