scholarly journals Physical Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk in Seven to Nine Years Old Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Weisstaub ◽  
Maria Angelica Gonzalez ◽  
Antonio Garcia Hermoso ◽  
Gabriela Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Obesity and lower physical fitness levels in children are related to the development of cardiometabolic risk. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship of cardio-metabolic risk and physical fitness in school children from Santiago de Chile.Methods: Physical fitness was assessed as cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Fitness was measured using the six-minute-walk-test and muscle strength was assessed by hand grip and standing lung jump. Overweight (≥ 1 SD) and obesity (≥ 2 SD) were determined by body mass index. A cross sectional study was done in 452 children (185 boys and 267 girls), age range (7-9 years). Cardio-metabolic-risk (serum glucose, triglycerides, HDL, insulin) and waist for height ratio was expressed as z score. Data was analyzed using bivariate analysis and multiple and logistic regression.Results: A 21% were obese and 27% overweight. Children with high body fat and low cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength had an OR of 6.8-fold (IC 95% 3.4 to 13.9) cardiometabolic risk z-score, compared to those most fit.Conclusion: School children with higher body fat and lower physical fitness had increased cardio-metabolic-risk-score. No significant difference in cardio-metabolic risk in the non-obese children was found independent of their physical fitness.

scholarly journals Physical Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk in Seven to Nine Year Old Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Weisstaub ◽  
Maria Angelica Gonzalez ◽  
Antonio Garcia Hermoso ◽  
Gabriela Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Obesity and lower physical fitness levels in children are related to the development of cardiometabolic risk. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship of cardio-metabolic risk and physical fitness in school children from Santiago de Chile. Methods Physical fitness was assessed as cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Fitness was measured using the six-minute-walk-test and muscle strength was assessed by hand grip and standing lung jump. Overweight (≥ 1 SD) and obesity (≥ 2 SD) were determined by body mass index. A cross sectional study was done in 452 children (185 boys and 267 girls), age range (7–9 years). Cardio-metabolic-risk (serum glucose, triglycerides, HDL, insulin) and waist for height ratio was expressed as z score. Data was analyzed using bivariate analysis and multiple and logistic regression. Results A 21% were obese and 27% overweight. Children with high body fat and low cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength had an OR of 6.8-fold (IC 95% 3.4 to 13.9) cardiometabolic risk z-score, compared to those most fit. Conclusion School children with higher body fat and lower physical fitness had increased cardio-metabolic-risk-score. No significant difference in cardio-metabolic risk in the non-obese children was found independent of their physical fitness.

scholarly journals Association between Resting Heart Rate and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Brazilian Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Augusto Santos Silva ◽  
Tiago Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Mark Stephen Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Health Related

The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between health-related physical fitness components (aerobic fitness, muscle strength, flexibility, and body fat) and resting heart rate (RHR) in Brazilian adolescents. The study included 695 schoolchildren (14–19 years) from public schools of the city of São José, Brazil. RHR was evaluated using an automated oscillometric sphygmomanometer. Aerobic fitness was assessed by the modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test; muscle strength was measured by handgrip dynamometer; flexibility was assessed by the sit-and-reach test; and body fat was assessed indirectly by sum of two skinfold thicknesses (triceps and subscapular). Sociodemographic variables, habitual physical activity, sexual maturation, and body mass index were the covariates. Cardiorespiratory fitness (β = -0.11; 95%CI: -0.14, -0.08) and handgrip strength (β = -0.10; 95%CI: -0.18, -0.01) were inversely associated with RHR in boys. For girls, cardiorespiratory fitness (β = -0.09; 95%CI: -0.12, -0.06) was inversely associated with RHR. In both sexes, body fat (β = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.25, 0.75 for boys; β = 0.17; 95%CI: 0.36, 2.72 for girls) was directly associated with RHR. The RHR is measured more easily than the physical fitness tests, so it is recommended to assess adolescent’s heath in large surveillance systems.

