scholarly journals New attempts to improve in vitro diagnosis of contact allergy are still far from regular clinical practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1627-1627
Author(s):  
M. Gonçalo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Contact Allergy ◽  
In Vitro Diagnosis

scholarly journals In vitro diagnosis of allergy: how to interpret IgE antibody results in clinical practice

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Ahlstedt ◽  
Clare S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Ige Antibody ◽  
In Vitro Diagnosis

Follicular fluid and assisted reproductive technology programs outcomes (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Anna G. Burduli ◽  
Natalia A. Kitsilovskaya ◽  
Yuliya V. Sukhova ◽  
Irina A. Vedikhina ◽  
Tatiana Y. Ivanets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Art Programs ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Established Fact

The review presents data on metabolites in the follicular fluid (FF) from the perspective of reproductive medicine and their use in order to predict outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs. It considers various components of this biological medium (hormones, lipids, melatonin, etc.) with an assessment of their predictive value in prognosis of the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs. The data on experimental directions in this field and the prospects for their use in clinical practice are presented. The article emphasizes that the growing clinical need and the unsolved problem of increasing the effectiveness of ART programs determine the need for further studies of the FF composition. Materials and methods. The review includes data related to this topic from foreign and Russian articles found in PubMed which were published in recent years. Results. Given the established fact of a direct effect of FF composition on growth and maturation of oocytes, and further, on the fertilization process, various FF metabolites are actively investigated as non-invasive markers of quality of oocytes/embryos. The article provides data on the experimental directions in this field and the prospects for their use in clinical practice. However, clinical studies of a relation between various FF metabolites levels and outcomes of IVF programs are contradictory. Conclusion. Owing large economic cost for treatment of infertility with IVF, there is need for expansion and intensification of studies to identify and use reliable predictors in prognosis of ART programs outcomes.

The end of the laboratory developed test as we know it? Recommendations from a national multidisciplinary taskforce of laboratory specialists on the interpretation of the IVDR and its complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. D. Bank ◽  
Leo H. J. Jacobs ◽  
Sjoerd A. A. van den Berg ◽  
Hanneke W. M. van Deutekom ◽  
Dörte Hamann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe in vitro diagnostic medical devices regulation (IVDR) will take effect in May 2022. This regulation has a large impact on both the manufacturers of in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVD) and clinical laboratories. For clinical laboratories, the IVDR poses restrictions on the use of laboratory developed tests (LDTs). To provide a uniform interpretation of the IVDR for colleagues in clinical practice, the IVDR Task Force was created by the scientific societies of laboratory specialties in the Netherlands. A guidance document with explanations and interpretations of relevant passages of the IVDR was drafted to help laboratories prepare for the impact of this new legislation. Feedback from interested parties and stakeholders was collected and used to further improve the document. Here we would like to present our approach to our European colleagues and inform them about the impact of the IVDR and, importantly we would like to present potentially useful approaches to fulfill the requirements of the IVDR for LDTs.

Shortening the Application Time of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs to 15 Seconds May Improve the Frequency of Hand Antisepsis Actions in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1430-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Kramer ◽  
Didier Pittet ◽  
Romana Klasinc ◽  
Stefan Krebs ◽  
Torsten Koburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Improve Hand Hygiene ◽  
Independent Observer ◽  
Hand Antisepsis

BACKGROUNDFor alcohol-based hand rubs, the currently recommended application time of 30 seconds is longer than the actual time spent in clinical practice. We investigated whether a shorter application time of 15 seconds is microbiologically safe in neonatal intensive care and may positively influence compliance with the frequency of hand antisepsis actions.METHODSWe conducted in vitro experiments to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of hand rubs within 15 seconds, followed by clinical observations to assess the effect of a shortened hand antisepsis procedure under clinical conditions in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). An independent observer monitored the frequency of hand antisepsis actions during shifts.RESULTSAll tested hand rubs fulfilled the requirement of equal or even significantly higher efficacy within 15 seconds when compared to a reference alcohol propan-2-ol 60% (v/v) within 30 seconds. Microbiologically, reducing the application time to 15 seconds had a similar effect when compared to 30-second hand rubbing, but it resulted in significantly increased frequency of hand antisepsis actions (7.9±4.3 per hour vs 5.8±2.9 per hour; P=.05).CONCLUSIONTime pressure and workload are recognized barriers to compliance. Therefore, reducing the recommended time for hand antisepsis actions, using tested and well-evaluated hand rub formulations, may improve hand hygiene compliance in clinical practice.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1430–1434

The radioallergosorbent test in the in vitro diagnosis of multiple reaginic allergy

1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aas ◽  
S.G.O. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Radioallergosorbent Test ◽  
In Vitro Diagnosis

Εξέλιξη και βελτίωση της τεχνικής βιοψίας βλαστοκύστεων για μοριακές αναλύσεις και εκτίμηση της επιτυχίας εμφύτευσης και εγκυμοσύνης κατά την εξωσωματική γονιμοποίηση σε σχέση με το μοριακό υπόστρωμα

