scholarly journals How increased job demand affects nurses' task mastery and deviance in the pandemic era

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyi Zhou ◽  
Ke‐fu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Job Demand ◽  
Task Mastery

Psychosoziale Merkmale der Arbeit, Überforderungserleben und Depressivität

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Rösler ◽  
Ute Stephan ◽  
Katja Hoffmann ◽  
Katja Morling ◽  
Anett Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Demand ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Reward Imbalance ◽  
Demand Control

Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte die im Job-Demand-Control-Support-Modell und Effort-Reward-Imbalance-Modell beschriebenen Tätigkeitsmerkmale in Bezug auf Depressivität in einer Stichprobe von 265 Erwerbstätigen. Anhand konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalysen wurden Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede beider Modelle geprüft. Anschließend wurde die Bedeutung der nachweisbaren Tätigkeitsmerkmale für die Vorhersage von Depressivität getestet und untersucht, inwieweit die Effekte durch Überforderungserleben mediiert werden. Die Analysen zeigten, dass die Modelle sowohl gemeinsame (Arbeitsintensität bzw. berufliche Anforderungen) als auch distinkte Arbeitsmerkmale (Tätigkeitsspielraum, Arbeitsplatzsicherheit, beruflicher Status, soziale Anerkennung) erfassen. Hohe Arbeitsintensität, geringe Arbeitsplatzsicherheit und fehlende soziale Anerkennung standen in signifikantem Zusammenhang mit Depressivität. Anders als erwartet war der berufliche Status positiv mit Depressivität assoziiert, während für den Tätigkeitsspielraum keine signifikanten Effekte nachweisbar waren. Das Pfadmodell bestätigte sowohl direkte als auch durch Überforderungserleben vermittelte Zusammenhänge zwischen den Tätigkeitsmerkmalen und Depressivität (39 % Varianzaufklärung). Die Ergebnisse bieten eine Grundlage für die Identifizierung potenzieller Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten depressiver Symptome am Arbeitsplatz.

Relationship of Sense of Coherence to Other Psychosocial Indices

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Holmberg ◽  
Anders Thelin ◽  
Eva-Lena Stiernström
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
The Mean

Summary: The concept of “sense of coherence” (SOC) has been widely recognized since it was first introduced by Antonovsky. The originality and usefulness of the SOC scale and its relation to other psychosocial measures has been the subject of lively debate. The aim of this paper was to test for associations between SOC and work-related psychosocial factors (mainly the Job Demand-Control model), general living conditions, education, and social network factors. Cross-sectional data from a population-based sample of 1782 rural males from nine counties in Sweden were analyzed with a multiple regression technique. The subjects were occupationally active at inclusion and the mean age was 50 years (range 40-60). SOC was assessed with the original 29-item questionnaire. Psychosocial variables and lifestyle factors were assessed using questionnaires and structured interviews. The mean SOC among the subjects was 152.3 (standard deviation, 19.4). A strong negative correlation was found between SOC and job demand, whereas a positive correlation with job control was demonstrated. A positive correlation with general living conditions and with social support was also found. However, there was no correlation to education and occupation. Thus, SOC was shown to be strongly correlated to work-related psychosocial factors and social support, but independent of sociodemographic factors.

Experiences of job demand and control: A study of first line managers in for-profit psychiatric and addiction care

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Linda Widar ◽  
Erika Wall ◽  
Sven Svensson
Keyword(s):  
First Line ◽  
Line Managers ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
Organizational Position ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Line Manager ◽  
Addiction Care ◽  
And Control ◽  
Demand Control

BACKGROUND: The complex position of a first line manager is characterized by heavy workload and contradictory demands. Little is known about how first line managers experience demand and control in their work. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore experiences of demand and control among first line managers within psychiatric and addiction care. METHOD: In the present study, interviews with ten managers in for-profit psychiatric and addiction care in Sweden were analyzed with a phenomenographic approach. RESULTS: The managers experiences of demand and control implied varied and extensive responsibilities for a wide range of professions; regulation by organizational, economic, and political frameworks; creating balance in their work; and handling the emergence and consequences of acute crisis. These experiences of demand and control involved high and contradictory demands together with coexisting high and low levels of control. Many of their work characteristics could be described in terms of both demand and control. CONSLUSION: The first line managers experiences of demand and control are more complex than implied by the job demand control theory. Our results suggest that the organizational position and branch should be considered when identifying health hazards in the work environment of first line managers.