ACTN-3 Genotype, Body Composition, Fitness, and +Gz Tolerance in Senior Cadets

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1055-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seunghwan Shin ◽  
Hyunseok Jee
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Air Force Academy ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among ACTN-3, body composition, fitness, and +Gz tolerance for senior cadet training development and their safe task performance.METHODS: The subjects were all senior cadets (N = 68) at the Korea Air Force Academy. All cadets are required to pass a physical fitness test (3-km running, sit-ups, push-ups) and body composition test on a semiannual basis. Isokinetic muscle function (strength and endurance), +Gz test (+6 Gz ⋅ 30 s−1), and target gene (ACTN-3) were analyzed.RESULTS: The effects of body composition and physical fitness along with the relationship of the ACTN-3 genotype to the +6 Gz test results were determined. Consequently, no significant difference was found concerning the effect of ACTN-3 on the +6 Gz test result, body composition, and physical fitness; however, body fat (%) and isokinetic muscle strength (peak torque right leg extension and left leg flexion) showed significance between the pass and failure groups in the +Gz test.DISCUSSION: The cadets of the Korea Air Force Academy showed dominant fast genetic expression type based on their ACTN-3 genotype [RR and RX (N = 51, 75%) > XX (N = 17, 25%)]. Body fat (%) and isokinetic muscle strength (PT R EX, L FL) can be more effective predictors in the +6 Gz test for cadet training. Another speculation is that more RR- and RX-type-oriented training can promote cadets’ Gz tolerance from the isokinetic factors such as high peak torque and low fatigue index.Shin S, Jee H. ACTN-3 genotype, body composition, fitness, and +Gz tolerance in senior cadets. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(12):1055–1060.

scholarly journals Effects of School-Based Physical Activity Programs on Health-Related Physical Fitness of Korean Adolescents: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2976
Author(s):  
Eui-Jae Lee ◽  
Wi-Young So ◽  
Hyun-Su Youn ◽  
Jooyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
School Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Physical Activity Programs

As adolescents spend the majority of their time focused on exams and assignments, they do not have sufficient time to engage in physical activity; this lack of physical activity is an important public health concern. This study aimed to investigate how school-based physical activity programs affect the health-related physical fitness of adolescents in the Republic of Korea. For this study, a total of 120 high school students participated in a school-based physical activity program that included badminton and table tennis for 15 weeks each (35 min/day, three times a week), with a total of 30 weeks for one academic year. The parameters for health-related physical fitness measured muscle strength (handgrip strength), power (standing long jump), cardiorespiratory fitness (shuttle run test), flexibility (sit and reach), body mass index (BMI), and the total score. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in muscle strength (p < 0.001), power (p < 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001), flexibility (p = 0.005), and the overall health-related physical fitness score (p = 0.001). However, students’ BMI showed no significant difference before and after participation (p = 0.825). The results of this study indicated that school-based physical activity programs can have a positive effect on the health-related physical fitness of adolescents.

Abstract P115: Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level is Associated with Metabolic Risk in an Asymptomatic Population

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer T Oni ◽  
Michael J Blaha ◽  
Seth S Martin ◽  
Arthur S Agatston ◽  
Roger S Blumenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Fatty Liver Index ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Health Screen ◽  
Improve Health

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a measure of habitual physical activity level of an individual. We evaluate the association between CRF and measures of metabolic risk: Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP). Methods: This study evaluated 3,154 asymptomatic Brazilian subjects (43±10 years, 80% males) who had metabolic equivalent (METS) measured during routine health screen between November 2008 and July 2010. Both FLI and LAP were calculated from standardized algorithms. Results: The prevalence of METS attained were classified into 3; category 1: METS ≤ 12 (44%, n=1,377), category 2 METS >12 & <14 (33%, n=1050) and category 3: METS ≥ 14 (23%, n=727). There was a steady decrease in both median FLI and LAP with higher CRF categories, Figure 1. A logistic regression analysis showed that higher fitness level was associated with lower LAP and FLI levels, see table 1. Conclusions: Higher CRF level is associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk among asymptomatic individuals. This re-emphasis the importance of promoting increasing fitness level to improve health.

