Gay Marriage Affiliation and Location in Return of Lost Letters: Reply to Waugh, Plake, and Rienzi (2000)

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 316-318
Author(s):  
F. Stephen Bridges
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Gay Marriage ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Previous Conclusion

Reinspection of Waugh, Plake, and Rienzi's 2000 data allowed for several additional analyses. Statistical confirmation was found for no more negative attitudes toward gay marriage as measured by returned responses among churchgoers than among the general public. Confirmation was also found for their previous conclusion that the putative gay marriage controversy among Christian church attendees would be greater than among the general public, but for reasons different from those they proposed. Finally, it is argued that the limitations for the lost letter technique in “prohibiting fine distinctions” is not always correct because their analysis of one research question seemed not too subtle a distinction for the technique.

Assessing Attitudes toward Gay Marriage among Selected Christian Groups Using the Lost-Letter Technique

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Morales Waugh ◽  
Edmund V. Plake ◽  
Beth Menees Rienzi
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Gay Marriage ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Controversial Topic

100 each envelopes were distributed to Christian church parking lots and general public parking lots Letters were addressed to either the “Gay Marriage Foundation” or to a neutral organization. Significantly more neutral letters ( n = 75) were returned than “Gay Marriage Foundation” letters ( n = 36) from both types of locations, but no differences were found for return rates. Gay marriage may be a controversial topic for people in this area of California. The limitations of the lost-letter technique prohibit fine distinctions; however, one may infer attitudes toward gay marriage may not be more negative among Christian church attendees than in the general public.

Beyond social relationships: Investigating positive and negative attitudes towards violent protest within the same social movement

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
Matteo Vergani ◽  
Greg Barton ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Political Views

Social relationships play a vitally important role in enabling political mobilization because they link people into networks of trusted others and they provide a sense of belonging, affirmation and sense of purpose. It is much less clear, however, why some individuals who are socially connected with individuals with positive attitudes towards violence, and who experience the same structural conditions, do not themselves have the same attitudes. This article investigates this research question by presenting original data from two networks of individuals with positive and negative attitudes towards violence in Italy, exploring the factors that might explain why some individuals reject violent protest despite having crucial bonds (i.e. friendship, kinship or romantic relationship) with individuals who have positive attitudes towards violence and despite belonging to the same social movement. The findings suggest that individuals with positive attitudes towards violence tend to have narrower and less sophisticated political views, are less professionally engaged, and are more driven by the search for meaning in life than individuals who reject violence.

Political Self-Understanding, Cultural Openness and Public Attitudes Towards Immigrants in Western Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Theodoros Iosifides ◽  
Thanasis Kizos
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
General Public ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Western Greece ◽  
Cultural Openness

The aim of this article is to present research findings from a study of public attitudes towards immigrants in the region of Western Greece (the vast majority of them from Balkan countries). Positive and negative attitudes towards immigrants in the region are correlated with political self-understanding (across the left-right spectrum) and cultural openness as reflected in attitudes towards different languages and religions and towards intercultural communication between immigrants and locals. The findings suggest that the degree of cultural openness is indeed related to the orientation of general public attitudes towards immigrants and that political self-understanding across the left-right spectrum remains relevant for explaining these attitudes. The study nevertheless found that there is only limited willingness to develop close social relationships with Balkan immigrants and that the degree of such willingness is not significantly correlated either with cultural openness or with political self-understanding. 

scholarly journals The processing and evaluation of news content on social media is influenced by peer-user commentary

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnout B. Boot ◽  
Katinka Dijkstra ◽  
Rolf A. Zwaan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
General Public ◽  
Online News ◽  
Negativity Bias ◽  
Online Experiment ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
News Content ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
Persuasive Effect

