Ontogenetic shape changes in the pelvis of the Greater Rhea (Aves, Palaeognathae) and their relationships with cursorial locomotion: a geometric morphometric approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 236 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1145
Author(s):  
Mariana B. J. Picasso ◽  
Ailin Monti ◽  
Maria C. Mosto ◽  
Cecilia C. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Greater Rhea ◽  
Shape Changes

scholarly journals Examination of Facial Shape Changes Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Using Geometric Morphometrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Directional Asymmetry ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shape Changes

Facial investigations using geometric morphometrics has been used in many studies to affirm that a particular disease can attribute to an individual’s facial morphology. A landmark based geometric morphometric analysis was used in this study to asses if facial shape changes are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and if facial morphology of the CVD individuals differs from the normal ones. In the Municipality of Cantilan, Surigao del Sur, frontal face images taken from 32 cardiovascular disease patients and 32 normal individuals were examined using forty-one manually positioned landmarks. Result showed that facial morphology of the CVD group differs from non-CVD group. Procrustes ANOVA showed significant values for the individual symmetry and directional asymmetry. The analysis of structure by the Principal Components reveals particular variations and the scatter plot of the residual asymmetry shows distinct differences between CVD and non-CVD. Therefore, cardiovascular diseases contribute to facial shape changes and that development of facial morphology differs between CVD and non-CVD group.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism of the mandibular conformational changes in aging human adults: A multislice computed tomographic study by geometric morphometrics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253564
Author(s):  
Leonor Costa Mendes ◽  
Julien Delrieu ◽  
Claudia Gillet ◽  
Norbert Telmon ◽  
Delphine Maret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Shape Changes

The aging process has an impact on mandibular bone morphology and can therefore affect shape sexual dimorphism. Understanding the effect of senescence on mandibular shape changes is particularly important to correctly estimate the sex of an individual and predict age-related conformational modifications. The purpose of this study was to assess age-related changes in mandibular shape and sexual dimorphism. The study sample comprised 160 Multi Slice Computed Tomography examinations of individuals aged 40 to 79 years. Geometric morphometric analysis of fourteen osteometric landmarks was used to examine sexual dimorphism and patterns of mandibular shape variation with age. Results showed that mandibular sexual dimorphism of shape remained significant with aging. Conformational changes occurred between 50 and 70 years and were different for male and female individuals. Females presented earlier and more marked age-related shape changes than males. These observations suggest that mandibular senescence is a sexually dimorphic process since its onset, rate, and the areas subjected to conformational changes differ from male to female individuals. Senescence-related changes present substantial variability, and further investigation is required to determine precisely the age that marks their onset.

scholarly journals Maternal environment and craniofacial growth: geometric morphometric analysis of mandibular shape changes with in utero thyroxine overexposure in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Kesterke ◽  
Margaret A. Judd ◽  
Mark P. Mooney ◽  
Michael I. Siegel ◽  
Mohammed Elsalanty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Shape Changes

scholarly journals The relationship between facial morphology, body measurements and socio-economic factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Jandová ◽  
Petra Urbanová
Keyword(s):  
Shape Change ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background and aim: The effect of socio-economic factors (living conditions) and parental smoking habits on development of facial morphology and body measurements was studied on a longitudinal Czech sample of 25 girls and 25 boys. Subjects and methods: A set of studied digitalized photographs taken from 0.5 to 18 years in intervals of 6 months originated in the Brno Longitudinal Study. Facial shape changes of sub-adult participants were described using a configuration of 27 landmarks and further studied by using methods of geometric morphometric and multivariate statistics. In order to localize growth-related shape changes within the face, the studied region was divided into upper, middle and lower facial units and analyzed separately. Results and conclusion: The results show that in the course of ontogenesis there is a strong correlation between facial shape change and body measurements, height included (r=0.10 and r=0.24 in boys and in girls, respectively). The pubertal spurt of the facial shape change rate was revealed at 10.5 years in girls and at 11.5 years in boys. The earlier onset of the pubertal rate increase in facial shape changes in boys was associated with records of poor living conditions. In addition, the mother’s smoking habits were linked to a noticeable facial shape change.

scholarly journals Geometric morphometric analysis of cyclical body shape changes in color pattern variants of Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) demonstrates reproductive energy allocation

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Reiss ◽  
Thomas M. Grothues
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Flood Pulse ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shape Changes

