Significance Testing in Psychological Research: Some Persisting Issues

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Estes
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Alternative Procedures ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Replication Of Experiments ◽  
Scientific Associations

Empirical surveys show that reports of significance tests appear in the vast majority of articles in psychological research journals and are relied on by both investigators and journal reviewers when making decisions about replication of experiments and submission and acceptance of research reports Evaluation of claims by critics that significance testing is, nonetheless, counterproductive yields suggestions for improvements of prevailing practices, but also the recommendation that decisions about significance testing versus alternative procedures should remain the province of the individual investigator, unconstrained by mandates or prohibitions by publishers or officials of scientific associations The prime focus for efforts toward improvement of research design and data analysis in psychology and other behavioral sciences should be upgrading the mathematical and general scientific preparation of students preparing for research careers in these fields

Reconnecting data analysis and research design: Who needs a confidence interval?

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew F. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Research Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Research Findings

Chow illustrates the important role played by significance testing in the evaluation of research findings. Statistics and the goals of research should be treated as both interrelated and separate parts of the research evaluation process – a message that will benefit all who read Chow's book. The arguments are especially pertinent to the debate over the relative merits of confidence intervals and significance tests.

scholarly journals The New Statistics for applied linguistics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Gerben Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
New Statistics ◽  
Summary Data

Abstract The New Statistics is an approach to scholarly research which offers an alternative to the problematic overreliance on significance testing currently plaguing the research literature. This paper describes the problems associated with significance testing and introduces the key concepts of the data-analysis that best fits with the goals of the New Statistics: estimation of effect sizes and confidence intervals. These concepts will be applied in a reanalysis of the summary data from an article that was recently published in this journal. This makes it possible to compare the estimation approach advocated by the New Statistics to the standard significance tests and to discuss potential drawbacks of this approach as a means of gathering quantitative evidence in support of our substantive hypotheses.

Statistics without probability: Significance testing as typicality and exchangeability in data analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-226
Author(s):  
John R. Vokey
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Significance Tests

Statistical significance is almost universally equated with the attribution to some population of nonchance influences as the source of structure in the data. But statistical significance can be divorced from both parameter estimation and probability as, instead, a statement about the atypicality or lack of exchangeability over some distinction of the data relative to some set. From this perspective, the criticisms of significance tests evaporate.

Bending Our Ethics Code

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Hilbig ◽  
Isabel Thielmann ◽  
Robert Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Ethics Codes ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Ethics Code ◽  
Alternative Procedures ◽  
Scientific Associations

Abstract. Deception of research participants has long been and remains a hot-button issue in the behavioral sciences. At the same time, the field of psychology is fortunate to have an ethics code to rely on in determining whether and how to use and report on deception of participants. Despite ongoing normative controversies, the smallest common denominator among psychologists is that deception ought to be a last resort – to be used only when there is no other defensible way to study a question or phenomenon. Going beyond previous normative discussions or inquiries into the mere prevalence of deception, we ask the fundamental question whether common practice is compatible with this interpretation of our field’s ethical standards. Findings from an empirical literature review – focusing on the feasibility of nondeceptive alternative procedures and the presence of explicit justifications for the use of deception – demonstrate that there is a notable gap between the last resort interpretation of our ethical standards and common practice in psychological research. The findings are discussed with the aim of identifying viable ways in which researchers, journal editors, and the scientific associations crafting our ethics codes may narrow this gap.

On the Individual

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
School Psychologist ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

A description of two cases from my time as a school psychologist in the middle of the 1950s forms the background to the following question: Has anything important happened since then in psychological research to help us to a better understanding of how and why individuals think, feel, act, and react as they do in real life and how they develop over time? The studies serve as a background for some general propositions about the nature of the phenomena that concerns us in developmental research, for a summary description of the developments in psychological research over the last 40 years as I see them, and for some suggestions about future directions.

Schmerztherapie nach thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Holger Hendrix ◽  
Vladimir Kamlak ◽  
Georgi Prisadov ◽  
Katrin Welcker
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Surgery ◽  
Pain Therapy ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Thoracic Surgical Procedures ◽  
Therapeutic Algorithm ◽  
Alternative Procedures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Documentation Form

The treatment of pain after thoracic surgery is a challenge and takes place in the individual clinics mostly according to clinic internal standards. It exists no currently valid S3 guideline for the treatment of acute perioperative and posttraumatic pain. For an effective pain treatment as well individual pain experience as the pain intensity of the various thoracic surgical procedures must be considered. Regular pain assessment with appropriate methods and their documentation form the basis for adequate and adapted pain therapy.There are a number of different pain therapy methods, non-medicamentous and drug-based methods, whose effectiveness is described in the literature partially different. For the treatment of acute postoperative pain after thoracic surgery, mainly drug-related procedures are used, except for physiotherapy as a non-medicamentous method. Increasingly, alternative procedures for the peridural catheter as a therapeutic gold standard in the treatment of pain after thoracic surgery are used. Their application can be integrated into a therapeutic algorithm.

