Women's Perception of Cervical Cancer and Its Prevention in Rural Laos

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keokedthong Phongsavan ◽  
Alongkone Phengsavanh ◽  
Rolf Wahlström ◽  
Lena Marions
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background:Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer of women in the world, and it becomes a major cause of cancer mortality in low-income countries. Currently, little is known regarding cervical cancer incidence in Laos, although it is anticipated to be high like in neighboring countries. To be able to develop a screening program in the country, it is essential to explore women's perception of the disease. The purpose of this study was therefore to describe knowledge, awareness, and attitudes regarding cervical cancer among rural women of Laos.Methods:In a descriptive cross-sectional study, women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic factors, knowledge of the disease and its risk factors, awareness, and attitudes toward cervical cancer and its prevention.Results:Eight hundred women were included in the study, and 58% claimed to know about cervical cancer. Approximately one third (38%) considered themselves to be at risk, but less than 5% had ever had a Papanicolau test. Sixty-two percent believed it was possible to prevent cervical cancer and that vaccination may be a suitable method, but only 14% know about risk factors. Another method for prevention was frequent vaginal douching, which was suggested by 70% of the women. Symptoms like bleeding and discharge were correctly identified as possible indicators of cervical cancer, but only 57 women (7%) knew that an early stage of the disease could be symptom-free. Lack of subjective symptoms was the main reason for women to refrain from gynecological examinations.Conclusions:This study indicates that rural women in Laos have limited knowledge about cervical cancer and even less about screening and prevention. There is a need to educate the general community about the disease and its prevention.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of postpartum depression among postpartum mothers in central region, Eritrea: a health facility based survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahom Kiros Gebregziabher ◽  
Tesfit Brhane Netsereab ◽  
Yerusalem Gebremeskel Fessaha ◽  
Feven Andebrhan Alaza ◽  
Nardos Kidane Ghebrehiwet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder that occurs within the first 12 months after delivery. It affects 20 to 40% of women living in the low-income countries. In resource limited countries discovering the predictors of PPD is important as it allows close follow-up and targeted screening of at risk mothers. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and predictors of PPD among recently delivered mothers in Central Region of Eritrea. Methods This study used analytical cross-sectional study design to evaluate the magnitude of and factors associated with postpartum depression among 380 randomly selected mothers. The study was conducted in four primary health care facilities of Zoba Maekel (Central Region), Eritrea. A structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to capture the socio-demographic and maternity related information of the study participants. The standard Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition was used to assess depression. The dependent variable for this study was status of the mother with regard to PPD. The socio-demographic and maternity related variables of the mothers, presumed to influence the likelihood of developing postpartum depression, were the independent variables. Results In this study the prevalence of PPD was found to be 7.4%. Mother’s who are housewives were less likely to develop PPD (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06–0.97; p = 0.046), whereas, mothers with perceived low economic status (AOR = 13.33, 95% CI: 2.66–66.78; p = 0.002), lack of partner support (AOR = 5.8, 95% CI: 1.33–25.29; p = 0.019), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.24–9.28; p = 0.017), maternal illness after delivery (AOR = 7.42, 95% CI: 1.44–34.2; p = 0.016), and reside in Southwest-Asmara (AOR = 6.35, 95% CI: 1.73–23.23; p = 0.05) had statistically significant higher odds of postpartum depression. Conclusions In the current study setting, factors that associated with PPD are grouped in to two domains; the woman’s potential to bear the forthcoming responsibility and the social support they get after delivery. The findings of this study imply the need to introduce an active screening program for PPD the health facilities as part of the postpartum care.

scholarly journals Knowledge Toward Cervical Cancer and Its Determinants Among Women Aged 30-49 in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107327482098302
Author(s):  
Tadesse Nigussie ◽  
Adane Asefa ◽  
Aderajew Nigusse ◽  
Bitiya Admassu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Jimma Town

