Classification of Climate-Change-Induced Stresses on Biological Diversity

Abstract. Integrated studies on the interplay between soils, periglacial geomorphology and plant communities are crucial for the understanding of climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems of maritime Antarctica, one of the most sensitive areas to global warming. Knowledge on physical environmental factors that influence plant communities can greatly benefit studies on the monitoring of climate change in maritime Antarctica, where new ice-free areas are being constantly exposed, allowing plant growth and organic carbon inputs. The relationship between topography, plant communities and soils was investigated on Potter Peninsula, King George Island, maritime Antarctica. We mapped the occurrence and distribution of plant communities and identified soil–landform–vegetation relationships. The vegetation map was obtained by classification of a QuickBird image, coupled with detailed landform and characterization of 18 soil profiles. The sub-formations were identified and classified, and we also determined the total elemental composition of lichens, mosses and grasses. Plant communities on Potter Peninsula occupy 23% of the ice-free area, at different landscape positions, showing decreasing diversity and biomass from the coastal zone to inland areas where sub-desert conditions prevail. There is a clear dependency between landform and vegetated soils. Soils that have greater moisture or are poorly drained, and with acid to neutral pH, are favourable for moss sub-formations. Saline, organic-matter-rich ornithogenic soils of former penguin rookeries have greater biomass and diversity, with mixed associations of mosses and grasses, while stable felsenmeers and flat rocky cryoplanation surfaces are the preferred sites for Usnea and Himantormia lugubris lichens at the highest surface. Lichens sub-formations cover the largest vegetated area, showing varying associations with mosses.

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A protocol for an intercomparison of biodiversity and ecosystem services models using harmonized land-use and climate scenarios

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-11-4537-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 4537-4562 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

HyeJin Kim ◽

Isabel M. D. Rosa ◽

Rob Alkemade ◽

Paul Leadley ◽

George Hurtt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Use ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Multiple Scales ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

Second Phase ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

Wide Range ◽

Global Impacts

Abstract. To support the assessments of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the IPBES Expert Group on Scenarios and Models is carrying out an intercomparison of biodiversity and ecosystem services models using harmonized scenarios (BES-SIM). The goals of BES-SIM are (1) to project the global impacts of land-use and climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem services (i.e., nature's contributions to people) over the coming decades, compared to the 20th century, using a set of common metrics at multiple scales, and (2) to identify model uncertainties and research gaps through the comparisons of projected biodiversity and ecosystem services across models. BES-SIM uses three scenarios combining specific Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) – SSP1xRCP2.6, SSP3xRCP6.0, SSP5xRCP8.6 – to explore a wide range of land-use change and climate change futures. This paper describes the rationale for scenario selection, the process of harmonizing input data for land use, based on the second phase of the Land Use Harmonization Project (LUH2), and climate, the biodiversity and ecosystem services models used, the core simulations carried out, the harmonization of the model output metrics, and the treatment of uncertainty. The results of this collaborative modeling project will support the ongoing global assessment of IPBES, strengthen ties between IPBES and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and modeling processes, advise the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) on its development of a post-2020 strategic plans and conservation goals, and inform the development of a new generation of nature-centred scenarios.

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A Classification of Landuse using time series analysis of Kota Tinggi District ,Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences ◽

10.31580/apss.v4i1.582 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 61-63

Author(s):

Alhaji Mustapha Isa

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Thematic Mapper ◽

Present Condition ◽

Landsat Images ◽

The Past ◽

Global Environmental ◽

Multi Temporal ◽

Ground Truthing ◽

Confusion Matrices

Deforestation and climate change have become global environmental issues. The detection of forest changes in association with climate change can be successfully carried out by the use of multi-temporal remote sensing and modelling. This study undertook analysis of the past and present condition of the forest from the pattern changes of the Kota tinggi district johor state Malaysia, using landsat images of three different periods. These are thematic mapper (TM) data of 1998; enhanced thematic mapper (ETM+) image of 2008 and the operation land imager (OLI) of 2018 were collectively used. The images were geometrically and atmospherically pre-processed then classified, using maximum likelihood (M/C) algorithm to produce thematic land use/cover maps of the district. The accuracy of the classification was assessed through ground truthing and confusion matrices which revealed an accuracy of above 90% and kappa coefficient at 0.9 respectively.

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200th anniversary of the discovery of Antarctica: a breakthrough in scientific research is needed

Contemporary Europe ◽

10.15211/soveurope72020227237 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 227-237

Author(s):

Valery Zhuravel ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

The Arctic ◽

National Interests ◽

Interstate Cooperation ◽

200Th Anniversary ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

Global Problems ◽

The Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the 200th anniversary of the discovery of Antarctica under the guidance of 2nd rank captain F. Bellingshausen and lieutenant M. Lazarev. Analyzing the peculiarities of Antarctica, the author notes that this is one of а few regions of our planet, the resources and territory of which are used by various states jointly and exclusively for peaceful purposes for the benefit of science. The article analyzes in detail the celebration of this anniversary in Russia and foreign countries, while paying special attention to the thematic focus of socio-political and scientific events. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the region by Russia and the European States. Interstate cooperation between countries in Antarctica is aimed at finding effective solutions to global problems facing humanity, such as environmental pollution, climate change and its consequences, and the loss of components of biological diversity. It is concluded that despite the fact that Antarctica is traditionally one of the strategic regions for ensuring the national interests and security of our state, the Russian Federation in its state policy in comparison with the Arctic, does not always respond promptly to the existing challenges, does not pay enough attention to improving the research base and living conditions of polar explorers, which negatively affects Russia's positions in Antarctica.

