Prospective physical fitness status and development of cardiometabolic risk in children according to body fat and lifestyle behaviours: The IDEFICS study

Abstract Background Obesity and lower physical fitness levels in children are related to the development of cardiometabolic risk. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship of cardio-metabolic risk and physical fitness in school children from Santiago de Chile. Methods Physical fitness was assessed as cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Fitness was measured using the six-minute-walk-test and muscle strength was assessed by hand grip and standing lung jump. Overweight (≥ 1 SD) and obesity (≥ 2 SD) were determined by body mass index. A cross sectional study was done in 452 children (185 boys and 267 girls), age range (7–9 years). Cardio-metabolic-risk (serum glucose, triglycerides, HDL, insulin) and waist for height ratio was expressed as z score. Data was analyzed using bivariate analysis and multiple and logistic regression. Results A 21% were obese and 27% overweight. Children with high body fat and low cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength had an OR of 6.8-fold (IC 95% 3.4 to 13.9) cardiometabolic risk z-score, compared to those most fit. Conclusion School children with higher body fat and lower physical fitness had increased cardio-metabolic-risk-score. No significant difference in cardio-metabolic risk in the non-obese children was found independent of their physical fitness.

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Physical Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk in Seven to Nine Years Old Children

10.21203/rs.3.rs-45298/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gerardo Weisstaub ◽

Maria Angelica Gonzalez ◽

Antonio Garcia Hermoso ◽

Gabriela Salazar

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Body Fat ◽

School Children ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Z Score ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Obesity and lower physical fitness levels in children are related to the development of cardiometabolic risk. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship of cardio-metabolic risk and physical fitness in school children from Santiago de Chile.Methods: Physical fitness was assessed as cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Fitness was measured using the six-minute-walk-test and muscle strength was assessed by hand grip and standing lung jump. Overweight (≥ 1 SD) and obesity (≥ 2 SD) were determined by body mass index. A cross sectional study was done in 452 children (185 boys and 267 girls), age range (7-9 years). Cardio-metabolic-risk (serum glucose, triglycerides, HDL, insulin) and waist for height ratio was expressed as z score. Data was analyzed using bivariate analysis and multiple and logistic regression.Results: A 21% were obese and 27% overweight. Children with high body fat and low cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength had an OR of 6.8-fold (IC 95% 3.4 to 13.9) cardiometabolic risk z-score, compared to those most fit.Conclusion: School children with higher body fat and lower physical fitness had increased cardio-metabolic-risk-score. No significant difference in cardio-metabolic risk in the non-obese children was found independent of their physical fitness.

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Construct validity and test–retest reliability of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) in Colombian children and adolescents aged 9–17.9 years: the FUPRECOL study

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3351 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3351 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽

Sandra Milena Cruz-Salazar ◽

Myriam Martínez ◽

Eduardo L. Cadore ◽

Alicia M. Alonso-Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Fat ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Risk Index ◽

Index Score ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Risk Index Score

BackgroundThere is a lack of instruments and studies written in Spanish evaluating physical fitness, impeding the determination of the current status of this important health indicator in the Latin population, especially in Colombia. The aim of the study was two-fold: to examine the validity of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) with a population-based sample of schoolchildren from Bogota, Colombia and to examine the reliability of the IFIS with children and adolescents from Engativa, Colombia.MethodsThe sample comprised 1,873 Colombian youths (54.5% girls) aged 9–17.9 years. We measured their adiposity markers (waist-to-height ratio, skinfold thickness, percentage of body fat and body mass index), blood pressure, lipids profile, fasting glucose, and physical fitness level (self-reported and measured). A validated cardiometabolic risk index score was also used. An age- and sex-matched subsample of 229 schoolchildren who were not originally included in the sample completed the IFIS twice for reliability purposes.ResultsOur data suggest that both measured and self-reported overall physical fitness levels were inversely associated with percentage of body fat indicators and the cardiometabolic risk index score. Overall, schoolchildren who self-reported “good” or “very good” fitness had better measured fitness levels than those who reported “very poor/poor” fitness (allp < 0.001). The test-retest reliability of the IFIS items was also good, with an average weighted kappa of 0.811.DiscussionOur findings suggest that self-reported fitness, as assessed by the IFIS, is a valid, reliable, and health-related measure. Furthermore, it can be a good alternative for future use in large studies with Latin schoolchildren from Colombia.