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the common causes of premature death and disability in women worldwide. It is preventable through vaccination, and screening for precancerous lesions and early treatment. However, screening service uptake and treatment for cervical cancer face significant challenges in low-income countries due to poor information systems. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge of cervical cancer and its determinants among women aged 30-49 years living in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken from March 20 to April 15, 2017. The data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS version 21. Multivariable logistic regression anaysis was done and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Of the interviewed women, only 321(43.6%) had adequate knowledge about cervical cancer and screening. Attending secondary school or above (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.24-4.74), using modern contraceptives (AOR = 6.31, 95% CI: 2.86-13.89), knowing somebody with cervical cancer (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.35-3.71) and knowing someone screened for cervical cancer (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.30-3.80) were associated with knowledge of cervical cancer. Conclusion: Knowledge of cervical cancer is low in the current study area even if appropriate knowledge regarding the disease is important in decreasing the incidence and prevalence of cervical cancer through screening and human pappiloma virus vaccination. Increasing awereness regarding the disease and prevention strategies are the key issue.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated withCampylobacterdetected by PCR in humans and animals in rural Cambodia

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (14) ◽  
pp. 2979-2988 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. OSBJER ◽  
S. BOQVIST ◽  
S. SOKERYA ◽  
K. CHHENG ◽  
S. SAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Zoonotic Risk

SUMMARYCampylobacterare worldwide-occurring zoonotic bacteria, with the speciesCampylobacter jejuniandC. colicommonly associated with diarrhoea in children in low-income countries. In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence ofC. jejuniandC. coliin human and livestock faecal samples was detected by PCR and zoonotic risk factors associated with humanCampylobacterpositivity were identified. In total 681 humans and 753 livestock (chickens, ducks, pigs, cattle) from 269 households were sampled. Children aged <16 years were more frequentlyCampylobacterpositive (19%) than adults (8%) and multilevel logistic models revealed that humanC. jejunipositivity was associated with the following household practices: home-slaughtering [odds ratio (OR) 2·4,P= 0·01], allowing animals access to sleeping and food preparation areas (OR 2·8,P= 0·02), and eating undercooked meat (OR 6·6,P= 0·05), while frequent consumption of beef was protective (OR 0·9,P= 0·05). Associations were stronger for home-slaughtering (OR 4·9,P= 0·004) withC. jejuniinfection in children only.Campylobacterwas highly prevalent in pigs (72%) and chickens (56%) and risk factors associated with humanCampylobacterpositivity were identified throughout the meat production chain. The findings underline the importance of studying source attributions throughout the production chain and the need for upgraded understanding ofCampylobacterepidemiology in low-income countries.

scholarly journals Awareness Level of Cervical Cancer among Rural Women Attending Manikgonj 250-Bedded District Hospital, Manikgonj

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Rahman ◽  
Avisak Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Value Determination

Background: Cervical cancer is a typically slow-growing cancer that may not have symptoms, but can be early diagnosed by Pap smear and Visual Inspection of Cervix with Acetic Acid (VIA). The burden of the disease is increasing in developing countries day by day due to the ascending trend of transmissible diseases such as HIV and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness regarding cervical cancer among the women attending outpatient department of Manikgonj 250-bedded district hospital, Manikgonj. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among the women attending the OPD of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of Manikgonj 250-bedded district hospital from June, 2017 to October, 2017. The respondents were selected by random sampling. A pre-structured, interview-based data collection sheet was prepared, which was used as a research tool. Data were collected by interview of the patients and then data were gathered, decorated and tabulated after data cleaning and edition. Then the results were presented in tabular and figure forms. As it is a descriptive type of cross-sectional study p value determination was not required to see the level of significance. Results: In this study mean age of 50 respondents was 24.18 ± 6.63 years. The maximum respondents (62%) were from 20−30 years age group. Out of 50 respondents 46% were married and 24% were unmarried. Among the study subjects 84% knew about cervical cancers, 28% respondents knew about the disease from uthan boithok and 26% by electronic and print media. Thirty six percent respondents knew about the risk factors of the disease, 42 (84%) heard about the disease, 60% thought that they are at self risk and 12% respondents underwent screening before. Among those (70.45%) who did not undergo screening blamed not having adequate knowledge about the risk factors. Seventy two percent of total respondents knew that district hospital is a center for screening. Fifty percent women did not have any knowledge regarding vaccination. Conclusion: Majority respondents in this study did not know clearly about cervical cancer, specially its risk factors, vaccination, prevention and clinical profile of the disease. J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(1): 34-40

