Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus flavus on Spodoptera litura

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kaur ◽  
P. Chadha ◽  
S. Kaur ◽  
A. Kaur ◽  
R. Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects

scholarly journals Sustainable Biosynthesis of Antioxidants from Koji Rice Fermented with Aspergillus flavus Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Hassan Hadi Mehdi Al Rubaiy ◽  
Ammar Altemimi ◽  
Ali Khudair Jaber Al Rikabi ◽  
Naoufal Lakhssassi ◽  
Anubhav Pratap-Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

The present study proposes microwave-assisted extraction as a sustainable technique for the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds from rice fermented with Aspergillus flavus (koji). First, fermentation conditions (i.e., pH from 3–12, five temperatures from 20–40 °C, and four culture-fermentation media viz. wheat, wheat bran, malt and rice) were optimized for producing microbial bioactive compounds. Microwave extraction was performed at 2450 MHz and 500 W for 20, 30, and 40 s with seven solvents (distilled water, ethyl acetate, hexane, ethanol, chloroform, diethyl ether, and methanol). The obtained results revealed that ethyl acetate is the most appropriate solvent for extraction. Effects of this ethyl acetate extract were compared with a commercial synthetic antioxidant. Antioxidant properties were enhanced by preventing the oxidation of the linoleic acid (C18H32O2) with an inhibition rate (antioxidant efficacy) of 73.13%. Notably, the ferrous ion binding ability was marginally lower when compared to the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Additionally, the obtained total content of phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of fermented rice (koji) by Aspergillus flavus was 232.11 mg based on gallic acid/mL. Antioxidant compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of fermented rice showed stability under neutral conditions, as well as at high temperatures reaching 185 °C during 2 h, but were unstable under acidic and alkaline conditions. The results demonstrate the efficacy of novel microwave-assisted extraction technique for accelerating antioxidant production during rice fermentation.

scholarly journals In vitro anti-oxidant and cytotoxic analysis of Pogostemon mollis Benth

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth George ◽  
Muniyandi Kasipandi ◽  
Mudili Vekataramana ◽  
Kalagatur Naveen Kumar ◽  
Joseph Anthuvan Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Radical Damage

<p class="Abstract">In the present study, the anti-oxidant and cytotoxic effects of the different solvent extracts of <em>Pogostemon mollis</em> were analysed. The phenolic, tannin and flavonoid contents were highest in the ethyl acetate extract and analogous to the antioxidant activity results. The extracts showed activities similar to the standard antioxidants. The extent to which the extracts protect free radical damage on DNA was evaluated and showed good genoprotective effects. Bacterial cells and fungal spores and hyphae showed visible damages due to the treatment of ethyl acetate extract. Finally in the cytotoxic analysis, IC<sub>50</sub> value was calculated based on the absorbance value of different concentrations. It concluded that <em>P. mollis</em> is a prospective candidate for the various therapeutic applications especially its ethyl acetate extract.</p><p> </p>

Insecticidal Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Indonesian Mangrove Fungus Emericella nidulans BPPTCC 6038 on Spodoptera litura

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
SILVA ABRAHAM ◽  
◽  
ADI BASUKRIADI ◽  
SUYANTO PAWIROHARSONO ◽  
WELLYZAR SJAMSURIDZAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Emericella Nidulans ◽  
Insecticidal Activities

Schizophyllum commune induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Pooja Chadha ◽  
Sanehdeep Kaur ◽  
Amarjeet Kaur ◽  
Rajvir Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes

Abstract Background: In a search for the mechanism of action of an endophytic fungus Schizophyllum commune against Spodoptera litura, the effect of its ethyl acetate extract was judged on antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes as well as on morphology of haemocytes. Results: Ethyl acetate extract of S.commune was administrated to the larvae of S.litura using artificial diet method having concentration 276.54µg/ml (LC50 of fungus). The effect on antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione-S-Transferase) was observed using haemolymph and midgut of insect larvae for different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96). In additionally, haemocytes morphology was also studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after 96hr. In particular, to resist the toxicity, the activities of the antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione-S-Transferase) significantly (p≤0.05) increased in both the tissues of treated larvae as compared to control. The exposed group revealed various deformities in haemocytes of S.litura like breakage in the cell membrane, cytoplasmic leakage and appearance of strumae etc. Conclusion: This study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing potential and immunosuppressant nature of S.commune against S.litura and elucidates the patterns of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes activities and changes in haemocytes in the susceptible larvae.

Ethyl Acetate Extract of the Stem Bark of Cudrania Tricuspidata Induces Apoptosis in Human Leukemia HL-60 Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Gil Seo ◽  
Hyun-Ock Pae ◽  
Gi-Su Oh ◽  
Kyu-Yun Chai ◽  
Young-Gab Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Cudrania Tricuspidata ◽  
Effective Compound ◽  
Cells Cultured

Apoptosis is now widely accepted as playing a role in tumorigenesis. An effective compound which can kill tumors via apoptonic pathway appears to be a relevant strategy to suppress various human tumors. The ethyl acetate extract from the stem bark of Cudrania tricupidata (EACT) showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects on human leukemia HL-60 cells. DNA fragmentation and morphological changes, accompanied by condensed and fragmented nuclei, were observed in the cells cultured for 6 hr with EACT. These results suggest that the cytotoxicity of the crude extract from Cudrania tricuspidata against HL-60 cells is due to apoptosis.

Aspergillus Flavus Induced Oxidative Stress and Immunosuppressive Activity in Spodoptera Litura As Well As Safety for Mammals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Pooja Chadha ◽  
Sanehdeep Kaur ◽  
Amarjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract In an attempt to find toxicity of Aspergillus flavus in insects, Spodoptera litura was treated with A.flavus ethyl acetate extract and toxicity was assessed by analyzing the effect of fungal extract on antioxidant and cellular immune defense. In antioxidant defense, the lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde content) and antioxidant enzymes activities (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase) were examined. In cellular immune defense, effect of A. flavus extract was analyzed on haemocytes using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Ethyl acetate extract of A. flavus was administrated to the larvae of S.litura using artificial diet method having concentration 1340.84µg/ml (LC50 of fungus). The effect was observed using haemolymph of insect larvae for different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96). In particular, Malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzymes activities were found to be significantly (p≤0.05) increased in treated larvae as compared to control. A. flavus ethyl acetate extract also exhibit negative impact on haemocytes having major role in cellular immune defense. Various deformities were observed in different haemocytes like cytoplasmic leakage and surface abnormalities etc. Furthermore, mammalian toxicity was analyzed with respect to DNA damage induced in treated rat relative to control. Genotoxicity on rat was assessed using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney) by comet assay. Non-significant effect of A. flavus extract was found in all the tissues (blood, liver, and kidney). Overall the study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing potential and immunosuppressant nature of A. flavus against S. litura and its non toxicity to mammals (rat).

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