Mango rejects and mango waste; Characterization and quantification of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant potential

Stone fruits, including peach (Prunus persica L.), nectarine (Prunus nucipersica L.), plum (Prunus domestica L.) and apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) are common commercial fruits in the market. However, a huge amount of stone fruits waste is produced throughout the food supply chain during picking, handling, processing, packaging, storage, transportation, retailing and final consumption. These stone fruits waste contain high phenolic content which are the main contributors to the antioxidant potential and associated health benefits. The antioxidant results showed that plum waste contained higher concentrations of total phenolic content (TPC) (0.94 ± 0.07 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (0.34 ± 0.01 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g), while apricot waste contained a higher concentration of total tannin content (TTC) (0.19 ± 0.03 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g) and DPPH activity (1.47 ± 0.12 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/g). However, nectarine waste had higher antioxidant capacity in ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) (0.98 ± 0.02 mg AAE/g) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (0.91 ± 0.09 mg AAE/g) assays, while peach waste showed higher antioxidant capacity in 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay (0.43 ± 0.09 mg AAE/g) as compared to other stone fruits waste. Qualitative and quantitative phenolic analysis of Australian grown stone fruits waste were conducted by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) and HPLC-photodiode array detection (PDA). The LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS result indicates that 59 phenolic compounds were tentatively characterized in peach (33 compounds), nectarine (28), plum (38) and apricot (23). The HPLC-PDA indicated that p-hydroxybenzoic acid (18.64 ± 1.30 mg/g) was detected to be the most dominant phenolic acid and quercetin (19.68 ± 1.38 mg/g) was the most significant flavonoid in stone fruits waste. Hence, it could be concluded that stone fruit waste contains various phenolic compounds and have antioxidant potential. The results could support the applications of these stone fruit wastes in other food, feed, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

Download Full-text

Screening of Phenolic Compounds in Australian Grown Berries by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and Determination of Their Antioxidant Potential

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Vigasini Subbiah ◽

Biming Zhong ◽

Malik A. Nawaz ◽

Colin J. Barrow ◽

Frank R. Dunshea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Acid ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Fresh Frozen ◽

Flavonoid Quercetin

Berries are grown worldwide with the most consumed berries being blackberries (Rubus spp.), blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum), red raspberries (Rubus idaeus) and strawberries (Fragaria spp.). Berries are either consumed fresh, frozen, or processed into wines, juices, and jams. In recent times, researchers have focused their attention on berries due to their abundance in phenolic compounds. The current study aimed to evaluate the phenolic content and their antioxidant potential followed by characterization and quantification using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and HPLC-PDA. Blueberries were highest in TPC (2.93 ± 0.07 mg GAE/gf.w.) and TFC (70.31 ± 1.21 µg QE/gf.w.), whereas the blackberries had the highest content in TTC (11.32 ± 0.13 mg CE/gf.w.). Blueberries had the highest radical scavenging capacities for the DPPH (1.69 ± 0.09 mg AAE/gf.w.), FRAP (367.43 ± 3.09 µg AAE/gf.w.), TAC (1.47 ± 0.20 mg AAE/gf.w.) and ABTS was highest in strawberries (3.67 ± 0.14 mg AAE/gf.w.). LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS study identified a total of 65 compounds including 42 compounds in strawberries, 30 compounds in raspberries, 28 compounds in blueberries and 21 compounds in blackberries. The HPLC-PDA quantification observed phenolic acid (p-hydroxybenzoic) and flavonoid (quercetin-3-rhamnoside) higher in blueberries compared to other berries. Our study showed the presence of phenolic acids and provides information to be utilized as an ingredient in food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.

Download Full-text

Profile, antioxidant potential, and applicability of phenolic compounds extracted from Spirulina platensis

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.5897/ajb2015.14926 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (41) ◽

pp. 2903-2909 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Denardi de Souza Taiana ◽

Prietto Luciana ◽

Moraes de Souza Michele ◽

Badiale Furlong Eliana

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Antioxidant Potential

Download Full-text

Estimation of antioxidative potential of thyme (Thymus alpestris L.)

JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & PROCESSING MANAGEMENT ◽

10.7251/jepm1709029v ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Ljubica Vasiljević ◽

Mirjana Beribaka ◽

Jelena Vulinović ◽

Slađana Petronić

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Plant Species ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Soxhlet Method ◽

Polyphenolic Acids

Family Lamiaceae (labia) includes a large number of cosmopolitan speciesincluding Thymus alpestris (Thyme) characterized by the presence of essential oilsand phenolic compounds. It represents a perennial semi-shrubby plant. Theantioxidant potential of thyme is due to the presence of polyphenolic acids andflavonoids. The topic of this paper is the extraction of thyme (Thymus alpestris)with 40% ethanol and 50% ethanol, using Soxhlet method (circulatoryextraction), after which, the content of phenolics and flavonoids was determinedin order to confirm the antioxidant potential of this plant species. The resultsshow that 40% ethanol extract has the highest content of phenolics andflavonoids and the highest antioxidant potential, resultingly.

