Predictors for Negative Attitudes toward Subjects with Epilepsy: A Representative Survey in the General Public in Austria

Epilepsia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Spatt ◽  
Gerhard Bauer ◽  
Christoph Baumgartner ◽  
Martha Feucht ◽  
Martin Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Negative Attitudes

Gay Marriage Affiliation and Location in Return of Lost Letters: Reply to Waugh, Plake, and Rienzi (2000)

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 316-318
Author(s):  
F. Stephen Bridges
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Gay Marriage ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Previous Conclusion

Reinspection of Waugh, Plake, and Rienzi's 2000 data allowed for several additional analyses. Statistical confirmation was found for no more negative attitudes toward gay marriage as measured by returned responses among churchgoers than among the general public. Confirmation was also found for their previous conclusion that the putative gay marriage controversy among Christian church attendees would be greater than among the general public, but for reasons different from those they proposed. Finally, it is argued that the limitations for the lost letter technique in “prohibiting fine distinctions” is not always correct because their analysis of one research question seemed not too subtle a distinction for the technique.

Untrustworthy News and the Media as “Enemy of the People?” How a Populist Worldview Shapes Recipients’ Attitudes toward the Media

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayla Fawzi
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Commercial Media ◽  
The People ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
The Media

A common feature among populist parties and movements is their negative perspective on the media’s role in society. This paper analyzes whether citizens with a populist worldview also hold negative attitudes toward the media. From a theoretical point of view, the paper shows that both the anti-elite, anti-outgroup and people centrism dimension of populism contradicts the normative expectations toward the media. For instance, the assumption of a homogeneous people and the exclusion of a societal outgroup is incompatible with a pluralistic media coverage. The results of a representative survey in Germany predominantly confirmed a relation between a populist worldview and negative media attitudes. However, the three populism dimensions influenced the evaluations not in a consistent way. A systematic relation could only be found for antielite populism, which is negatively associated with all analyzed media evaluations such as media trust or satisfaction with the media’s performance. This indicates that in a populist worldview, the media are perceived as part of a detached elite that neglects the citizens’ interests. However, the results confirm the assumption of a natural ally between populism and tabloid or commercial media. Individuals with people centrist and anti-outgroup attitudes have higher trust in these media outlets.

HOW RACIAL ATTITUDES AND IDEOLOGY AFFECT POLITICAL RIGHTS FOR FELONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Wilson ◽  
Michael Leo Owens ◽  
Darren W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Collateral Consequences ◽  
Felon Disenfranchisement ◽  
Racial Resentment ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractThis research examines the extent to which negative attitudes toward African Americans influence public reactions to restoring political rights to felons. We argue that race-neutral policies, such as felon disenfranchisement laws, are non-separable from racial considerations, as images of criminals and felons are typically associated with Blacks. Such attitudes produce collateral consequences for felons, hampering the restoration of their full political rights and, ultimately, their citizenship. Predispositions, such as racial attitudes and political ideology, provide both racial and nonracial justifications for supporting these laws, yet, there are no empirical accounts of their relational effects on opinion toward felons’ rights. Using nationally representative survey data, we find that racialized resentment and ideology exert the most influence on the reactions to policies seeking political rights for felons as well as beliefs about the value of doing so. Consistent with much of the literature on attitudes toward ameliorative racial policies, higher levels of racial resentment strongly predict lower support for felons’ political rights among both conservatives and liberals, yet, racial resentment is most influential among liberals. Conservatives exhibit the highest levels of racial resentment, but its impact is depressed more by agreement on both racial attitudes and opposition to political rights of felons.

Political Self-Understanding, Cultural Openness and Public Attitudes Towards Immigrants in Western Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Theodoros Iosifides ◽  
Thanasis Kizos
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
General Public ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Western Greece ◽  
Cultural Openness

The aim of this article is to present research findings from a study of public attitudes towards immigrants in the region of Western Greece (the vast majority of them from Balkan countries). Positive and negative attitudes towards immigrants in the region are correlated with political self-understanding (across the left-right spectrum) and cultural openness as reflected in attitudes towards different languages and religions and towards intercultural communication between immigrants and locals. The findings suggest that the degree of cultural openness is indeed related to the orientation of general public attitudes towards immigrants and that political self-understanding across the left-right spectrum remains relevant for explaining these attitudes. The study nevertheless found that there is only limited willingness to develop close social relationships with Balkan immigrants and that the degree of such willingness is not significantly correlated either with cultural openness or with political self-understanding. 

The Education Iron Triangle

The Forum ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin R. West ◽  
Michael Henderson ◽  
Paul E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
General Public ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reform School ◽  
Iron Triangle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Democrats And Republicans

Do teachers and the public disagree on education reform? We use data from a nationally representative survey conducted in 2011 to identify the extent of the differences between the opinion of teachers and the general public on a wide range of education policies. The overall cleavage between teachers and the general public is wider than the cleavages between other relevant groups, including that between Democrats and Republicans. At least with respect to patterns of opinion on education reform, school politics is largely a conflict between producers within the system and consumers outside it – a classic iron triangle theme.