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Normal-Weight Obesity Is Associated with Poorer Cardiometabolic Profile and Lower Physical Fitness Levels in Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12041171 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1171 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Antonio García-Hermoso ◽

Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho ◽

Gloria Eugenia Camargo-Villalba ◽

Nubia Mercedes González-Jiménez ◽

Mikel Izquierdo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Normal Weight Obesity ◽

Cardiometabolic Profile

Normal-weight obesity (NWO) syndrome has been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction. However, little is known regarding this potential relationship in Latin American children and adolescents. The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to investigate whether Colombian youth with NWO syndrome have a poorer cardiometabolic profile and physical fitness performance than normal-weight lean (NWL) peers; and (ii) to determine if physical fitness levels are related to prevalence of normal-weight obesity in youth. This was an analytical cross-sectional study of 1919 youths (9–179 years old, 53.0% girls) in the capital area of Colombia. NWO was defined as a body mass index < 25 kg/m2 and a validated body fat percentage above the sex-age-specific 90th percentile for Colombian children and adolescents. Body fat was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was estimated using the 20-meter shuttle run test, and muscular fitness with the handgrip test. Biochemical profile blood samples were collected for cardiometabolic risk factors. After adjusting for chronological age, pubertal stage, and Mediterranean diet adherence, the NWO group (boys and girls) had significantly higher values for cardiometabolic risk factors, and waist circumference (WC) than the NWL group. The prevalence of NWO was lower in youth classified with healthy CRF (boys, odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37 to 0.78; girls, OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.50), p < 0.001. Our findings indicate that using only body mass index for the assessment of cardiometabolic risk likely misrepresents true adiposity and suggest the need to include the assessment of body fat in the routine clinical evaluation of individuals during childhood and adolescence.

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Physical fitness as a moderator in the relationship between adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness ◽

10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11130-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Brand ◽

Ana P. Sehn ◽

Anelise R. Gaya ◽

Jorge Mota ◽

Javier Brazo-Sayavera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

The Relationship

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Relationship of Physical Fitness with Age and Body Fat, Work Pattern, Life Style among Male Workers of an Electronic Manufacturing Company

Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.3.434 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 434

Author(s):

Sang Woo Kim ◽

Pal Su Nam ◽

Wan Seoup Park ◽

Young Yeon Jung ◽

Kuk Hyeun Woo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Fat ◽

Life Style ◽

Work Pattern ◽

Electronic Manufacturing ◽

Manufacturing Company ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Male Workers

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Effects of School-Based Exercise and Nutrition Intervention on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Overweight Adolescent Girls

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 238

Author(s):

Špela Bogataj ◽

Nebojša Trajković ◽

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez ◽

Vedrana Sember

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Fat ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Nutrition Intervention ◽

School Based ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Overweight Adolescent ◽

Overweight Adolescent Girls ◽

Medicine Ball

Regular exercise during school hours is encouraged since childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions. Moreover, a great majority of adolescents do not meet the recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The present study aimed to determine the effects of school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and nutrition intervention on body composition and physical fitness in overweight adolescent girls. Forty-eight girls were included in the study, of whom 24 (age = 15.5 ± 0.7 years) were randomized to a experimental group (EXP) (HIIT and nutrition intervention school-based program) and 24 (age = 15.7 ± 0.6 years) to a control group (CON) that maintained their usual physical education activities. HIIT consisted of 10 stations of own bodyweight exercise and was done three times per week for eight weeks. Moreover, the EXP participated in the nutrition program led by a nutritionist two times a week. Apart from body composition assessment, participants performed countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw, hand-grip test, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Test (YYIRT1). A significant effect of group (EXP vs. CON) x time (pre vs. post) interaction was observed for weight [F(1,44) = 7.733; p = 0.008], body mass index [F(1,44) = 5.764; p = 0.020], body fat (in kg) [F(1,44) = 17.850; p < 0.001], and body fat (in %) [F(1,44) = 18.821; p < 0.001]. Moreover, a significant interaction was observed for the medicine ball throw [F(1,44) = 27.016; p < 0.001] and YYIRT1 [F(1,44) = 5.439; p = 0.024]. A significant main effect for time was found for hand grip [F(1,44) = 9.300; p = 0.004] and CMJ [F(1,44) = 12.866; p = 0.001].The present study has demonstrated that just eight weeks school-based HIIT and nutrition intervention, including three sessions a week, can improve body composition and muscular and physical aerobic performance in overweighted adolescent girls.

