The neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A review and consideration of clinical implications

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Tallis
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Autogenous and Reactive Obsessions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Keyness and Collocation Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Kim
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Research Recommendations

This study explored the subjective experiences of individuals with autogenousand reactive forms of obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Past studieshave found greater levels of shame, stigma, and concealment for thoseexperiencing lesser-known forms of OCD, particularly those that deal with sexualthemes. This study looked at what words most differentiated (i.e, keynessanalysis) these subtypes. In addition, the word networks (i.e., collocates) of thewords that most differentiated the subtypes were examined. The keywords“sexual” and “POCD” had the strongest keyness in the autogenous corpus.Contamination and checking had the strongest keyness in the reactive corpus.The collocates of the node words in the autogenous corpus show a focus on theintrusive thoughts themselves, whereas the collocates in the reactive corpus focuson performing compulsions such as checking. Limitations, clinical implications,and future research recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 374 (1766) ◽  
pp. 20180128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Isles ◽  
Catharine A. Winstanley ◽  
Trevor Humby
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Impulsive Behaviour ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives

Our willingness to take risks, our ability to wait or the speed with which to make decisions are central features of our personality. However, it is now recognized that impulsive and risk-taking behaviours are not a unitary construct, and different aspects can be both psychologically and neurally dissociated. The range of neurochemicals and brain systems that govern these behaviours is extensive, and this may be a contributing factor to the phenotypic range seen in the human population. However, this variety can also be pathological as extremes in risk-taking and impulsive behaviours are characteristics of many neuropsychiatric and indeed neurodegenerative disorders. This spans obsessive–compulsive disorder, where behaviour becomes ridged and non-spontaneous, to the nonsensical risk-taking seen in gambling and drug taking. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications'.

Fusion or Confusion in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieron O'Connor ◽  
Frederick Aardema
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Beliefs ◽  
Inferential Confusion ◽  
Recurrent Nature ◽  
As If

Inferential confusion occurs when a person mistakes an imagined possibility for a real probability and might account for some types of thought-action and other fusions reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Inferential confusion could account for the ego-dystonic nature of obsessions and their recurrent nature, since the person acts “as if” an imagined aversive inference is probable and tries unsuccessfully to modify this imaginary probability in reality. The clinical implications of the inferential confusion model focus primarily on the role of the imagination in obsessive-compulsive disorder rather than on cognitive beliefs.

scholarly journals Use of specialist services for obsessive–compulsive and body dysmorphic disorders across England

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne M. Drummond ◽  
Naomi A. Fineberg ◽  
Isobel Heyman ◽  
David Veale ◽  
Edmond Jessop
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Discussion Forum ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorders ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Specialist Services

Aims and methodIn April 2007, the National Specialist Commissioning Team of the Department of Health commissioned a group of services to provide treatment to patients with the most severe and profound obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). We decided to examine the usage of these services across England 4–5 years after the start of the new funding arrangements. This survey used data about patients treated in the financial year 2011–2012.ResultsDespite the services offering intensive home-based as well as residential and in-patient services, there was a greater proportion of referrals from London, the South East of England and counties closer to London.Clinical implicationsIt is important that all patients, regardless of where they live, have access to highly specialist services for OCD and BDD. We discuss potential ways of improving this access but we hope this paper will act as a discussion forum whereby we can receive feedback from others.

What is the relevance of Boyer & Lienard's model for psychosocial treatments?

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-621
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Huppert ◽  
Shawn P. Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Psychosocial Treatments ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Differences Of Opinion

Boyer & Lienard's (B&L's) model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) rituals does not completely conform to our clinical experience with patients, and the clinical implications of their model is not described by the authors. We discuss potential differences of opinion regarding both the nature of OCD and the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of symptoms, and how emotional processing theories can account for treatment effects.

The Menace Within: Obsessions and the Self

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Aardema ◽  
Kieron O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
The Self ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rhetorical Devices ◽  
Theoretical Account ◽  
Current Article

The current article attempts to provide a theoretical account of obsessions about blasphemy, sexuality, and aggression from an inference-based perspective. It is argued that self-evaluative and self-representational dimensions in obsessions need to be taken into account to allow for the misrepresentation of mental states. A persuasive narrative containing rhetorical devices informs the misrepresentation of mental states and gives credibility to the obsession. These narrative devices seem to originate from a distrust of the self where the person overinvests in a sense of self-as-could-be rather than a sense of self-as-is, which consequently gives rise to a discordance between the person and the obsession (i.e., egodystonicity). The article concludes with some theoretical and clinical implications for cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Neuroimaging in OCD: Clinical Implications

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (S1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

AbstractAn overview is provided regarding neuroimaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The author emphasizes convergent research results across various experimental paradigms and their implications for neurobiological models of OCD. The article concludes with an outline of future considerations that highlights emerging concepts and techniques. This work was intended to serve as a concise summary of the field, and thus to provide a springboard for discussion about this topic at the upcoming International Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Conference.

scholarly journals Specialised in-patient treatment for severe, chronic, resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne M. Drummond ◽  
Anusha Pillay ◽  
Peter Kolb ◽  
Shashi Rani
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Mean

Aims and MethodA naturalistic study was conducted to examine the outcome on self-report and observer-rated measures in patients with severe, chronic, resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) admitted to a specialised in-patient unit.ResultsTwenty-six patients were admitted over the study period. The mean age of all patients was 37 years (s.d.=13.8, range 18–61 years) and they had a mean duration of OCD of 18.4 years (s.d.=10.9, range 4–40 years). Instruments measuring severity demonstrated a 37–67% reduction in obsessive–compulsive symptoms and a 64% reduction in depressive symptoms after an average of almost 15 weeks in hospital.Clinical ImplicationsThis study demonstrates that specialised in-patient care can benefit a small group of severely ill patients with OCD who fail to respond to treatment in primary and secondary care.

scholarly journals Service innovations

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-189
Author(s):  
U. Chowdhury ◽  
C. Caulfield ◽  
I. Heyman
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Young People ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Age Range

Aims and MethodYoung people attending the Maudsley obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) children's clinic had expressed an interest in meeting other similar young people with OCD. A group was set up comprising 6-weekly sessions focusing on psycho-education and support.ResultsSeven young people (mean age: 14 years 4 months; age range: 11 years 11 months to 16 years 6 months) took part. Feedback questionnaires showed that all the participants found the group helpful and enjoy-able. They felt less isolated and more confident about dealing with OCD.Clinical ImplicationsEstablishment of groups may be a valuable way of increasing awareness and knowledge on aspects of OCD, as well as providing much-needed psycho-social support to patients.

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