scholarly journals Intergroup Contact and Negative Attitudes Towards Immigrants Among Youth in Sweden: Individual and Contextual Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beint Magnus Aamodt Bentsen
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
School Level ◽  
Contact Theory ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Intergroup Contact Theory ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractNegative attitudes towards out-groups have been of academic interest for many years — and even more so with the increased levels of migration to European countries in recent years. Building on insights from intergroup contact theory, this paper seeks to extend our knowledge of the association between contact and negative attitudes toward immigrants among youth in Sweden. Multiple regression analysis and fixed effects models are used to analyze a large, high-quality dataset on Swedish adolescents based on representative survey information, complemented with extensive registry data and official statistics. Our objective is to measure contact on different levels in order to better understand the importance of these different contact variables’ associations with negative attitudes. The results of the analysis indicate that high-quality contact in the form of friendship is associated with a reduction in negative attitudes among Swedish adolescents, even after controlling for background variables. Superficial forms of contact — measured on the school level — are, on the other hand, associated with an increase in negative attitudes.

scholarly journals The processing and evaluation of news content on social media is influenced by peer-user commentary

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnout B. Boot ◽  
Katinka Dijkstra ◽  
Rolf A. Zwaan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
General Public ◽  
Online News ◽  
Negativity Bias ◽  
Online Experiment ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
News Content ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
Persuasive Effect

AbstractContemporary news often spreads via social media. This study investigated whether the processing and evaluation of online news content can be influenced by Likes and peer-user comments. An online experiment was designed, using a custom-built website that resembled Facebook, to explore how Likes, positive comments, negative comments, or a combination of positive and negative comments would affect the reader’s processing of news content. The results showed that especially negative comments affected the readers’ personal opinions about the news content, even in combination with other positive comments: They (1) induced more negative attitudes, (2) lowered intent to share it, (3) reduced agreement with conveyed ideas, (4) lowered perceived attitude of the general public, and (5) decreased the credibility of the content. Against expectations, the presence of Likes did not affect the readers, irrespective of the news content. An important consideration is that, while the negative comments were persuasive, they comprised subjective, emotive, and fallacious rhetoric. Finally, negativity bias, the perception of expert authority, and cognitive heuristics are discussed as potential explanations for the persuasive effect of negative comments.

scholarly journals For and against Organ Donation and Transplantation: Intricate Facilitators and Barriers in Organ Donation Perceived by German Nurses and Doctors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Christian Hvidt ◽  
Beate Mayr ◽  
Piret Paal ◽  
Eckhard Frick ◽  
Anna Forsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Public ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
The University

Background.Significant facilitators and barriers to organ donation and transplantation remain in the general public and even in health professionals. Negative attitudes of HPs have been identified as the most significant barrier to actual ODT. The purpose of this paper was hence to investigate to what extent HPs (physicians and nurses) experience such facilitators and barriers in ODT and to what extent they are intercorrelated. We thus combined single causes to circumscribed factors of respective barriers and facilitators and analyzed them for differences regarding profession, gender, spiritual/religious self-categorization, and self-estimated knowledge of ODT and their mutual interaction.Methods.By the use of questionnaires we investigated intricate facilitators and barriers to organ donation experienced by HPs (n=175; 73% nurses, 27% physicians) in around ten wards at the University Hospital of Munich.Results.Our study confirms a general high agreement with the importance of ODT. Nevertheless, we identified both facilitators and barriers in the following fields: (1) knowledge of ODT and willingness to donate own organs, (2) ethical delicacies in ODT, (3) stressors to handle ODT in the hospital, and (4) individual beliefs and self-estimated religion/spirituality.Conclusion.Attention to the intricacy of stressors and barriers in HPs continues to be a high priority focus for the availability of donor organs.

scholarly journals Public Perception of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Care: Content Analysis of Social Media (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqing Gao ◽  
Lingnan He ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Kaisheng Lai
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
General Public ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Public

BACKGROUND High-quality medical resources are in high demand worldwide, and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical care may help alleviate the crisis related to this shortage. The development of the medical AI industry depends to a certain extent on whether industry experts have a comprehensive understanding of the public’s views on medical AI. Currently, the opinions of the general public on this matter remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to explore the public perception of AI in medical care through a content analysis of social media data, including specific topics that the public is concerned about; public attitudes toward AI in medical care and the reasons for them; and public opinion on whether AI can replace human doctors. METHODS Through an application programming interface, we collected a data set from the Sina Weibo platform comprising more than 16 million users throughout China by crawling all public posts from January to December 2017. Based on this data set, we identified 2315 posts related to AI in medical care and classified them through content analysis. RESULTS Among the 2315 identified posts, we found three types of AI topics discussed on the platform: (1) technology and application (n=987, 42.63%), (2) industry development (n=706, 30.50%), and (3) impact on society (n=622, 26.87%). Out of 956 posts where public attitudes were expressed, 59.4% (n=568), 34.4% (n=329), and 6.2% (n=59) of the posts expressed positive, neutral, and negative attitudes, respectively. The immaturity of AI technology (27/59, 46%) and a distrust of related companies (n=15, 25%) were the two main reasons for the negative attitudes. Across 200 posts that mentioned public attitudes toward replacing human doctors with AI, 47.5% (n=95) and 32.5% (n=65) of the posts expressed that AI would completely or partially replace human doctors, respectively. In comparison, 20.0% (n=40) of the posts expressed that AI would not replace human doctors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that people are most concerned about AI technology and applications. Generally, the majority of people held positive attitudes and believed that AI doctors would completely or partially replace human ones. Compared with previous studies on medical doctors, the general public has a more positive attitude toward medical AI. Lack of trust in AI and the absence of the humanistic care factor are essential reasons why some people still have a negative attitude toward medical AI. We suggest that practitioners may need to pay more attention to promoting the credibility of technology companies and meeting patients’ emotional needs instead of focusing merely on technical issues.

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