Previously recognized color and pattern variants of adult Cichla temensis in Amazon flood pulse river environments reflect the cycling of individuals through seasonal sexual maturity and spawning. Individuals also vary in shape from blocky to fusiform. To determine if shape differences are related to patterns of fat reserve deposition and utilization, and to quantify the relationship of shape with color and pattern variation and life history status, specimens in each of four previously defined grades of color and pattern variation were compared using geometric morphometric techniques. Progressive shape changes occurred between grades independent of sex and correlated to gonosomatic index (GSI). Thin plate spline deformation visualizations indicate that the observed shape differences are related to fat deposition patterns. The seasonal timing of shape change and its link to color pattern variation, sexual maturity and local water level conditions suggests a relationship between the physiological and behavioral characteristics of C. temensis and the cyclical flood pulse pattern of its habitat.

scholarly journals Gynodioecy in the common spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus L.) involves differences in the asymmetry of corolla shapes between sexually differentiated flowers

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8571
Author(s):  
Jiri Neustupa
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Euonymus Europaeus ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Gynodioecy is typically associated with a smaller perianth size in purely pistillate flowers than in hermaphrodite flowers. However, it is unclear whether this size differentiation is associated with any differences in flower shape between the two sexual groups. A geometric morphometric analysis of the symmetry of tetrameric corolla shapes was used in the study of Euonymus europaeus L., Darwin’s classical system of floral sexual differentiation. I investigated whether there are any shape differences between the female and bisexual flowers, with respect to both purely symmetric variation involving coordinated shape changes of the four petals and asymmetry among petals within flowers. The corolla shapes of the female and bisexual flowers and the variability among flowers within each sexual group were very similar in the purely symmetric components of shape variation. However, the female flowers were significantly more asymmetric with respect to both the lateral and transversal asymmetry of their corolla shapes. This is the first study to apply geometric morphometrics in the analysis of morphological patterns in a sexually differentiated gynodioecious plant system. The results showed that subtle shape differences in corolla asymmetry differ between the sexual groups and indicate diverging developmental or selection signals between the sexes.

scholarly journals Seasonal shape variations, ontogenetic shape changes, and sexual dimorphism in a population of land isopod Porcellionides pruinosus: a geometric morphometric study

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek G. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Shape Changes

Abstract Background Isopods shape features are sensitive and respond to several selective pressures which may result in variations of these features. These pressures might reflect the heterogeneity of the environment where an animal lives. Land isopods Porcellionides pruinosus were collected from an agricultural field. Landmarks geometric morphometrics was applied to evaluate its shape changes during two different seasons. The present work aims to (i) assess and characterize morphological changes in body shape of P. pruinosus as a response to seasonal variations, (ii) determine differences in the body shape during ontogeny, (iii) examine the effect of intraspecific allometry to interpret the observed variations in the species, and (iv) clarify whether the body shape of P. pruinosus can be used as a sexual differentiating trait. Results Juveniles showed no seasonal variations in the body shape, which were detected among adults, females and males as shown by PCA, DFA, and MANOVA. The adult winter forms have large bodies, small heads, broad pereons, and short but wide telsons. The adult summer forms have small slender bodies, slightly stretched heads, and relatively long telsons. Juveniles’ growth to adulthood showed body shape changes in the head and pereon, that include shrank of the head in the anteroposterior direction and its level became slightly lower than the body. The pereon becomes broader and the two anterolateral projections of the first pereonite extend anteriorly, reaching a little beyond the posterior margin of the eyes. Present species showed a shape sexual dimorphism which includes the broader body and more convex pereon in females and a small waist between the second and third pleonites in males. Shape sexual dimorphism was attributed to reproductive activity. Both allometric trajectories of juveniles and adults (ontogenetic allometry) and of sexes (static allometry) were parallel. Conclusions The landmark geometric morphometric technique was able to reveal the seasonal shape variations in terrestrial isopod P. pruinosus. Also, this method provides information about shape variations between juveniles and adults, as well as about shape sexual dimorphism.

Analysis of the differences between Syntormon pallipes and S. pseudospicatus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae): morphological and molecular data

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
M.A. Chursina ◽  
I.Ya. Grichanov
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The recent catalogues of the family Dolichopodidae considered Syntormon pallipes (Fabricius, 1794) and S. pseudospicatus Strobl, 1899 as separate species. In this study, we used three approaches to estimate the significance of differences between the two species: molecular analysis (COI and 12S rRNA sequences), analysis of leg colour characters and geometric morphometric analysis of wing shape. The morphological data confirmed the absence of significant differences between S. pallipes and S. pseudospicatus found in the DNA analysis. Significant differences in the wing shape of two species have not been revealed. Hence, according to our data, there is no reason to consider S. pseudospicatus as a distinct species.

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