Hospitals, Collaboration, and Community Health Improvement

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (S1) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha H. Somerville ◽  
Laura Seeff ◽  
Daniel Hale ◽  
Daniel J. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Experience Of Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
American Health Care ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Community Health Improvement ◽  
Care Costs

Medical care in the United States traditionally has focused on the treatment of disease rather than on its prevention. Heart disease, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic diseases are the primary drivers of American health care costs; compared to other high-income countries, U.S. health indices are lowest and costs are highest.A “triple aim” — “improving the individual experience of care, improving the health of populations, and reducing the per capita costs of care for populations” — has gained traction, as the social determinants of health (non-genetic, non-clinical factors including health behaviors, social and economic factors, and the physical environment) are recognized as having significant effects on health outcomes.

The Health System’s Role in Community Health Improvement: The Work of Three Insurance Providers

2019 ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
Brian C. Castrucci ◽  
Elizabeth Corcoran ◽  
Loel S. Solomon ◽  
Caraline Coats ◽  
Alyse B. Sabina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Kaiser Permanente ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Health Care ◽  
Effective Community ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Community Health Improvement

This chapter argues that to improve the health of populations and reduce health care costs, American health care needs to transform beyond a focus on the individual patient and recognize that the health of the patient and the health of the community are indelibly linked. This change will not come easily, the chapter states. It will take leadership like that demonstrated by the three insurers highlighted in this chapter: Kaiser Permanente, Humana Inc., and the Aetna Foundation. Each is engaging in interventions targeted in the communities they serve, beyond their specific members. These healthcare leaders are moving beyond the clinic to tap into a wide range of skills, relationships, resources, and even policy, which results in more robust and effective community health improvement.

scholarly journals Librarians Are Attracted to Blogs That Support Professional Continuing Education

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Laura Newton Miller
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
State University ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
The Social ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
Reader Comments ◽  
The Individual

Objective – The purpose of the study was to examine how librarian blogs are being used for communication within the profession. Design – The method used was content analysis and unstructured interviews. Setting - The researcher is based out of a state university in the United States of America. Subjects - Content of and communication within 12 librarian blogs were analyzed. Seven of the 12 bloggers were interviewed. Methodology – There were 15 blogs identified in a list by Quinn (2009) and reduced to the 12 best suited for the study. Over a 24-month period (January 2009-December 2010), random samples of posts with 2 or more comments were selected for each month from the 12 blogs and analyzed. All comments related to these selected posts were also analyzed. The researcher categorized the blogs overall, plus individual posts, into one of four predominant genres (social, professional development, political, and research). Content was coded based on previous coding methodology for blog content found in the research literature. Requests for interviews were sent to all 12 bloggers with 7 agreeing to be interviewed. Preliminary results of the content analysis for his/her own blog were shared with each blogger before the interview took place. Inter-coder reliability was pretested and found to be 83.33%. Main Results - Two hundred eighty-eight posts randomly chosen received 1936 reader comments. Bloggers responded to these comments 254 times. Blogs were categorized under the “social” genre most frequently (53%), followed by “professional development” (31%), “political” (14%), and “research” (2%; percentages were rounded to the nearest whole number by the reviewer). Professional development was the lead genre in two of the individual blogs. All seven bloggers interviewed stated that professional development is a large focus of their blogs. Reasons for blogging ranged from the importance of sharing information, contextualizing information, and (for some) satisfying personal ambition. There was a common personal enjoyment of writing and all planned to continue blogging despite increasing time constraints. Conclusion - Professional development is a major focus of content in librarian blogs. Blog posts and comments stay on topic throughout exchanges between bloggers and readers.

scholarly journals Beyond quarantine: a history of leprosy in Puerto Rico, 1898-1930s

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie H. Levison
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Social History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

From biblical times to the modern period, leprosy has been a disease associated with stigma. This mark of disgrace, physically present in the sufferers' sores and disfigured limbs, and embodied in the identity of a 'leper', has cast leprosy into the shadows of society. This paper draws on primary sources, written in Spanish, to reconstruct the social history of leprosy in Puerto Rico when the United States annexed this island in 1898. The public health policies that developed over the period of 1898 to the 1930s were unique to Puerto Rico because of the interplay between political events, scientific developments and popular concerns. Puerto Rico was influenced by the United States' priorities for public health, and the leprosy control policies that developed were superimposed on vestiges of the colonial Spanish public health system. During the United States' initial occupation, extreme segregation sacrificed the individual rights and liberties of these patients for the benefit of society. The lives of these leprosy sufferers were irrevocably changed as a result.

Developing Athletes in the Context of Sport and Performance Psychology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc J. Martin ◽  
David J. Hancock ◽  
Jean Côté
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Performance Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Early Specialization ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Athletic Development

Talent development in sport is achieved through years of preparation and requires constant interaction between personal and contextual resources. Accordingly, extensive research has been dedicated to understanding factors that contribute to sport performance. Literature suggests the factors influencing athletic development can be classified in terms of the physical environment, the social environment, and engaging learning activities. Investigations pertaining to the physical environment suggest the importance of appropriate settings, which can relate to the sport organization or the larger community. Researchers must also cogitate the activities in which athletes take part. These considerations involve the maturational status of athletes, the volume of deliberate practice and play, and early specialization versus diversification. Finally, the salience of the social environment in relation to sport performance cannot be overlooked. Not surprisingly, the relations established with social agents (i.e., coaches, peers/teammates, parents) can facilitate or impede the developmental process. Consequently, the development of athletes in the context of sport and performance psychology extends past the individual and is influenced by several factors that must be discussed.