AbstractContemporary news often spreads via social media. This study investigated whether the processing and evaluation of online news content can be influenced by Likes and peer-user comments. An online experiment was designed, using a custom-built website that resembled Facebook, to explore how Likes, positive comments, negative comments, or a combination of positive and negative comments would affect the reader’s processing of news content. The results showed that especially negative comments affected the readers’ personal opinions about the news content, even in combination with other positive comments: They (1) induced more negative attitudes, (2) lowered intent to share it, (3) reduced agreement with conveyed ideas, (4) lowered perceived attitude of the general public, and (5) decreased the credibility of the content. Against expectations, the presence of Likes did not affect the readers, irrespective of the news content. An important consideration is that, while the negative comments were persuasive, they comprised subjective, emotive, and fallacious rhetoric. Finally, negativity bias, the perception of expert authority, and cognitive heuristics are discussed as potential explanations for the persuasive effect of negative comments.

Predictors for Negative Attitudes toward Subjects with Epilepsy: A Representative Survey in the General Public in Austria

Epilepsia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Spatt ◽  
Gerhard Bauer ◽  
Christoph Baumgartner ◽  
Martha Feucht ◽  
Martin Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Negative Attitudes

scholarly journals For and against Organ Donation and Transplantation: Intricate Facilitators and Barriers in Organ Donation Perceived by German Nurses and Doctors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Christian Hvidt ◽  
Beate Mayr ◽  
Piret Paal ◽  
Eckhard Frick ◽  
Anna Forsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Public ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
The University

Background.Significant facilitators and barriers to organ donation and transplantation remain in the general public and even in health professionals. Negative attitudes of HPs have been identified as the most significant barrier to actual ODT. The purpose of this paper was hence to investigate to what extent HPs (physicians and nurses) experience such facilitators and barriers in ODT and to what extent they are intercorrelated. We thus combined single causes to circumscribed factors of respective barriers and facilitators and analyzed them for differences regarding profession, gender, spiritual/religious self-categorization, and self-estimated knowledge of ODT and their mutual interaction.Methods.By the use of questionnaires we investigated intricate facilitators and barriers to organ donation experienced by HPs (n=175; 73% nurses, 27% physicians) in around ten wards at the University Hospital of Munich.Results.Our study confirms a general high agreement with the importance of ODT. Nevertheless, we identified both facilitators and barriers in the following fields: (1) knowledge of ODT and willingness to donate own organs, (2) ethical delicacies in ODT, (3) stressors to handle ODT in the hospital, and (4) individual beliefs and self-estimated religion/spirituality.Conclusion.Attention to the intricacy of stressors and barriers in HPs continues to be a high priority focus for the availability of donor organs.

scholarly journals Professional Identity and the Determinants of Fundraisers’ Charitable Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-706
Author(s):  
Genevieve G. Shaker ◽  
Patrick M. Rooney ◽  
Jonathan Bergdoll ◽  
Sarah K. Nathan ◽  
Eugene R. Tempel
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
General Public ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Charitable Behavior ◽  
Professional Norms ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Selection Of

This survey-based study ( n = 1,663) addressed charitable behaviors of fundraisers—key arbiters of others’ donations. Our research question was as follows: Are fundraisers’ charitable behaviors related to their professional identity? We found several anticipated differences in giving and volunteering behaviors (and their social determinants) in comparison with the general public and the influence of some fundraising-specific variables. Nearly all the fundraisers gave time and money and were more like one another than the public. On average, they gave more money and donated a higher salary share than the typical household. They volunteered at a higher rate and, excluding outliers, more hours than the average American. We contend that fundraiser charitable behavior and professional identity are interwoven. The professional norms regarding personal philanthropy may also be influenced through the self-selection of the inherently philanthropic into fundraising. Future research should examine formation of fundraiser professional identity and its outcomes more broadly.

scholarly journals Sistem Informasi Klinik GKI Raya Hankam Berbasis Desktop

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Albertus Dimas Pratomo ◽  
Ridha Sefina Samosir ◽  
Erwin Syah Rani
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
General Public ◽  
Clinical Information System ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Service Facility ◽  
Data Record