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Γεωργία Κόκκαλη
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Trophectoderm Cells ◽  
Monogenic Diseases ◽  
Blastocyst Biopsy ◽  
Polymerase Chain

IntroductionOne of the most difficult aspects in assisted reproductive technology (ART) is the selection of asuitable embryo for transfer to the patient’s uterus, in order to achieve implantation anddevelopment to term. This study was based on the hypothesis that preimplantation embryosmay have different gene expression profiles that characterize their ability to implant in theuterus and develop to a healthy baby at term.The main aim of this study was to investigate molecular markers associated with developmentalcompetence and successful implantation in ART. The primary aim of the study was to developand optimize a blastocyst biopsy method, suitable for application in clinical practice. Thesecondary aim of the study was to investigate the gene expression of beta Human ChorionicGonadotropin (CGβ) in blastocysts and correlate it with their morphology. Previously to thecurrent study, blastocyst biopsy was not implemented in clinical practice and no prior researchon the existence, quantification and standardization of transcripts of CGβ has been performedin blastocysts.MethodologyThe methodology for trophectoderm cell biopsy from blastocysts was developed and optimizedprimary to be a safe technique for the embryo and secondary to ensure biopsy of a sufficientnumber of cells, in order to allow the application of multiple molecular analyses. The blastocystbiopsy method involved three steps: A., opening of a hole in the zona pellucida using lowfrequency laser, B., blastocyst culture to allow trophectoderm cells to herniate from the holeand C., trophectoderm cell dissection of the blastocyst mass by laser ablation.The methodology for the investigation of CGβ gene expression in blastocysts, included RNAisolation, cDNA synthesis, amplification and quantification of CGβ transcripts. Because CGβ isencoded by a cluster of homologous genes (CGβ1, CGβ2, CGβ3, CGβ5, CGβ7, CGβ8),methodology was designed considering the homology between them into groups (A: CGβ1,CGβ2 and B: CGβ3, CGβ5, CGβ7, CGβ8). For group A, real time polymerase chain reaction (RealTime PCR, RT-PCR) was applied and then transcripts were identified using restriction enzymedigestion. For group B, nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) was used incombination with polymerase chain reaction temperature decreasing hybridization (Touch-downPCR). Following amplification, the products were sequenced (DNA sequencing) for theiridentification.ResultsThe biopsy technique did not appear to impact on the blastocyst’s ability to reform a blastocoelecavity and continue to grow and hatch from the zona pellucida, as it was shown followingfurther in vitro culture. No blastocyst showed signs of morphological damage at the lightmicroscopic level. Blastocyst biopsy was applied in clinical practice in two steps: A., 49 couples undergoing IVF had a biopsy in 153 blastocysts. The implantation rate per blastocysttransferred was 34.3% and lead to 23 full-term pregnancies (46.9%) with 37 babies born. B.,24 couples undergoing IVF for PGD of monogenic diseases had biopsy in 144 blastocysts. Thediagnosis success rate was 93%, the implantation rate per blastocyst transferred was 40% andlead to 11 full-term pregnancies (50%) with 15 term newborns. Then, a randomized pilot studywas conducted with the aim to evaluate and compare the diagnosis and implantation successrates between patients undergoing blastomere biopsy and blastocyst transfer and those havingtrophectoderm biopsy and blastocyst transfer for the diagnosis of monogenic diseases. Theresults showed that the diagnosis success rate was superior in the blastocyst biopsy group,while implantation and pregnancy rates were not statistically significant between the twogroups.For the study of CGβ expression profiles 45 blastocysts were donated to research, of which 39generated trophectoderm cells cDNA libraries. RT-PCR revealed the presence of CGB3, CGB5,CGB7, CGB8 transcripts in 5 blastocysts. The transcripts CGB5, CGB7, CGB8 were expressed inone hatched and one hatching blastocysts (fair morphology on day 7 post insemination) and thetranscript CGβ3 was expressed in three hatched blastocysts (excellent morphology on day 5/6post insemination). The transcript CGβ1 was identified in one only blastocyst. Four blastocystswere biopsied in order to investigate whether CGβ expression can be detected at the minimallevel of few trophectoderm cells. No transcript was found in trophectoderm cell samples orbiopsied blastocyst proper.DiscussionIn recent years, many new technologies have been introduced in clinical practice of ART.Blastocyst biopsy since its first announcement in 2005, until today, has been adopted andintegrated into the application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (Kokkali et al., 2005). Asblastocyst biopsy has the advantage of providing adequate number of cells for multipleanalyses, it has been lately used for the PGD for monogenic diseases in combination withhistocompatibility screening (HLA matching) or PGD for monogenic diseases screening forstructural or numerical chromosomal abnormalities. Besides its clinical application, blastocystbiopsy offers great opportunities for research, such as the study for the expression ofpreimplantation genetic profiles for the identification of the single most viable blastocyst amongthe cohort developing in vitro that will enable single blastocyst transfers without a concomitantreduction in pregnancy rates.In this study, we investigated whether the β HCG may be used as a predictive marker ofdevelopmental competence for human embryos. This study showed that CGβ gene expressionwas diverse and heterogeneous between blastocysts. Further studies need to be accomplishedto investigate this further.ConclusionsBlastocyst biopsy was developed and optimized to serve as powerful tool for diagnostics ofhuman diseases or to identify diagnostic markers of competence to develop to term for humanembryos.

