Poor diet quality evaluated with the China Healthy Diet Index in Chinese tuberculosis patients

Abstract Maintaining healthy lifestyle, including healthy diet and physical activity, in adverse neighborhood environments may be more difficult for older adults because of changes linked to aging, which make them more vulnerable to their environments. This study aims to investigate the association of neighborhood disorder with diet quality and physical activity in a national sample of older Americans. For this study, we used data from the Health and Retirement Study. Neighborhood disorders include vandalism, boarded houses, abandoned cars, demolished houses, trash, litter, or junk, poorly kept communal areas, homeless people, prostitution, winos or junkies, and drug use or drug dealing near residents’ housing unit (range: 0-11). Diet quality and physical activity were assessed using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015; range:0-100) and the metabolic (MET) equivalent activity points (range: 0-31 in this sample). Ordinary least squares regression models were estimated to examine an association between neighborhood disorder, diet quality, and physical activity. Neighborhood disorder was associated with poor diet and physical inactivity. For one additional negative neighborhood feature, HEI-2015 scores and MET-equivalent activity points decreased by 0.55 (95% CI: -1.09. -0.01) and 0.69 (95% CI: -1.05, -0.33). Findings of this study suggest that older adults living in adverse neighborhoods are at a greater risk of poor diet and physical inactivity, which are important risk factors for poor health and chronic diseases. Promoting neighborhood environments and perceived neighborhood safety would increase access to health food, encourage healthy diet and physical activity, and support healthy aging.

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Homocysteine Levels Show Significant Differences among Mediterranean Dietary Quality Index Variables Compared to Folate and Vitamin B12 Status in Women

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000237 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 85 (3-4) ◽

pp. 202-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ivona Višekruna ◽

Ivana Rumbak ◽

Ivana Rumora Samarin ◽

Irena Keser ◽

Jasmina Ranilović

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Diet ◽

The Mediterranean

Abstract. Results of epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have shown that subjects following the Mediterranean diet had lower inflammatory markers such as homocysteine (Hcy). Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess female diet quality with the Mediterranean diet quality index (MDQI) and to determine the correlation between MDQI, homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 levels in the blood. The study participants were 237 apparently healthy women (96 of reproductive age and 141 postmenopausal) between 25 and 93 years. For each participant, 24-hour dietary recalls for 3 days were collected, MDQI was calculated, and plasma Hcy, serum and erythrocyte folate and vitamin B12 levels were analysed. Total MDQI ranged from 8 to 10 points, which represented a medium-poor diet for the subjects. The strength of correlation using biomarkers, regardless of group type, age, gender and other measured parameters, was ranked from best (0.11) to worst (0.52) for olive oil, fish, fruits and vegetables, grains, and meat, in this order. Hcy levels showed the best response among all markers across all groups and food types. Our study shows significant differences between variables of the MDQI and Hcy levels compared to levels of folate and vitamin B12 in participants with medium-poor diet quality, as evaluated according to MDQI scores.

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Long-term Diet Quality and Gut Microbiome Functionality: A Prospective, Shotgun Metagenomic Study among Urban Chinese Adults

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Danxia Yu ◽

Yaohua Yang ◽

Jirong Long ◽

Wanghong Xu ◽

Qiuyin Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Gene Families ◽

Diet Group ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Unhealthy Diet

ABSTRACT Background Diet is known to affect human gut microbiome composition; yet, how diet affects gut microbiome functionality remains unclear. Objective We compared the diversity and abundance/presence of fecal microbiome metabolic pathways among individuals according to their long-term diet quality. Methods In 2 longitudinal cohorts, we assessed participants’ usual diets via repeated surveys during 1996–2011 and collected a stool sample in 2015–2018. Participants who maintained a healthy or unhealthy diet (i.e., stayed in the highest or lowest quintile of a healthy diet score throughout follow-up) were selected. Participants were excluded if they reported a history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hypertension; had diarrhea or constipation in the last 7 d; or used antibiotics in the last 6 mo before stool collection. Functional profiling of shotgun metagenomics was performed using HUMAnN2. Associations of dietary variables and 420 microbial metabolic pathways were evaluated via multivariable-adjusted linear or logistic regression models. Results We included 144 adults (mean age = 64 y; 55% female); 66 had an unhealthy diet and 78 maintained a healthy diet. The healthy diet group had higher Shannon α-diversity indexes of microbial gene families and metabolic pathways (both P < 0.02), whereas β-diversity, as evaluated by Bray-Curtis distance, did not differ between groups (both P > 0.50). At P < 0.01 [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.15], the healthy diet group showed enriched pathways for vitamin and carrier biosynthesis (e.g., tetrahydrofolate, acetyl-CoA, and l-methionine) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and increased degradation (or reduced biosynthesis) of certain sugars [e.g., cytidine monophosphate (CMP)-legionaminate, deoxythymidine diphosphate (dTDP)-l-rhamnose, and sucrose], nucleotides, 4-aminobutanoate, methylglyoxal, sulfate, and aromatic compounds (e.g., catechol and toluene). Meanwhile, several food groups were associated with the CMP-legionaminate biosynthesis pathway at FDR <0.05. Conclusions In a small longitudinal study of generally healthy, older Chinese adults, we found long-term healthy eating was associated with increased α-diversity of microbial gene families and metabolic pathways and altered symbiotic functions relevant to human nutrition and health.