GKI Raya Hankam Clinic is a health service facility owned by Indonesian Christian Church. GKI Raya Hankam Clinic aims to serve health for the general public who have health problems. The purpose of this research is to build and implement a clinical information system GKI Raya Hankam based on desktop. Researcher used prototyping methods to develop systems. In research generated by information system clinic of GKI Raya Hankam based on desktop can help patient data storage, drug data, record transactions and print receipt or payment transactions. This system can also help search patient data and drugs if the user wants to find the required data. The existence of this clinical information system, clinic of GKI Raya Hankam can easily meet the needs and manage patient data, medicine and payment.

scholarly journals Public Perception of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Care: Content Analysis of Social Media (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqing Gao ◽  
Lingnan He ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Kaisheng Lai
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
General Public ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Public

BACKGROUND High-quality medical resources are in high demand worldwide, and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical care may help alleviate the crisis related to this shortage. The development of the medical AI industry depends to a certain extent on whether industry experts have a comprehensive understanding of the public’s views on medical AI. Currently, the opinions of the general public on this matter remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to explore the public perception of AI in medical care through a content analysis of social media data, including specific topics that the public is concerned about; public attitudes toward AI in medical care and the reasons for them; and public opinion on whether AI can replace human doctors. METHODS Through an application programming interface, we collected a data set from the Sina Weibo platform comprising more than 16 million users throughout China by crawling all public posts from January to December 2017. Based on this data set, we identified 2315 posts related to AI in medical care and classified them through content analysis. RESULTS Among the 2315 identified posts, we found three types of AI topics discussed on the platform: (1) technology and application (n=987, 42.63%), (2) industry development (n=706, 30.50%), and (3) impact on society (n=622, 26.87%). Out of 956 posts where public attitudes were expressed, 59.4% (n=568), 34.4% (n=329), and 6.2% (n=59) of the posts expressed positive, neutral, and negative attitudes, respectively. The immaturity of AI technology (27/59, 46%) and a distrust of related companies (n=15, 25%) were the two main reasons for the negative attitudes. Across 200 posts that mentioned public attitudes toward replacing human doctors with AI, 47.5% (n=95) and 32.5% (n=65) of the posts expressed that AI would completely or partially replace human doctors, respectively. In comparison, 20.0% (n=40) of the posts expressed that AI would not replace human doctors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that people are most concerned about AI technology and applications. Generally, the majority of people held positive attitudes and believed that AI doctors would completely or partially replace human ones. Compared with previous studies on medical doctors, the general public has a more positive attitude toward medical AI. Lack of trust in AI and the absence of the humanistic care factor are essential reasons why some people still have a negative attitude toward medical AI. We suggest that practitioners may need to pay more attention to promoting the credibility of technology companies and meeting patients’ emotional needs instead of focusing merely on technical issues.

scholarly journals When research is me-search: How researchers’ motivation to pursue a topic affects laypeople’s trust in science

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253911
Author(s):  
Marlene Sophie Altenmüller ◽  
Leonie Lucia Lange ◽  
Mario Gollwitzer
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Specific Research Question ◽  
Personal Interests ◽  
Quality Of Research

Research is often fueled by researchers’ scientific, but also their personal interests: Sometimes, researchers decide to pursue a specific research question because the answer to that question is idiosyncratically relevant for themselves: Such “me-search” may not only affect the quality of research, but also how it is perceived by the general public. In two studies (N = 621), we investigate the circumstances under which learning about a researcher’s “me-search” increases or decreases laypeople’s ascriptions of trustworthiness and credibility to the respective researcher. Results suggest that participants’ own preexisting attitudes towards the research topic moderate the effects of “me-search” substantially: When participants hold favorable attitudes towards the research topic (i.e., LGBTQ or veganism), “me-searchers” were perceived as more trustworthy and their research was perceived as more credible. This pattern was reversed when participants held unfavorable attitudes towards the research topic. Study 2 furthermore shows that trustworthiness and credibility perceptions generalize to evaluations of the entire field of research. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

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