scholarly journals Computational Cancer Cell Models to Guide Precision Breast Cancer Medicine

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Cheng ◽  
Abhishek Majumdar ◽  
Daniel Stover ◽  
Shaofeng Wu ◽  
Yaoqin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
System Model ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Decision System ◽  
Cancer Medicine

Background: Large-scale screening of drug sensitivity on cancer cell models can mimic in vivo cellular behavior providing wider scope for biological research on cancer. Since the therapeutic effect of a single drug or drug combination depends on the individual patient’s genome characteristics and cancer cells integration reaction, the identification of an effective agent in an in vitro model by using large number of cancer cell models is a promising approach for the development of targeted treatments. Precision cancer medicine is to select the most appropriate treatment or treatments for an individual patient. However, it still lacks the tools to bridge the gap between conventional in vitro cancer cell models and clinical patient response to inhibitors. Methods: An optimal two-layer decision system model is developed to identify the cancer cells that most closely resemble an individual tumor for optimum therapeutic interventions in precision cancer medicine. Accordingly, an optimal grid parameters selection is designed to seek the highest accordance for treatment selection to the patient’s preference for drug response and in vitro cancer cell drug screening. The optimal two-layer decision system model overcomes the challenge of heterology data comparison between the tumor and the cancer cells, as well as between the continual variation of drug responses in vitro and the discrete ones in clinical practice. We simulated the model accuracy using 681 cancer cells’ mRNA and associated 481 drug screenings and validated our results on 315 breast cancer patients drug selection across seven drugs (docetaxel, doxorubicin, fluorouracil, paclitaxel, tamoxifen, cyclophosphamide, lapitinib). Results: Comparing with the real response of a drug in clinical patients, the novel model obtained an overall average accordance over 90.8% across the seven drugs. At the same time, the optimal cancer cells and the associated optimal therapeutic efficacy of cancer drugs are recommended. The novel optimal two-layer decision system model was used on 1097 patients with breast cancer in guiding precision medicine for a recommendation of their optimal cancer cells (30 cancer cells) and associated efficacy of certain cancer drugs. Our model can detect the most similar cancer cells for each individual patient. Conclusion: A successful clinical translation model (optimal two-layer decision system model) was developed to bridge in-vitro basic science to clinical practice in a therapeutic intervention application for the first time. The novel tool kills two birds with one stone. It can help basic science to seek optimal cancer cell models for an individual tumor, while prioritizing clinical drugs’ recommendations in practice. Tool associated platform website: We extended the breast cancer research to 32 more types of cancers across 45 therapy predictions.

scholarly journals In Vitro Study of Multi-Therapeutic Properties of Thymus bovei Benth. Essential Oil and Its Main Component for Promoting Their Use in Clinical Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Hassan ◽  
Kateřina Berchová-Bímová ◽  
Miroslava Šudomová ◽  
Milan Malaník ◽  
Karel Šmejkal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Main Component

Thymus bovei Benth. (TB) is an important plant in the traditional medicine of the Mediterranean region. This study investigates the health-promoting properties of TB essential oil (TB-EO) for its possible use in clinical practice with regards to its cytotoxic, anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and antihypertensive (through inhibition of human angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACE) properties. The phytochemical profile of EO (99.9%) was analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Flame-Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In this study, all biological methods were performed at the level of in vitro studies. The results showed that TB-EO exerted remarked cytotoxic properties against human cervical carcinoma cells, colon cancer cells, and lung adenocarcinoma cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 7.22, 9.30, and 8.62 µg/mL, respectively, in comparison with that of standard anticancer drug cisplatin with IC50 values of 4.24, 5.21, and 5.43 µg/mL, respectively. Fascinatingly, TB-EO showed very weak cytotoxicity on the healthy human fetal lung fibroblast cells with an IC50 value of 118.34 µg/mL compared with that of cisplatin (IC50 = 10.08 µg/mL). TB-EO, its main component geraniol, TB-EO combined with acyclovir (ACV) along with standard ACV, have displayed pronounced inhibitory properties against the replication of HSV-2 with the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 2.13, 1.92, 0.81 and 1.94 µg/mL, respectively, with corresponding selectivity indices (SI) 98.59, 109.38, 259.26 and 108.25, respectively. TB-EO and geraniol at a concentration of 15 µg/mL showed prominent inhibitory activities against ACE with % of inhibition 95.4% and 92.2%, respectively, compared with that of standard inhibitor captopril (99.8%; 15 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies were performed to unveil the mechanism of action of geraniol as well as structural parameters necessary for anti-HSV-2 activity (through the inhibition of HSV-2 protease) and ACE inhibition. This is the first report on the chemical composition of Egyptian TB-EO along with the above-mentioned biological activities. Our results may be considered as novel findings in the course of a search for new and active anticancer, anti-HSV-2 and antihypertensive agents, and expand the medicinal value of this plant and its phytochemicals in clinical practice.

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