Immuno-epidemiology of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in a high transmission community: antibody responses and their impact on current and future infection intensity

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.-M. King ◽  
H. T. Kim ◽  
N. T. Dang ◽  
E. Michael ◽  
L. Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
High Transmission

scholarly journals Nutritional status of soil-transmitted helminthiasis-infected and uninfected children

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Simarmata ◽  
Tiangsa Sembiring ◽  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Moderate Malnutrition

Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain a public health problem in developing countries. Their prevalence is particularly high in rural areas with people of low socioeconomic level. A single or mixed STH infection rarely causes death, but can affect nutritional status, growth, cognitive development and human health, especially in children.Objective To compare the nutritional status of STH-infected and uninfected children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2010 in children from 3 primary schools in the Simpang Empat and Kabanjahe Subdistricts, Karo District, North Sumatera Province. Fecal examinations were done by the Kato-Katz method to diagnose STH infections. Participants of this study consisted of 140 infected children and 141 uninfected children. Nutritional status classification was based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control growth charts. All categorical data were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results Of 140 infected children, 8.6% were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 17.1% with Trichuris trichiura and 74.3% with mixed infections (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). We found significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also found significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity.Conclusion We find significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also find significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity. Higher severity of infection is associated with lower nutritional status.

scholarly journals EOSINOPHILIA AS A PREDICTOR MORBIDITY OF SOIL- TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASES AMONG WIDODAREN PLANTATION WORKERS IN JEMBER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Aditya Primadana ◽  
Yudha Nurdian ◽  
Dini Agustina ◽  
Bagus Hermansyah ◽  
Yunita Armiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Blood Smear Examination

Background: Helminthiasis is a neglected tropical disease and still remain a health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries, including Indonesia. According to WHO, approximately 1,5 billion people or 24% of the world’s population, are infected with Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH). Morbidity is directly related to the intensity of STH infestation. Some of the studies shown a significant correlation between eosinophilia and helminthiasis. Eosinophilia on the blood smear examination may be used as a marker of STH infestation. Purpose: to determine the correlation between Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases and eosinophilia as a predictor of morbidity of STH infestation among Widodaren Plantation Workers in Jember. Methods: This observational analytical study use the Kato-Katz method to determine infestation of STH and its intensity measured by egg count per gram stool (EPG). Blood smear examination stained with Giemsa conduct to determine eosinophil count. Results: Prevalence of STH infestation was 22,7% (15/66). Ascaris lumbricoides infection was 13,6% (9/66) and Hookworm infection was 4,5% (3/66). There is mixed infection between A. lumbricoides and Hookworm, the prevalence was 4,5%% (3/66). All of the infection intensity was light. The prevalence of eosinophilia was 27,2% (18/66). There was a significant correlation between STH infection and eosinophilia (P=0,000) but, there was a very weak correlation between the intensity of STH infection and eosinophilia (r=0,281; p=0,258). Conclusion: The prevalence of STH infection among Widodaren Plantation Workers is 22,7% and predominated by A. lumbriocides. There is a positive correlation between intensity of STH infection and eosinophilia as predictor morbidity of STH infection with very weak power.

scholarly journals 2-Methyl-pentanoyl-carnitine (2-MPC): a urine biomarker for patent Ascaris lumbricoides infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Lagatie ◽  
Ann Verheyen ◽  
Stijn Van Asten ◽  
Maurice R. Odiere ◽  
Yenny Djuardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Urine Biomarker ◽  
Intestinal Worms ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Infections with intestinal worms, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, affect hundreds of millions of people in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Through large-scale deworming programs, World Health Organization aims to reduce moderate-to-heavy intensity infections below 1%. Current diagnosis and monitoring of these control programs are solely based on the detection of worm eggs in stool. Here we describe how metabolome analysis was used to identify the A. lumbricoides-specific urine biomarker 2-methyl pentanoyl carnitine (2-MPC). This biomarker was found to be 85.7% accurate in determining infection and 90.5% accurate in determining a moderate-to-heavy infection. Our results also demonstrate that there is a correlation between 2-MPC levels in urine and A. lumbricoides DNA detected in stool. Furthermore, the levels of 2-MPC in urine were shown to rapidly and strongly decrease upon administration of a standard treatment (single oral dose of 400 mg albendazole). In an Ascaris suum infection model in pigs, it was found that, although 2-MPC levels were much lower compared to humans, there was a significant association between urinary 2-MPC levels and both worm counts (p = 0.023) and the number of eggs per gram (epg) counts (p < 0.001). This report demonstrates that urinary 2-MPC can be considered an A. lumbricoides-specific biomarker that can be used to monitor infection intensity.

