Inactivation of hepatitis A virus by heat and high hydrostatic pressure: variation among laboratory strains

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shimasaki ◽  
T. Kiyohara ◽  
A. Totsuka ◽  
K. Nojima ◽  
Y. Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Pressure Variation

scholarly journals High-Pressure Inactivation of Hepatitis A Virus within Oysters

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Calci ◽  
Gloria K. Meade ◽  
Robert C. Tezloff ◽  
David H. Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Temperature Range

ABSTRACT Previous results demonstrated that hepatitis A virus (HAV) could be inactivated by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) (D. H. Kingsley, D. Hoover, E. Papafragkou, and G. P. Richards, J. Food Prot. 65:1605-1609, 2002); however, direct evaluation of HAV inactivation within contaminated oysters was not performed. In this study, we report confirmation that HAV within contaminated shellfish is inactivated by HHP. Shellfish were initially contaminated with HAV by using a flowthrough system. PFU reductions of >1, >2, and >3 log10 were observed for 1-min treatments at 350, 375, and 400 megapascals, respectively, within a temperature range of 8.7 to 10.3�C. Bioconcentration of nearly 6 log10 PFU of HAV per oyster was achieved under simulated natural conditions. These results suggest that HHP treatment of raw shellfish will be a viable strategy for the reduction of infectious HAV.

Inactivation of Hepatitis A Virus and a Calicivirus by High Hydrostatic Pressure†

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1605-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID H. KINGSLEY ◽  
DALLAS G. HOOVER ◽  
EFI PAPAFRAGKOU ◽  
GARY P. RICHARDS
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Norwalk Virus ◽  
Rnase Protection ◽  
Infectious Dose

Potential application of high hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) as a method for virus inactivation was evaluated. A 7-log10 PFU/ml hepatitis A virus (HAV) stock, in tissue culture medium, was reduced to nondetectable levels after exposure to more than 450 MPa of pressure for 5 min. Titers of HAV were reduced in a time- and pressure-dependent manner between 300 and 450 MPa. In contrast, poliovirus titer was unaffected by a 5-min treatment at 600 MPa. Dilution of HAV in seawater increased the pressure resistance of HAV, suggesting a protective effect of salts on virus inactivation. RNase protection experiments indicated that viral capsids may remain intact during pressure treatment, suggesting that inactivation was due to subtle alterations of viral capsid proteins. A 7-log10 tissue culture infectious dose for 50% of the cultures per ml of feline calicivirus, a Norwalk virus surrogate, was completely inactivated after 5-min treatments with 275 MPa or more. These data show that HAV and a Norwalk virus surrogate can be inactivated by HPP and suggest that HPP may be capable of rendering potentially contaminated raw shellfish free of infectious viruses.

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of the Behavior of Hepatitis A Virus Exposed to High Hydrostatic Pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (20) ◽  
pp. 6499-6505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía D'Andrea ◽  
Francisco J. Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
M. Isabel Costafreda ◽  
Nerea Beguiristain ◽  
Cristina Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Fold Axis ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Virucidal Effect ◽  
Ph Dependent

ABSTRACTFood-borne hepatitis A outbreaks may be prevented by subjecting foods at risk of virus contamination to moderate treatments of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). A pretreatment promoting hepatitis A virus (HAV) capsid-folding changes enhances the virucidal effect of HHP, indicating that its efficacy depends on capsid conformation. HAV populations enriched in immature capsids (125S provirions) are more resistant to HHP, suggesting that mature capsids (150S virions) are more susceptible to this treatment. In addition, the monoclonal antibody (MAb) K24F2 epitope contained in the immunodominant site is a key factor for the resistance to HHP. Changes in capsid folding inducing a loss of recognition by MAb K24F2 render more susceptible conformations independently of the origin of such changes. Accordingly, codon usage-associated folding changes and changes stimulated by pH-dependent breathings, provided they confer a loss of recognition by MAb K24F2, induce a higher susceptibility to HHP. In conclusion, the resistance of HAV to HHP treatments may be explained by a low proportion of 150S particles combined with a good accessibility of the epitope contained in the immunodominant site close to the 5-fold axis.