PELAKSANAAN SUPERVISI AKADEMIK PENGAWAS SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA DUMAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Asniarny Asniarny
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Elementary School Teachers ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Teacher Performance ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Planning Implementation ◽  
The City

This research is motivated by poor teacher performance. For this reason the aim of this research is to improve teacher performance by carrying out academic supervision. This study uses a school action research design that has stages of planning, implementation, observation, reflection. This research was conducted at the target schools in Dumai city from March 4 to April 27. The subjects of this study were grade IV elementary school teachers totaling 11 people. Data analysis instruments use observation sheets that are analyzed and described according to the criteria set. The results showed that the teacher's performance in the first cycle had an average percentage of 65% with sufficient criteria, classically the number of teachers who achieved the indicator of success was 3 people (27%). After repairs with academic supervision, the performance of teachers in the second cycle increased with a percentage of 81% with sufficient criteria. Classically the number of teachers who achieved good performance was 9 people (81%). The conclusion of this study is the implementation of academic supervision can improve the performance of elementary school teachers in the city of Dumai.

ГЕРМЕНЕВТИКА ЛИЧНОСТИ КАК МЕТОД СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ПЕРСОНОЛОГИИ

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Елена Старовойтенко
Keyword(s):  
Text Setting ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Textual Representations ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Continuum

Персонологическая интерпретация текстов предполагает реализацию общенаучных, а также специфических для персонологии, герменевтических установок, к которым относятся: установка на интерпретацию текста как исследование, установка на разнообразие герменевтических действий с текстом, установка на выявление неисследованных содержаний текста, установка на творческое постижение тайн текста, установка на целостное отношение к личности и "Я" автора текста, установка на выявление способности автора быть "практикующим феноменологом", установка на определение места изучаемого текста в континууме текстовых репрезентаций "личности", установка на соотнесение своего понимания текста с другими интерпретациями и их интеграцию, установка на раскрытие сущности авторской "идеи личности", возможное только в единстве интерпретаций, установка на построение и применение герменевтической модели, определяющей процедуру интерпретации как исследования и творчества, установка на определение места проделанного герменевтического поиска в культуре познания и жизни личности, установка на интерпретацию различных видов "текстов личности". Personological interpretation of texts suggests the implementation of the general scientific and also hermeneutical settings specific for Personology which include the setting of the interpretation of the text as a research, setting of a variety of hermeneutical actions with the text, setting to identify unexplored contents of the text, setting of the creative comprehension of the mysteries of the text, setting of the integrity of the attitude of the individual and the "I" of the author of the text, setting to reveal the author's ability to be "practicing phenomenologist", setting of the definition of the place in the text in the continuum of textual representations of the "personality", setting in the correlation of the understanding of the text with other interpretations and their integration, setting of the disclosure of the author's "ideas person" is possible only in the unity of interpretation, setting of the construction and usage of hermeneutical models defining the procedure for the interpretation of both studies and work, the setting to determine the place of hermeneutical research in culture and knowledge of a person's life, setting of the interpretation of various types of "texts of the individual."

Major Causes of Child Labour Among School Childern in the Kete-Krachi District

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-172
Author(s):  
Patrick Yeyie
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
School Children ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Education Data ◽  
Large Families ◽  
The Government

In Ghana, about 20% of school children are involved in some form of child labor. In the Oti Region of Ghana, the Kete-Krachi district has the highest prevalence rate of about 39% compared to 33.2% for the whole region. This paper investigates the major causes of child labor among School children in the Kete-Krachi district of the Oti Region. The study examined 145 respondents through questionnaire and interviews. The research design for the study was both quantitative and qualitative. The respondents comprised 60 JHS social studies teachers, 60 Victims of child labor, 15 parents or guardians of the victims of child labor and 10 stakeholders of education. Data analysis showed that 67% of the victims were from large families of five or more. It was found out that some of the victims worked to contribute to their own welfare. Others worked due to poverty. Some victims also work to promote their education. It was also observed that teachers, opinion leaders, NGOs and the Government should help in the eradication of the menace in Kete-Krachi area.

Design and Analysis for Quantitative Research in Music Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Miksza ◽  
Kenneth Elpus
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Music Education ◽  
General Education ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Design Type ◽  
To Come ◽  
Analytical Approaches

This book is an introduction to quantitative research design and data analysis presented in the context of music education scholarship. The book aims for readers to come away with a familiarity of prototypical research design possibilities as well as a fundamental understanding of data analysis techniques necessary for carrying out scientific inquiry. The book includes examples that demonstrate how the methodological and statistical concepts presented throughout can be applied to pertinent issues in music education. For the majority of Part I, the strategy is to present traditional design categories side by side with explanations of general analytical approaches for dealing with data yielded from each respective design type. Part II consists of chapters devoted to methodological and analytical approaches that have become common in related fields (e.g., psychology, sociology, general education research, educational policy) but are as yet not frequently exploited by music education researchers. Ultimately, this work is motivated by a desire to help scholars acquire the means to actualize their research curiosities and to contribute to the advancement of rigor in music education research throughout the profession at large.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document