Download Full-text

PROTECTIVE ACTION OF SODIUM SELENITE AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT IN TOMATO: TOTAL PROTEIN CONTENTS, LEVELS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND CHANGES IN ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2012.947.41 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 321-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B. Companioni ◽

J. Medrano ◽

J.A. Torres ◽

A. Flores ◽

E. Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Total Protein ◽

Sodium Selenite ◽

Protective Action ◽

Antioxidant Potential

Download Full-text

Extraction of phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential from coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) testa and identification of phenolic acids and flavonoids using UPLC coupled with TQD-MS/MS

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2018.02.024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 92 ◽

pp. 116-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. Arivalagan ◽

T.K. Roy ◽

A.M. Yasmeen ◽

K.C. Pavithra ◽

P.N. Jwala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Cocos Nucifera L

Download Full-text

Screening and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Their Antioxidant Capacity in Different Fruit Peels

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9091206 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1206 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hafiz A. R. Suleria ◽

Colin J. Barrow ◽

Frank R. Dunshea

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Mango Peel

Fruit peels have a diverse range of phytochemicals including carotenoids, vitamins, dietary fibres, and phenolic compounds, some with remarkable antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the comprehensive screening and characterization of the complex array of phenolic compounds in different fruit peels is limited. This study aimed to determine the polyphenol content and their antioxidant potential in twenty different fruit peel samples in an ethanolic extraction, including their comprehensive characterization and quantification using the LC-MS/MS and HPLC. The obtained results showed that the mango peel exhibited the highest phenolic content for TPC (27.51 ± 0.63 mg GAE/g) and TFC (1.75 ± 0.08 mg QE/g), while the TTC (9.01 ± 0.20 mg CE/g) was slightly higher in the avocado peel than mango peel (8.99 ± 0.13 mg CE/g). In terms of antioxidant potential, the grapefruit peel had the highest radical scavenging capacities for the DPPH (9.17 ± 0.19 mg AAE/g), ABTS (10.79 ± 0.56 mg AAE/g), ferric reducing capacity in FRAP (9.22 ± 0.25 mg AA/g), and total antioxidant capacity, TAC (8.77 ± 0.34 mg AAE/g) compared to other fruit peel samples. The application of LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS tentatively identified and characterized a total of 176 phenolics, including phenolic acids (49), flavonoids (86), lignans (11), stilbene (5) and other polyphenols (25) in all twenty peel samples. From HPLC-PDA quantification, the mango peel sample showed significantly higher phenolic content, particularly for phenolic acids (gallic acid, 14.5 ± 0.4 mg/g) and flavonoids (quercetin, 11.9 ± 0.4 mg/g), as compared to other fruit peel samples. These results highlight the importance of fruit peels as a potential source of polyphenols. This study provides supportive information for the utilization of different phenolic rich fruit peels as ingredients in food, feed, and nutraceutical products.

Download Full-text

Myrtus communis Liquor Byproduct as a Source of Bioactive Compounds

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8070237 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 237 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Correddu ◽

Maldini ◽

Addis ◽

Petretto ◽

Palomba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Myrtus Communis ◽

Food Ingredient

The fatty acid (FA), polyphenol content and evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of exhausted Myrtus communis berries (EMB) resulting from the production of myrtle liqueur were assessed. All parts of the exhausted berries exhibited high concentrations of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and phenolic compounds. The lipid fraction contained a high amount of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly represented by linoleic acid (>70%). Of the phenolic acids evaluated by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, ellagic acid was the most predominant (>50%), followed by gallic and quinic acids. Quercetin and quercetin3-O-rhamnoside were the most abundant flavonoids. The seed extracts showed a higher antioxidant potential than the pericarp extracts; the same trend was observed for total phenolic compounds evaluated by spectrophotometric assay. The overall high content of bioactive compounds and the high antioxidant potential of this byproduct sustain its suitability for a number of industrial applications, such as a food ingredient in novel foods, an additive in cosmetic formulations or a component of animal feed formulations.

Download Full-text

An Environmentally Friendly Practice Used in Olive Cultivation Capable of Increasing Commercial Interest in Waste Products from Oil Processing

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9060466 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 466

Author(s):

Irene Dini ◽

Giulia Graziani ◽

Francalisa Luisa Fedele ◽

Andrea Sicari ◽

Francesco Vinale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

High Performance ◽

Mevalonate Pathway ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Economic Value ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Waste Products ◽

Vegetation Water

In the Rural Development Plan (2014–2020), the European Commission encouraged the conversion and supported the maintenance of organic farming. Organic olive oil (bioEVOO) production involves the use of environmentally sustainable fertilizers and the recycling of olive pomace (Pom) and olive vegetation waters (VW) to reduce the environmental impact of these wastes. An ecofriendly way to recycle olive wastes is to reuse them to extract bioactive compounds. In this study, the total phenolic compounds content, their profile and dosage, the antioxidant action in oil, pomace, and vegetation water was evaluated when the Trichoderma harzianum M10 was used as a biostimulant in agriculture. Two spectrophotometric tests (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS)) evaluated the antioxidant potential of samples, a spectrophotometric method estimated total phenolic content, and an Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)–Orbitrap method evaluated the phenolics profile. Our results showed that the biostimulation improved the antioxidant potential and the total concentration of phenolics in the bioEVOO and bio-pomace (bioPom) samples and mainly enhanced, among all classes of phenolic compounds, the production of the flavonoids and the secoiridoids. Moreover, they demonstrated the Trichoderma action in the mevalonate pathway to produce phenols for the first time. The decisive action of the Thricoderma on the production of phenolic compounds increases the economic value of the waste materials as a source of bioactive compounds useful for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.

Download Full-text