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Sex differences in the associations between adiposity distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese individuals: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11316-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yide Yang ◽

Ming Xie ◽

Shuqian Yuan ◽

Yuan Zeng ◽

Yanhui Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Body Fat ◽

Regression Models ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Whole Body ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Lower Odds

Abstract Background We aimed to assess the associations between adiposity distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese adults in China, and to demonstrate the sex differences in these associations. Methods A total of 1221 participants (455 males and 766 females) were included in this study. Percentage of body fat (PBF) of the whole body and regional areas, including arm, thigh, trunk, android, and gynoid, were measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. Central adiposity was measured by waist circumference. Clustered cardiometabolic risk was defined as the presence of two or more of the six cardiometabolic risk factors, namely, high triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein, elevated glucose, elevated blood pressure, elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and low adiponectin. Linear regression models and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between whole body or regional PBF and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results In females, except arm adiposity, other regional fat (thigh, trunk, android, gynoid) and whole-body PBF are significantly associated with clustered cardiometabolic risk, adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and whole-body PBF. One-SD increase in Z scores of the thigh and gynoid PBF were significantly associated with 80 and 78% lower odds of clustered cardiometabolic risk (OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.12–0.35 and OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.12–0.41). Trunk, android and whole-body PBF were significantly associated with higher odds of clustered risk with OR of 1.90 (95%CI:1.02–3.55), 2.91 (95%CI: 1.75–4.85), and 2.01 (95%CI: 1.47–2.76), respectively. While in males, one-SD increase in the thigh and gynoid PBF are associated with 94% (OR: 0.06, 95%CI: 0.02–0.23) and 83% lower odds (OR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.05–0.57) of clustered cardiometabolic risk, respectively. Android and whole-body PBF were associated with higher odds of clustered cardiometabolic risk (OR: 3.39, 95%CI: 1.42–8.09 and OR: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.53–3.92), but the association for trunk PBF was not statistically significant (OR: 1.16, 95%CI: 0.42–3.19). Conclusions Adiposity distribution plays an important role in the clustered cardiometabolic risk in participants with overweight and obese and sex differences were observed in these associations. In general, central obesity (measured by android PBF) could be the best anthropometric measurement for screening people at risk for CVD risk factors for both men and women. Upper body fat tends to be more detrimental to cardiometabolic health in women than in men, whereas lower body fat is relatively more protective in men than in women.

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Physical Fitness of Trained Runners with and without Mild Mental Retardation

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.16.2.126 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 126-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Georgia C. Frey ◽

Jeffrey A. McCubbin ◽

Steve Hannigan-Downs ◽

Susan L Kasser ◽

Steven O. Skaggs

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Fat ◽

Knee Flexion ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Mild Mental Retardation ◽

Lower Back ◽

Hamstring Flexibility ◽

Trained Runners

The purpose of this study was to compare physical fitness levels of trained runners with mild mental retardation (MMR) (7 males and 2 females, age = 28.7 ± 7.4 years, weight = 67.0 ± 11.7 kg) and those without (7 males and 2 females, age = 29.1 ± 7.5, weight = 68.7 ± 8.8 kg). Paired t tests revealed no differences between runners with and without MMR on measures of V̇O2peak (56.3 ± 9.1 vs. 57.7 ± 4.1 ml · kg-1 · min-1), percent body fat (16.6 ± 8.4 vs. 16.6 ± 3.1), and lower back/hamstring flexibility (33.1 ± 10.9 vs. 28.6 ± 10.1 cm). Knee flexion (KF) and extension (KE) strength were significantly greater in runners without MMR compared to those with MMR (KF peak torque = 65.7 ±7.9 vs. 48.7 ± 15.7 ft/lb; KE peak torque = 138.5 ± 17.7 vs. 104.4 ± 29.9 ft/lb). It was concluded that trained runners with MMR can achieve high levels of physical fitness comparable to individuals without MMR.

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