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Association between overall diet quality and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in five Finnish cohort studies

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95773-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Satu Männistö ◽

Kennet Harald ◽

Tommi Härkänen ◽

Mirkka Maukonen ◽

Johan G. Eriksson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Food Culture ◽

Alternative Healthy Eating Index

AbstractThere is limited evidence for any dietary factor, except alcohol, in breast cancer (BC) risk. Therefore, studies on a whole diet, using diet quality indices, can broaden our insight. We examined associations of the Nordic Diet (mNDI), Mediterranean diet (mMEDI) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (mAHEI) with postmenopausal BC risk. Five Finnish cohorts were combined including 6374 postmenopausal women with dietary information. In all, 8–9 dietary components were aggregated in each index, higher total score indicating higher adherence to a healthy diet. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the combined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for BC risk. During an average 10-year follow-up period, 274 incident postmenopausal BC cases were diagnosed. In multivariable models, the HR for highest vs. lowest quintile of index was 0.67 (95 %CI 0.48–1.01) for mNDI, 0.88 (0.59–1.30) for mMEDI and 0.89 (0.60–1.32) for mAHEI. In this combined dataset, a borderline preventive finding of high adherence to mNDI on postmenopausal BC risk was found. Of the indices, mNDI was more based on the local food culture than the others. Although a healthy diet has beneficially been related to several chronic diseases, the link with the etiology of postmenopausal BC does not seem to be that obvious.

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P2-421: Indicators of Cognitive Reserve Moderate the Adverse Relationship Between Poor Diet Quality and Cognitive Decline in Independent Older Adults: The Nuage Study

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1633 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. P806-P806

Author(s):

Matthew D. Parrott ◽

Alexandra J. Fiocco ◽

Pierre-Hugues Carmichael ◽

Nicole D. Anderson ◽

Danielle Laurin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

Poor Diet

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Diet profiles in a population sample from Mediterranean southern France

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn200065 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 173-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Jacqueline Scali ◽

Aurélia Richard ◽

Mariette Gerber

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Population Sample ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Prevention Policy ◽

Men And Women ◽

Southern France ◽

Poor Diet ◽

The Mediterranean

AbstractObjectiveA Mediterranean diet quality index (MDQI) was devised to give an overall assessment of dietary habits and to identify groups at risk.DesignThe MDQI was based on scores given for selected levels of consumption of selected nutrients and foods.SettingMediterranean southern France.SubjectsThe sample included 473 men and 491 women in three age classes recruited at random.ResultsOnly 9.5% of men, 9.0% of women, 4.7% of 20–34 year old subjects, 6.6% of 35–54 year old subjects and 14.0% of 55–76 year old subjects were shown to have a healthy diet. However, 10.1% of men, 8.6% of women, 19.4% of 20–34 year old subjects, 10.2% of 35–54 year old subjects and 4.6% of 55–76 year old subjects were shown to have a poor diet. There were significantly fewer smokers among subjects with a good diet but the distribution of moderate wine drinkers was comparable between those with a good diet and those with a poor diet. Correspondence analysis associated a healthy diet with 55–76 year old men and women living in rural areas, who had received primary schooling only and who were manual workers. Both men and women with a poor MDQI score tended to be young and smokers. In addition, women with a poor MDQI tended to be heavy drinkers and obese.ConclusionsThis study showed that the Mediterranean model, which is generally recognized as a healthy diet, appears restricted to older people and to rural areas, whereas urbanized young people depart from it. A nutritional prevention policy targeted at young adults is required to encourage them to adhere to the Mediterranean model. Smoking and drinking showed different distribution patterns in the sample under study.