Factors contributing to burnout among perfusionists in the United States

Perfusion ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Bui ◽  
A Hodge ◽  
A Shackelford ◽  
J Acsell
Keyword(s):  
Stress Level ◽  
Employee Turnover ◽  
Electronic Mail ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Professional Burnout ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
As Stress

Introduction: As the job climate continues to change, many perfusionists are faced with high employee turnover rates, working longer hours, and increased stress related to more complex surgeries. Understanding the sources of professional burnout and stress may allow the formulation of a strategy to help prevent such negative outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the current level of stress and burnout among perfusionists. Methods: A questionnaire was constructed with the use of SurveyMonkey®. Invitations requesting participation in the survey were distributed by electronic mail to members of PerfList and PerfMail. To assess burnout, components of the well-established Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) tool were used. Results: At p<0.05, job demand variables such as stress level, conflict, call duties, hours worked, and case load were all shown to have a statistically significant relationship to burnout. Conclusion: The study found that, among the various factors, job demands were the most likely culprit contributing to burnout. Stress level and conflict, in particular, had the strongest association to burnout.

scholarly journals Job demand, control and social support as predictors of trajectories of depressive symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Rajaleid ◽  
M Jansson-Fröjmark ◽  
H Westerlund ◽  
L Magnusson Hanson ◽  
J Ålin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
Demand Control

Translating Expertise across Work Contexts: U.S. Puppeteers Move from Stage to Screen

2021 ◽  
pp. 000312242098719
Author(s):  
Michel Anteby ◽  
Audrey L. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Key Currency ◽  
Task Mastery ◽  
Work Contexts

Expertise is a key currency in today’s knowledge economy. Yet as experts increasingly move across work contexts, how expertise translates across contexts is less well understood. Here, we examine how a shift in context—which reorders the relative attention experts pay to distinct types of audiences—redefines what it means to be an expert. Our study’s setting is an established expertise in the creative industry: puppet manipulation. Through an examination of U.S. puppeteers’ move from stage to screen (i.e., film and television), we show that, although the two settings call on mostly similar techniques, puppeteers on stage ground their claims to expertise in a dialogue with spectators and view expertise as achieving believability; by contrast, puppeteers on screen invoke the need to deliver on cue when dealing with producers, directors, and co-workers and view expertise as achieving task mastery. When moving between stage and screen, puppeteers therefore prioritize the needs of certain audiences over others’ and gradually reshape their own views of expertise. Our findings embed the nature of expertise in experts’ ordering of types of audiences to attend to and provide insights for explaining how expertise can shift and become co-opted by workplaces.

scholarly journals Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on effort during a working-memory task

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Framorando ◽  
Tianlan Cai ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Alan J. Pegna
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Anodal Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Systolic Time ◽  
Task Mastery

AbstractTranscranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has shown that stimulation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) facilitates task performance in working-memory tasks. However, little is known about its potential effects on effort. This study examined whether tDCS affects effort during a working-memory task. Participants received anodal, cathodal and sham stimulation over DLPFC across three sessions before carrying out a 2-back task. During the task, effort-related cardiovascular measures were recorded—especially the Initial Systolic Time Interval (ISTI). Results showed that anodal stimulation produced a shorter ISTI, indicating a greater effort compared to cathodal and sham conditions, where effort was lower. These findings demonstrate that anodal stimulation helps participants to maintain engagement in a highly demanding task (by increasing task mastery), without which they would otherwise disengage. This study is the first to show that tDCS impacts the extent of effort engaged by individuals during a difficult task.

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