scholarly journals Group B Streptococci Colonization in Pregnant Guatemalan Women: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Vaginal Microbiome

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Rick ◽  
Angie Aguilar ◽  
Rosita Cortes ◽  
Remei Gordillo ◽  
Mario Melgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Infection causes 1 of every 5 neonatal deaths globally. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the most significant pathogen, although little is known about its epidemiology and risk in low-income countries. Methods A cross-sectional study in 2015 at a public hospital in Guatemala City enrolled women ≥35 weeks’ gestation. Vaginal and rectal swabs were processed using Lim broth and GBS CHROMagar then agglutination testing. Risk factors were assessed using multivariate analysis. Vaginal microbiota were profiled by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing in a subset of 94 women. Results Of 896 pregnant women, 155 (17.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.9–19.9) were GBS colonized. Colonization was associated with history of previous infant with poor outcome (odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% CI, 1.15–3.27) and increasing maternal age (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.09). Multiparity was protective (OR, .39; 95% CI, .21–.72). Four (6%) GBS-exposed infants had early-onset neonatal sepsis. Vaginal microbiome composition was associated with previous antibiotic exposure (P = .003) and previous low birth weight infant (P = .03), but not GBS colonization (P = .72). Several individual taxa differed in abundance between colonized and noncolonized women. Conclusions Group B Streptococcus is prevalent in pregnant women from Guatemala with different risk factors than previously described. Although the vaginal microbiome was not altered significantly in GBS-colonized women, use of antibiotics had an effect on its composition.

A Cross-sectional Study of the Clinical Profile of Children With Cerebral Palsy in Benin, a West African Low-Income Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
pp. 842-850
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Segnon Sogbossi ◽  
Damienne Houekpetodji ◽  
Toussaint G. Kpadonou ◽  
Yannick Bleyenheuft
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Classification System ◽  
West African ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is a common cause of pediatric motor disability. Although there are increasing amounts of data on the clinical profile of children with cerebral palsy in high-income countries, corresponding information about low-income countries and developing countries is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to describe the clinical spectrum of cerebral palsy in children in Benin, a representative West African low-income country. Our cross-sectional observational study included 114 children with cerebral palsy recruited from community-based rehabilitation centers and teaching hospitals (median age: 7 years, range 2-17; sex: 66% male). Data were collected through review of medical records and interviews with children’s mothers. Assessment included risk factors, clinical subtypes according to the Surveillance of CP in Europe criteria, severity of motor outcome scored by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System, comorbidities, and school attendance. We recorded a high prevalence of intrapartum adverse events. Seventeen percent of children had postneonatal cerebral palsy, with cerebral malaria being the most common cause. Most children were severely affected (67.5% as bilateral spastic; 54.4% as GMFCS IV or V), but severity declined substantially with age. Only 23% of the children with cerebral palsy had attended school. Poor motor outcomes and comorbidities were associated with school nonattendance. These results suggest that intrapartum risk factors and postnatal cerebral malaria in infants are opportune targets for prevention of cerebral palsy in Sub-Saharan low-income countries.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Inadequate Bowel Preparation for Screening Colonoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2740
Author(s):  
Efrat L. Amitay ◽  
Tobias Niedermaier ◽  
Anton Gies ◽  
Michael Hoffmeister ◽  
Hermann Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bowel Preparation ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Screening Practice ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Inadequate Bowel Preparation