scholarly journals Antibody Responses and Resistance against Ascaris lumbricoides Infection among Venezuelan Rural Children: The Influence of Ethnicity

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hagel ◽  
M. Cabrera ◽  
E. Buvat ◽  
L. Gutierrez ◽  
C. Santaella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Rural Children

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in response to serological exposure markers of recent Plasmodium vivax infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Rosado ◽  
Michael T. White ◽  
Rhea J. Longley ◽  
Wuelton Monteiro ◽  
Marcus Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
Low Transmission ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
High Transmission ◽  
Antibody Titers

AbstractBackgroundAntibody responses to serological markers of Plasmodium vivax infection have been shown to correlate with exposure, but little is known about the other factors which affect antibody responses in naturally infected people from endemic settings. To address this question, we studied IgG responses to novel serological exposure markers (SEMs) of P. vivax in three settings with different transmission intensity.MethodologyWe validated a panel of 34 SEMs in a Peruvian cohort with up to three years’ longitudinal follow-up using the Luminex® platform and compared results to data from cohorts in Thailand and Brazil. Linear regression models were used to characterize the association between antibody responses and age, the number of detected blood-stage infections during follow-up, and time since the last infection. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to test the performance of SEMs to identify P. vivax infections in the last 9 months.Principal findingsAntibody titers were associated with age, the number of blood-stage infections, and time since last P. vivax infection in all three study sites. The association between antibody titers and time since last P. vivax infection was stronger in the low transmission settings of Thailand and Brazil compared to the high transmission setting in Peru. Of the SEMs tested, antibody responses to RBP2b had the highest performance of classifying recent exposure in all sites, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.83 in Thailand, AUC = 0.79 in Brazil, and AUC = 0.68 in Peru.ConclusionsIn low transmission settings, P. vivax SEMs can accurately identify individuals with recent blood-stage infections. In high transmission settings, the accuracy of this approach diminishes substantially. We recommend the application of P. vivax SEMs for use in low transmission settings pursuing malaria elimination, but they appear less useful in high transmission settings focused on malaria control.Author SummaryPlasmodium vivax still poses a threat in many countries due to its ability to cause recurrent infections. Key to achieving the goal of malaria elimination is the ability to quickly detect and treat carriers of relapsing parasites. Failing to identify this transmission reservoir will hinder progress towards malaria elimination. Recently, novel serological markers of recent exposure to P. vivax (SEM) have been developed and validated in low transmission settings. It is still poorly understood what factors affect the antibody response to these markers when evaluated in contrasting endemic contexts. To determine the factors that influence the antibody response to SEM, we compare the antibody levels in three sites with different transmission intensity: Thailand (low), Brazil (moderate) and Peru (high). In this study, we found that transmission intensity plays a key role in the acquisition of the antibody repertoire to P. vivax. In highly endemic sites, the immunological memory resulting from a constant and sustained exposure will impact the performance of SEMs to detect individuals with recent exposure to P. vivax. In summary, SEMs that perform well in low transmission sites do not perform as well in high transmission regions.

scholarly journals Correlation of Total IgE Level and Intensity of Infection among Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis Farmers in Klungkung Regency, Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Putu Indah Budi Apsari ◽  
Heny Arwati ◽  
Yoes Prijatna Dachlan
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Ige ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

The phenomena of increasing total IgE level in Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis and its protective role in resistance of infection remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between total IgE and the intensity of Soil transmitted helminthiasis among farmers in these area. Total 162 farmer, age ranged 25-80 years participated in this cross sectional analytic study. Kato-Katz method was used to diagnose Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis and to determined infection intensity based on egg per gram (EPG). Total IgE levels were measured by enzyme linked flourescent assay (ELFA). The results of this study showed that 13,56% farmer positive  for Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis, with single infection of Ascaris lumbricoides were 1,85%, 9,26% for Trichuris trichiura, 0,61% for Hookworm and mixed infection that were 1,23% for A.lumbricoides+T.trichiura 0,61%  for A.lumbricoides+Hookworm. The intensity of infection were in mild category. Total IgE level in Soil transmitted Helminthiasis group was significantly different compared with noninfected group (p<0.05, t-test). There was significant correlation between EPG and total IgE level (r=0.667, p=0.001, Spearman test). As a conclusion total IgE level was significantly correlated with EPG, this fact can be used to develop management of Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis theraphy.