Partnering on the Social Determinants of Health With the Community Health Improvement Matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara P. Laymon ◽  
Reena Chudgar ◽  
Tiffany Huang ◽  
Mukti Kulkarni ◽  
Peter L. Holtgrave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Community Health Improvement

From Census Tract to Neighborhood Planning

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Wesley Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
Planning Policies

In recent years, applied anthropologists in urban research have begun to focus attention upon the process of urban planning. Traditionally, urban planners in the United States were drawn from architecture, engineering, and geography. These planners were primarily concerned with the physical environment, land use, and architectural design. A problem with their planning policies was that they reflected planners' strong physical interests and seemingly neglected to consider the human society for which planning was being done. In recognition of this problem, the applied anthropologists can make a significant contribution to the evaluation and development of more comprehensive, humanistic planning policies. The socio-cultural perspective of the anthropologists complements that of the "physical" planners. Furthermore, applied anthropology concepts and methodology, which facilitate direct observation of a population within its environment, function to articulate the social with the physical elements of a plan. In doing so, human behavior patterns and felt needs can be related to the physical environment, land use, and architectural design and can thus improve the overall quality of urban planning.

scholarly journals Organizing alternatives : examining normative and alternative nonprofit organizing practices

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Peter Jensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Organizational Problem ◽  
Communicative Constitution ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relations Of Power

Homelessness presents a massive organizational problem in the United States, with over 400,000 men, women, and children making use of shelter services each night. In this study, I take a comparative ethnographic approach to study how the use of the organizing Discourses of feminism, paternalism, neoliberalism, and anarchism result in more normative or alternative organizing practices. My project examines the organizing practices at two shelters for homeless women. One shelter is affiliated with an international religious nonprofit organization and self-identified anarchists run the other. Using the communicative constitution of organization (CCO) and institutional logics theories, I propose a theoretical framework for understanding how organizing Discourses are enacted or resisted at the organizational and individual level. My findings highlight how the institutional logics of responsibility, social welfare, and market manifest in different and sometimes paradoxical organizing practices based on the Discourse that is being translated. In this project, I highlight and critique how Discursive translations of institutional logics structure relations of power that impact agency at the individual and organizational level. My project has implications for understanding why the United States organizes around the social problem of homelessness the way it does, and explores alternatives to normative nonprofit organizing practices.

scholarly journals Poverty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty

This paper discusses the role of social scientific expertise in the emergence of poverty as a problem and a priority for public intervention in the United States during the 1960s. That the social scientific experts defined “the poverty problem” narrowly, as a problem of individuals lacking income or otherwise caught in a “cycle of poverty,” can be understood in terms of a series of historical transformations that played out in overlapping processes of disembedding: of social science from social reform; of economic from social and political knowledge; and of poverty from the study of structured patterns and experiences of stratification and inequality. The structurally disembedded, individualized concept of poverty that emerged from these transformations presented Great Society liberal reformers with a legible problem that they could fix without recourse to major reforms. It would eventually be recast by neoliberal reformers to justify a more ideological form of disembedding that shifted the boundaries of responsibility for dealing with poverty from the social and the public to the individual and personal.

scholarly journals The Memory Places and Color: The Methods and Practices of Color Use in Ethnographic Research

2018 ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Hasan Işıklı
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
City Branding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
The Individual

Nowadays art festivals engage more to organize their events in unusual places. Either for the sake of city branding or a pure cultural memory action, a performance might be set in a forgotten memory place. The place which is distinguished sharply by a comfortable concert hall becomes one of the actors of the event and the participant questions a past that s/he hasn’t been strongly connected. Thus, the individual is not only aroused by the performance itself and the information in the booklets but also physical environment has an affect. This article aims to tackle the contribution of color as an instrument of data collection in qualitative research. By using color tablets inspired by the colorist Kobayashi the colors are tested firstly as a visual to learn how they make sense in Izmir during International Izmir Festival. Secondly, they are questioned how the participants embed colors’ senses to the memory places where they attended to the concerts. The research process indicates that the experience of a concert might not be visually powerful enough to associate memory places with the colors. However, the technique of color tablets becomes prompting object which support the dialogue construction between the fieldworker and informant. Thus, as an instrument for evocation and conversation color tablets become interactive objects for remembering of the festival experience and it mediates the social roles of the informants and the fieldworker.

scholarly journals Shut Away

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pearson Ripley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Undocumented Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Background ◽  
The Common ◽  
Immigration And Customs Enforcement ◽  
The Individual

Shut Away is a window into a less-discussed immigration story in the United States. At present there are around fifty undocumented immigrants living in houses of worship after receiving deportation orders. It is the strategy of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to avoid raiding these “sensitive locations,” allowing them to provide their occupants with insulation from the possibility of deportation. This act of taking sanctuary comes at a significant cost as the individual does not leave the property upon entering. Comprised of still photographs, video portraits and oral histories, Shut Away seeks a more nuanced account of life in sanctuary beyond the common depiction of victimhood. This paper will analyze the foundation, creation and context of the project. It begins with the historical and political background of the topic and the participants, then analyzes the methodology of the social and creative approach to the work The paper ends with a contextualization of the project within the documentary field and a reflection on the traditions of photography in which the work falls.

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