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Social Determinants and Poor Diet Quality of Energy-Dense Diets of Australian Young Adults

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare5040070 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Poor Diet

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Defining Diet Quality: A Review of Diet Metrics as Applied to the Double Burden of Malnutrition (OR17-01-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz039.or17-01-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Victoria Miller ◽

Patrick Webb ◽

Renata Micha ◽

Dariush Mozaffarian

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Food Groups ◽

Policy Action ◽

Double Burden ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Objectives Meeting most of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) will require a strong focus on tackling all forms of malnutrition─ addressing maternal and child health (MCH) as well as diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Yet, the optimal metrics to define a healthy diet remain unclear. Our aim was to comprehensively review diet metrics and assess the evidence on each metric's association with MCH and NCDs. Methods Using comprehensive searches and expert discussions, we identified metrics that i) are used in ≥3 countries to link diet to health, ii) quantify the number of foods/food groups consumed and/or iii) quantify recommended nutrient intakes. We reviewed and summarized each metric's development, components and scoring. For each identified metric, we systematically searched PubMed to identify meta-analyses or narrative reviews evaluating these metrics with nutrient adequacy and health outcomes. We assessed validity by grading the number of studies included and the consistency of the diet metric-disease relationship. Results We identified 6 MCH, 13 NCD and 0 MCH/NCD metrics. Most were developed for describing adherence to dietary guidelines or patterns, and others were developed for predicting micronutrient adequacy. On average, the metrics included 14 food groups/nutrients (range 4–45), with 10 food-group only metrics and 0 nutrient-only metrics. The most frequent metric components were grains/roots/tubers, fruits and vegetables. We identified 16 meta-analyses and 14 narrative reviews representing 102 metric-disease relationships (98 metric-NCD and 4 metric-MCH relationships, respectively). We found 5 metrics that have been consistently validated in meta-analyses and narrative reviews for NCDs, 1 metric with limited evidence for MCH, but 0 metrics for both. Of the metrics, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and Mediterranean Diet Score (MED) were most commonly validated, especially for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (Figure 1). Conclusions Few diet metrics have been used in multiple countries to define a healthy diet. This suggests a serious gap in global analyses of diet quality relating to malnutrition in all its forms, which hinders effective policy action. Funding Sources Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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Visceral adipose tissue is associated with poor diet quality and higher fasting glucose in adults with cystic fibrosis

Journal of Cystic Fibrosis ◽

10.1016/j.jcf.2019.01.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 430-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Moriah P. Bellissimo ◽

Ivana Zhang ◽

Elizabeth A. Ivie ◽

Phong H. Tran ◽

Vin Tangpricha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Poor Diet ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Impact of Fortified Ultra-Processed Foods on Risk of Anemia: A New Perspective for Pediatric Nutrition

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 841-841

Author(s):

Daniel Hoffman ◽

Paula dos Leffa ◽

Caroline Sangalli ◽

Julia Valmórbida ◽

André Dornelles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Energy ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Low Income ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Total Energy Intake ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Double Burden ◽

Poor Diet ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives Poor diet quality is a major risk factor for the development of anemia. An increased consumption of fortified ultra-processed food (UPF) among children presents a new contributor to micronutrient intake, one that could potentially improve anemia biomarkers despite having a concomitantly low diet quality. Our objective was to investigate the impact of fortified UPF consumption on the prevalence of anemia and diet quality among children from low-income families in Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional analyses from a randomized field trial of children at 3 years of age (n = 432) from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Capillary blood samples were taken to measure hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and used to determine anemia status. Dietary data was assessed using two multiple-pass 24-h recalls and the consumption of UPF was classified according to the NOVA system. Results UPF account for 42.6% of total energy intake. Children in the highest tertile of UPF consumption had significantly lower risk of anemia (Hb < 110 g/L) compared to those in the lowest tertile (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1; OR 0.56 95% CI 0.39 to 0.82). Similarly, a 10% increase in the consumption of UPF was associated with a 22% lower risk of anemia (95% CI 0.64 to 0.94). Conversely, consumption of UPF was negatively associated with consumption of unprocessed/minimally processed foods. Finally, as the contribution of UPF to total energy intake increased, the intake of added sugars, total fats, and sodium increased, whereas the intake of proteins, fiber, and calcium decreased. Conclusions The consumption of fortified UPF was associated with a lower risk of anemia and a poor diet quality in children from a low-income community in Brazil. The co-existence of normal Hb with poor diet quality suggests the need for a more nuanced assessment of dietary patterns in low-income settings to best address this paradoxical situation as the prevalence of the double burden of disease continues to increase throughout the world. Funding Sources Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

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