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Voluntary Climate Change Mitigation Actions of Young Adults: A Classification of Mitigators through Latent Class Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0102072 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e102072 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Essi A. E. Korkala ◽

Timo T. Hugg ◽

Jouni J. K. Jaakkola

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Young Adults ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Latent Class ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Change Mitigation

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Structure, Diversity, and Carbon Stocks of the Tree Community of Kumasi, Ghana

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9090519 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 519 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Bertrand Nero ◽

Daniel Callo-Concha ◽

Manfred Denich

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Species Richness ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Urban Forestry ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Structure Diversity

Urban forestry has the potential to address many urban environmental and sustainability challenges. Yet in Africa, urban forest characterization and its potential to contribute to human wellbeing are often neglected or restrained. This paper describes the structure, diversity, and composition of an urban forest and its potential to store carbon as a means of climate change mitigation and adaptation in Kumasi. The vegetation inventory included a survey of 470,100-m2 plots based on a stratified random sampling technique and six streets ranging from 50 m to 1 km. A total of 3757 trees, comprising 176 species and 46 families, were enumerated. Tree abundance and species richness were left skewed and unimodally distributed based on diameter at breast height (DBH). Trees in the diameter classes >60 cm together had the lowest species richness (17%) and abundance (9%), yet contributed more than 50% of the total carbon stored in trees within the city. Overall, about 1.2 million tonnes of carbon is captured in aboveground components of trees in Kumasi, with a mean of 228 t C ha−1. Tree density, DBH, height, basal area, aboveground carbon storage, and species richness were significantly different among green spaces (p < 0.05). The diversity was also significantly different among urban zones (p < 0.0005). The DBH distribution of trees followed a modified reverse J-shaped model. The urban forest structure and composition is quite unique. The practice of urban forestry has the potential to conserve biological diversity and combat climate change. The introduction of policies and actions to support the expansion of urban forest cover and diversity is widely encouraged.

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IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE GROWTH RATE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN THE LENINGRAD REGION

Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya ◽

10.52002/0130-2906-2021-5-99-112 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 99-112

Author(s):

M. V. Klyueva ◽

◽

I. M. Shkol’nik ◽

Yu. L. Rudakova ◽

T. V. Pavlova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

System A ◽

Return Levels ◽

Main Geophysical Observatory

Return levels of the major climatic stressors affecting the level of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the Leningrad region are evaluated. Based on data from 26 ob-serving stations located in 18 municipal units, a cluster analysis has been carried out allowing for classification of the territory according to the degree of influence of climatic conditions on the pathology of cardiovascular system. A projection of future changes in the selected climate indica-tors for the mid and end of the XXI century is conducted. The projection is based on the ensem-ble of climate change simulations using the Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory regional cli-mate model under the IPCC RCP8.5 scenario. It has been shown that the main future threats due to the changing climate are associated with an increase in mortality from cardiovascular diseases connected with the projected increase in the intensity of the heat waves. The relevancy to take into account climate warming when it comes to developing a strategy for combating cardiovascu-lar diseases in municipal units is emphasized.

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BAIKAL REGION IN THE UNESCO “MAN AND BIOCPHERE” PROGRAMME

Problems of Geography ◽

10.24057/probl.geogr.152.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

V.M. PLYUSNIN ◽

◽

I.N. VLADIMIROV ◽

A.A. SOROKOVOI

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Baikal Region ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Well Being ◽

Resource Exploitation ◽

Biosphere Reserves ◽

Climate Change Research ◽

Territorial Planning ◽

Heritage Site ◽

Natural Resource Exploitation

The main objective of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program is to ensure a balance between the responsibility of humankind to preserve nature and its biological diversity and the need of natural resource exploitation by human being to improve the social and economic well-being of people. Biosphere reserves are recommended as representative objects for the conservation of biological diversity and, in general, ecological systems. The world network of Biosphere reserves in 2020 included 714 Biosphere reserves in 129 countries, in Russia there are 46 of them. They also act as models for achieving the goals and objectives of sustainable development of territories. The tasks include research related to climate change and the response of natural processes to these changes, implementation of space and cartographic monitoring of nature, educational activities and activities aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change. Research on the relationship between man and the biosphere in the Baikal region was carried out with an integrated environmentally oriented planning and use of lands, water and biological resources. For the Lake Baikal World Natural Heritage Site, we have carried out territorial planning and zoning, as well as determined the ecological potential of the landscapes of the Baikal natural territory.

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Climate Conditions and Biodiversity Decline

10.4018/978-1-6684-3686-8.ch036 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 748-763

Author(s):

Ashok K. Rathoure ◽

Unnati Rajendrakumar Patel

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climatic Change ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Fragile Environment ◽

Impact On Biodiversity ◽

The Impact

Many studies in recent years have investigated the effects of climate change on the future of biodiversity. In this chapter, the authors first examined the different possible effects of climate change that can operate at individual, population, species, community, ecosystem, notably showing that species can respond to climate challenges by shifting their climatic change. Climate change is one of the most important global environmental challenges that affect all the natural ecosystems of the world. Due to the fragile environment, mountain ecosystems are the most vulnerable to the impact of climate change. Climatic change will affect vegetation, humans, animals, and ecosystem that will impact on biodiversity. Mountains have been recognized as important ecosystems by the Convention on Biological Diversity. Climate change will not only threaten the biodiversity, but also affect the socio-economic condition of the indigenous people of the state. Various activities like habitat loss, deforestation, and exploitation amplify the impact of climate change on biodiversity.

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