Genetic relatedness as a determinant of predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Chan ◽  
D. A. P. Bundy ◽  
S. P. Kan
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Familial Predisposition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Host Genetic

SUMMARYThe present study examines the role of host genetics in predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection, by comparing the associations between age-standardized infection intensities of parents and their children (genetically related), with age-standardized infection intensities of parents alone (not related), within families previously demonstrated to exhibit familial predisposition. The lack of a consistent trend in infection intensity associations within families, in particular the lack of a stronger association between parents and their children than between unrelated parents, suggests that host genetic factors are not a major determinant of infection status. If there is a genetic basis for predisposition, then the data suggest that the effects of this genetic basis are overwhelmed by other, environmental or behavioural features of the family household.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Responses to Paramyosin Predict Resistance to Reinfection with Schistosoma japonicum and Are Attenuated by IgG4

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 2051-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Jiz ◽  
Jennifer F. Friedman ◽  
Tjalling Leenstra ◽  
Blanca Jarilla ◽  
Archie Pablo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Schistosomiasis Japonica ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Igg Antibody

ABSTRACT Schistosomiasis remains a public health concern in developing countries, and rapid reinfection fostered by continued exposure to contaminated water sources necessitates a vaccine to augment current mass treatment-based control strategies. We report isotype-specific (immunoglobulin A [IgA], IgE, IgG1, IgG4, and IgG) antibody responses to soluble worm antigen preparation and the recombinant vaccine candidates rSj97, rSj67, and rSj22 from a Schistosoma japonicum-infected cohort in Leyte, the Philippines, where schistosomiasis is endemic. Sera were collected from infected individuals 1 month posttreatment with praziquantel, and antibody responses were measured using a bead-based multiplex platform. Reinfection was monitored by stool sampling every 3 months, and data up to 1 year were included in the analysis (n = 553). In repeated-measures models, individuals with detectible IgE responses to rSj97 had a 26% lower intensity of reinfection at 12 months posttreatment compared to nonresponders after adjusting for age, gender, village, exposure, pretreatment infection intensity, and clustering by household (P = 0.018). In contrast, IgG4 responses to rSj97 as well as rSj67 and rSj22 were associated with markedly increased reinfection intensity. When stratified by IgG4 and IgE responder status, individuals with IgE but not IgG4 responses to rSj97 (n = 16) had a 77% lower intensity of reinfection at 12 months compared to individuals with IgG4 responses but not IgE responses (n = 274), even after adjusting for potential confounders (P = 0.016). Together with our previously described protective cytokine responses, these data further support paramyosin as a leading vaccine candidate for human schistosomiasis japonica and underscore the importance of careful adjuvant selection to avoid the generation of blocking IgG4 antibody responses.

Antibody isotype responses to antigens of Ascaris lumbricoides in a case-control study of persistently heavily infected Bangladeshi children

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Palmer ◽  
A. Hall ◽  
R. Haque ◽  
K. S. Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Antibody Isotype ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYAntibody responses to Ascaris lumbricoides worm antigens were examined by ELISA in a case-control study of 2 groups of Bangladeshi children, one of which had been shown over a period of 12 months to be consistently lightly infected (controls) and the other consistently heavily infected (cases). The children showed a wide range in intensity of infection; children identified as cases were on average 4 times more heavily infected than the controls. There were no significant differences in weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference and skinfold thickness between the case or control subjects at the time blood samples for analyses by ELISA were collected. Children with repeatedly heavy infections with A. lumbricoides had higher concentrations of antibody isotypes to the antigens of A. lumbricoides than children who are repeatedly lightly infected. IgG1, IgG4 and IgE to worm antigens occurred in significantly higher concentrations in heavily infected subjects. This suggests that these antibody responses simply reflect the intensity of infection and may not play a significant role in protecting against heavy infections.

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