The success of a colonoscopy in detecting and removing pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions depends heavily on the quality of bowel preparation. Despite efforts, 20–44% of colonoscopy participants have an inadequate bowel preparation. We aimed to assess and compare risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation and for the presence of advanced colorectal neoplasms in routine screening practice. In this cross-sectional study, among 8125 participants of screening colonoscopy in Germany with a comprehensive assessment of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and medical history, we examined factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation and with findings of advanced neoplasms using adjusted log-binomial regression models. Among the identified risk factors assessed, three factors were identified that were significantly associated with inadequate bowel preparation: age ≥ 70 years (adjusted prevalence ratios, aPR, 1.50 95%CI 1.31–1.71), smoking (aPR 1.29 95%CI 1.11–1.50) and abdominal symptoms (aPR 1.14 95%CI 1.02–1.27). The same risk factors were also associated with the prevalence of advanced neoplasms in our study (aPR 1.72, 1.62 and 1.44, respectively). The risk factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation in this study were also associated with a higher risk for advanced neoplasms. Inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy might lead to missed colorectal cancer (CRC) precursors and the late diagnosis of CRC. People at high risk of advanced neoplasms are in particular need of enhanced bowel preparation.

scholarly journals Acceptance of a COVID-19 Vaccine in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Masaki Machida ◽  
Itaru Nakamura ◽  
Takako Kojima ◽  
Reiko Saito ◽  
Tomoki Nakaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance

Vaccination could be a key protective measure against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and it is important to understand the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine among the general public. However, there is no study on the acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine in Japan. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy situation in Japan and assess the factors associated with such issues. This was a cross-sectional study based on an internet survey completed by 2956 people. Participants were asked to indicate how likely they were to get vaccinated for COVID-19. In addition, the participants responded to questions regarding sociodemographic factors, attitudes, and beliefs regarding COVID-19 infection and vaccination. The proportion of participants with a high likelihood of getting a COVID-19 vaccine was 62.1%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that vaccine acceptance was lower among several sociodemographic groups, such as women, adults aged 20–49 years, and those with a low-income level. Several psychological factors, especially the perceived effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine, and willingness to protect others by getting oneself vaccinated, were associated with vaccine acceptance. Our results indicate that the perceived effectiveness of the vaccine and willingness to protect others may play an important role in the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine.

scholarly journals Nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance regarding human papillomavirus vaccination in Ghana: a cross-sectional study

BMC Nursing ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Innocentia Ebu ◽  
Gifty Esinam Abotsi-Foli ◽  
Doreen Faakonam Gakpo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer Risk ◽  
Nurses And Midwives

Abstract Background Nurses and midwives play important roles in educating the public on cervical cancer prevention strategies. Aim This study sought to assess nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge of, attitudes towards, and acceptance of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in relation to their background characteristics. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study using questionnaires was conducted with a convenience sample of 318 female nurses and midwives, ages 20 to 59, at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana. The data were summarised using frequencies, percentages, chi-square tests, and Fisher’s exact tests. Results The results indicated that 41.5% (n = 132) of the participants had high levels of knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors, and 17.6% (n = 56) of the respondents had received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Reasons for receiving the HPV vaccination included advice from a colleague (12.9%, n = 41) and perceived threat of cervical cancer (11.7%, n = 37). Of the 262 respondents who had not been vaccinated, 24.45% (n = 78) strongly agreed and 28.0% (n = 89) agreed with the statement that there was limited information on HPV vaccination. Also, there were statistically significant associations between age (X2 = 23.746, p = 0.001), marital status (X2 = 14.758, p = 0.005), completed level of education (X2 = 21.692, p = 0.001), and duration of working at the hospital (X2 = 8.424, p = 0.038) and acceptance of HPV vaccination. Conclusions This study demonstrated gaps in knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors and attitudes towards HPV vaccination, indicating the need for targeted measures to improve knowledge and attitudes. Also, measures to increase acceptance of HPV vaccination among nurses and midwives should consider their sociodemographic characteristics.

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