Application of solid-phase immune electron microscopy to study physical and stability characteristics of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Charles D. Humphrey ◽  
E. H. Cook ◽  
Karen A. McCaustland ◽  
Daniel W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy

Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH) is a type of hepatitis which is increasingly becoming a significant world health concern. As with hepatitis A virus (HAV), spread is by the fecal-oral mode of transmission. Until recently, the etiologic agent had not been isolated and identified. We have succeeded in the isolation and preliminary characterization of this virus and demonstrating that this agent can cause hepatic disease and seroconversion in experimental primates. Our characterization of this virus was facilitated by immune (IEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopic (SPIEM) methodologies.Many immune electron microscopy methodologies have been used for morphological identification and characterization of viruses. We have previously reported a highly effective solid phase immune electron microscopy procedure which facilitated identification of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in crude cell culture extracts. More recently we have reported utilization of the method for identification of an etiologic agent responsible for (ET-NANBH).

Hepatitis A Antigen in Liver, Bile and Stool

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
D.R. Jackson ◽  
J.H. Hoofnagle ◽  
A.N. Schulman ◽  
J.L. Dienstag ◽  
R.H. Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Type A ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Ag Particles ◽  
Ag Particle ◽  
Human Stool

Using immune electron microscopy Feinstone et. al. demonstrated the presence of a 27 nm virus-like particle in acute-phase stools of patients with viral hepatitis, type A, These hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) particles were aggregated by convalescent serum from patients with type A hepatitis but not by pre-infection serum. Subsequently Dienstag et. al. and Maynard et. al. produced acute hepatitis in chimpanzees by inoculation with human stool containing HA Ag. During the early acute disease, virus like particles antigenically, morphologically and biophysically identical to the human HA Ag particle were found in chimpanzee stool. Recently Hilleman et. al. have described similar particles in liver and serum of marmosets infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV). We have investigated liver, bile and stool from chimpanzees and marmosets experimentally infected with HAV. In an initial study, a chimpanzee (no.785) inoculated with HA Ag-containing stool developed elevated liver enzymes 21 days after exposure.

Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
C.D. Humphrey ◽  
T.L. Cromeans ◽  
E.H. Cook ◽  
D.W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

“In vitro” and in Animal Model Studies on a Double Virus- Inactivated Factor VIII Concentrate

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (03) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Arrighi ◽  
Roberta Rossi ◽  
Maria Giuseppina Borri ◽  
Vladimir Lesnikov ◽  
Marina Lesnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Heat Treated

SummaryTo improve the safety of plasma derived factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate, we introduced a final super heat treatment (100° C for 30 min) as additional virus inactivation step applied to a lyophilized, highly purified FVIII concentrate (100 IU/mg of proteins) already virus inactivated using the solvent/detergent (SID) method during the manufacturing process.The efficiency of the super heat treatment was demonstrated in inactivating two non-lipid enveloped viruses (Hepatitis A virus and Poliovirus 1). The loss of FVIII procoagulant activity during the super heat treatment was of about 15%, estimated both by clotting and chromogenic assays. No substantial changes were observed in physical, biochemical and immunological characteristics of the heat treated FVIII concentrate in comparison with those of the FVIII before heat treatment.

Survival of mouse blastocysts after low-temperature preservation under high pressure

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cs. Pribenszky ◽  
M. Molnár ◽  
S. Cseh ◽  
L. Solti
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Survival Capacity

Cryoinjuries are almost inevitable during the freezing of embryos. The present study examines the possibility of using high hydrostatic pressure to reduce substantially the freezing point of the embryo-holding solution, in order to preserve embryos at subzero temperatures, thus avoiding all the disadvantages of freezing. The pressure of 210 MPa lowers the phase transition temperature of water to -21°C. According to the results of this study, embryos can survive in high hydrostatic pressure environment at room temperature; the time embryos spend under pressure without significant loss in their survival could be lengthened by gradual decompression. Pressurisation at 0°C significantly reduced the survival capacity of the embryos; gradual decompression had no beneficial effect on survival at that stage. Based on the findings, the use of the phenomena is not applicable in this form, since pressure and low temperature together proved to be lethal to the embryos in these experiments. The application of hydrostatic pressure in embryo cryopreservation requires more detailed research, although the experience gained in this study can be applied usefully in different circumstances.

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