High Levels of Physical Fitness Are Associated With Better Health-Related Quality of Life in Women With Fibromyalgia: The al-Ándalus Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1481-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada C Álvarez-Gallardo ◽  
Alberto Soriano-Maldonado ◽  
Víctor Segura-Jiménez ◽  
Fernando Estévez-López ◽  
Daniel Camiletti-Moirón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract Background Physical fitness is a marker of health and is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Identifying which components of physical fitness are associated with HRQoL in people with fibromyalgia may contribute to the development of more specific therapeutic strategies. Objective The 2 aims of this study were to examine the association of different components of physical fitness (ie, flexibility, muscle strength, speed and agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness) with HRQoL and to determine the extent to which any association between the components of physical fitness and HRQoL were of clinical relevance to women with fibromyalgia. Design A cross-sectional design was used. Methods This study included 466 women with fibromyalgia from southern Spain (Andalusia). The Senior Fitness Test battery and the handgrip test were used to assess physical fitness, and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess HRQoL. Tender points, cognitive impairment, anthropometric measurements, and medication usage were also measured. First, multivariate linear regression was used to assess the individual relationship of each physical fitness test with the 8 dimensions of the SF-36. Second, a standardized composite score was computed for each component of physical fitness (flexibility, muscle strength, speed and agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness). A 1-way analysis of covariance to assess the differences in each of the 8 dimensions of the SF-36 across each physical fitness composite score was conducted. Forward stepwise regression was performed to analyze which components of physical fitness were independently associated with the SF-36 physical and mental component scales. Results Overall, higher levels of physical fitness were associated with higher levels of HRQoL (regardless of the SF-36 subscale evaluated). The effect sizes for HRQoL between participants with the lowest and the highest physical fitness levels ranged from moderate to large (Cohen d = 0.53–0.90). The muscle strength composite score was independently associated with the SF-36 physical component scale, whereas the flexibility composite score and cardiorespiratory fitness were independently associated with the SF-36 mental component scale. Limitations A limitation was that the cross-sectional design precluded the establishment of causality. Additionally, only women were included in the study, because fibromyalgia predominantly affects women. Conclusions High levels of physical fitness were consistently associated with better HRQoL in women with fibromyalgia; clinically relevant differences were demonstrated between those at extreme physical fitness levels. Muscle strength, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory fitness were independent indicators of HRQoL. These results warrant further prospective research on the potential of fitness to predict HRQoL in this population.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly linked to metabolic syndrome among physical fitness components: a retrospective cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bokun Kim ◽  
Minjae Ku ◽  
Tanaka Kiyoji ◽  
Tomonori Isobe ◽  
Takeji Sakae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Maintaining a good level of physical fitness from engaging in regular exercise is important for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, which components constitutive of physical fitness confer the greatest influence remains controversial. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between MetS and physical fitness components including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, flexibility, and agility and to identify which physical fitness components have the largest influence on MetS. Methods A total of 168 Japanese adult males aged 25–64 years were allocated into non-MetS, pre-MetS, and MetS groups according to the criteria recommended by the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. Anthropometric measurement of body composition by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and measures related to MetS, including waist circumference, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, blood pressure, glucose level, and physical fitness components, were assessed. For evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, flexibility, agility, and balance, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2AnT), handgrip strength and vertical jumping, trunk extension and flexion, stepping side to side, and single-leg balance task with the eyes closed were assessed, respectively. Results A progressive tendency of increasing body weight, body mass index, whole-body lean and fat mass, percentage of whole-body fat mass, trunk lean and fat mass, percentage of trunk fat mass, arm fat mass, waist circumference, triglyceride level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and blood glucose level from the non-MetS group to the MetS group was significant (P < 0.05). Conversely, the cardiorespiratory endurance parameters VO2peak and VO2AnT and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level showed a progressively decreasing tendency across the groups (P < 0.01). In addition, a VO2peak below 29.84 ml·kg·min−1 (P = 0.028) and VO2AnT below 15.89 ml·kg·min−1 (P = 0.011) were significant risk components for pre-MetS and MetS. However, there was no significant tendency with respect to muscle strength, agility, and flexibility. Conclusion Cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly linked to metabolic syndrome among physical fitness components

Changes in physical fitness of a home-based physical exercise program in childhood obesity: A quasi-experimental uncontrolled study

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Lisón ◽  
Alejandro Bruñó-Soler ◽  
Isabel Torró ◽  
Eva Segura-Ortí ◽  
Julio Alvarez-Pitti
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Home Based

Few studies have evaluated the changes in physical fitness (PF) of obese children and adolescents of a physical activity program for the treatment of obesity, and even fewer have explored the modality of home-based physical exercise. The objective of this study is to evaluate the changes in PF and body composition (BC) of a home-based physical exercise for treating childhood obesity. Thirty-three overweight/obese children and adolescents participated for six months in a home-based intervention that combined aerobics and muscular strength exercises. The results were compared, before and after the intervention, for the different PF components (VO2max, abdominal muscle resistance strength, and lower body explosive strength) and BC (body mass index Z-score (BMI-Z), percentage of body fat, and fat-free mass) variables. A significant reduction was observed in the percentage of body fat (4.7%) and the BMI- Z score (.23), and there was an increase in the fat-free mass of 2.9 kg ( p < .001). In addition, the VO2max showed a significant increase ( p < .05). The results of the different strength tests also showed significant improvements ( p < .05). Our findings support the effectiveness of this program improving not only BC but also PF. However, our results should be interpreted with caution due to lack of control group.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN KADAR SENG (ZN) RAMBUT BERDASARKAN DERAJAT STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 6-9 TAHUN

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Arindha Rahmawati ◽  
Yekti Wirawanni
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Hair Zinc ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Height For Age

Background: Stunting is a linear growth disorders are caused by chronic malnutrition especially zinc deficiency. Hair zinc concentrations can describe zinc status in the long term. The aim of this study is to investigate difference hair zinc concentrations based on degree of stunting in 6-9 years old children.Method: This cross sectional study was carried out on 57 school children aged 6-9 years. The subjects were chosen by stratified random sampling. Assessment degree of stunting are expressed by Height for Age Z-score (HAZ). Hair zinc concentrations was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) methods, the hair zinc concentrations less than 70 ppm was considered as chronic zinc deficiency. Bivariate analysis was using Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Rank Spearman.Results: The prevalence of nonstunting (-1≤HAZ<2 SD), mild stunting  (-2≤HAZ<-1 SD), moderate stunting (-3≤HAZ<-2 SD), and severe stunting (HAZ<-3SD) was 38,6%, 33,3%, 22,8%, and 5,3%, respectively. The median value hair zinc concentrations were 579,13 ppm. Out of 57 subjects, 26,3% had normal hair zinc concentrations, 73,7% had excess hair zinc concentrations, and no subject that experience of zinc deficiency. There is a significant difference on hair zinc concentrations based on degree of stunting (p=0,010) and positive correlation between hair zinc concentrations with Height for Age Z-score (HAZ) (r=0,303 ; p=0,022).Conclusion : There is a significant difference between hair zinc concentrations based on degree of stunting and significant correlation between hair zinc concentrations with Height for Age Z-score (HAZ). Hair zinc concentrations increased with increasing Height for Age Z-score (HAZ).Keywords : Degree of stunting, Height for Age Z-score (HAZ), Hair zinc concentrations, malnutrition, children 

scholarly journals A Multicomponent Intervention Program With Overweight and Obese Adolescents Improves Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, but Not Insulin Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia de Borba Schneiders ◽  
Caroline Brand ◽  
Leticia Borfe ◽  
Anelise Reis Gaya ◽  
Javier Brazo-Sayavera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Multicomponent Intervention ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Objective: To verify the effect of a multicomponent intervention with overweight/obese adolescents on physical fitness, body composition, and insulin biomarkers.Methods: A quasi-experimental study with 37 adolescents, aged 10 to 17 years, of both sexes, overweight and obese, allocated in two groups (Intervention—IG Group, n = 17; Control—GC Group, n = 20). The IGs were submitted to a multicomponent intervention for 6 months (three weekly sessions) consisting of physical exercises (sports, functional circuit, recreational, and water activities) and nutritional and psychological guidance. Participants were assessed before and after intervention on body composition [body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)], physical fitness [cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and abdominal strength], and biomarkers of insulin (glucose, insulin, evaluation of the homeostasis model of insulin, and resistin resistance). The prevalence of responders in both groups was obtained according to the theoretical model applied in previous studies similar to this one to determine the cutoff points for response to intervention. Poisson regression was used to verify the difference in the prevalence ratio (PR) of the interviewees between the groups.Results: The responders' prevalence between groups CG and IG showed significant differences for body fat (CG = 30.0%; IG = 70.6%; PR = 1.396; p &lt; 0.001), WHR (CG = 30.0%; IG = 76.5%; PR = 1.730; p &lt; 0.001), and CRF (CG = 15.0%; IG = 52.5%; PR = 1.580; p &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: A 6-month multicomponent intervention program improved certain body composition parameters and the CRF of overweight and obese adolescents but did not improve insulin biomarkers.Clinical Trial Registration: Clinical Trials under Protocol ID: 54985316.0.0000.5343.

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