Differences in grapevine rootstock sensitivity and recovery from drought are linked to fine root cortical lacunae and root tip function

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Italo F. Cuneo ◽  
Felipe Barrios‐Masias ◽  
Thorsten Knipfer ◽  
Jake Uretsky ◽  
Clarissa Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Tip

scholarly journals Effect of earthworms on mycorrhization, root morphology and biomass of silver fir seedlings inoculated with black summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Unuk Nahberger ◽  
Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci ◽  
Hojka Kraigher ◽  
Tine Grebenc
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Parameters

AbstractSpecies of the genus Tuber have gained a lot of attention in recent decades due to their aromatic hypogenous fruitbodies, which can bring high prices on the market. The tendency in truffle production is to infect oak, hazel, beech, etc. in greenhouse conditions. We aimed to show whether silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) can be an appropriate host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, and how earthworms in the inoculation substrate would affect the mycorrhization dynamics. Silver fir seedlings inoculated with Tuber. aestivum were analyzed for root system parameters and mycorrhization, how earthworms affect the bare root system, and if mycorrhization parameters change when earthworms are added to the inoculation substrate. Seedlings were analyzed 6 and 12 months after spore inoculation. Mycorrhization with or without earthworms revealed contrasting effects on fine root biomass and morphology of silver fir seedlings. Only a few of the assessed fine root parameters showed statistically significant response, namely higher fine root biomass and fine root tip density in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 6 months after inoculation, lower fine root tip density when earthworms were added, the specific root tip density increased in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 12 months after inoculation, and general negative effect of earthworm on branching density. Silver fir was confirmed as a suitable host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, with 6% and 35% mycorrhization 6 months after inoculation and between 36% and 55% mycorrhization 12 months after inoculation. The effect of earthworms on mycorrhization of silver fir with Tuber aestivum was positive only after 6 months of mycorrhization, while this effect disappeared and turned insignificantly negative after 12 months due to the secondary effect of grazing on ectomycorrhizal root tips.

Root-gap dynamics in a lodgepole pine forest: ectomycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal fine root activity after experimental gap formation

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1531-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
William FJ. Parsons ◽  
Steven L. Miller ◽  
Dennis H. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Fine Root ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Root Activity ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Experimental Gaps

Belowground responses to aboveground disturbance were studied in experimental gaps created in a 95-year-old Pinuscontorta ssp. latifolia (Engelm. ex Wats.) Critchfield stand, southeastern Wyoming. We hypothesized that active fine root densities within the canopy gaps would remain comparable with densities in undisturbed forest and would not decline abruptly until a threshold number of trees had been killed, after which the root gap would be recolonized gradually and centripetally. One-, 5-, 15-, and 30-tree clusters were felled to create a series of gaps in the root mat of lodgepole pine forest soil. For 2 years, densities of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) root tips were determined by intensive soil coring in the experimental gaps and in a nearby 8-year-old clearcut. Data on fine-root activity were obtained using mesh screens inserted into the soil and incubated for up to 5 years. The results were consistent with the original hypothesis, but no clear threshold gap size was observed for ECM root tips. Densities of active ECM root tips measured along transects through one of the 30-tree gaps decreased quickly within 5–6 m of the forest edge, and did not significantly differ from zero at the center of the gap; in contrast to the 2-year-old gap, active ECM densities were fairly constant across the 8-year-old clearcut. Moreover, root-tip densities declined gradually with increasing gap size, while fine root penetrations of the mesh screens were significantly lower in the 30-tree gaps than in the smaller gaps. During the first 3 years, fine roots intercepting the screens were nonmycorrhizal; at the final removal, root screens that had been incubated for 1837 days in the gaps, including the 30-tree gaps, contained ectomycorrhizal root tips. The root screen removal data suggested that belowground gaps persisted 5 years after initial clear-felling of the 30-tree clusters, but the screens also provided evidence for closure from the edges of these gaps.

scholarly journals Soil incorporation of logging residue affects fine-root and mycorrhizal root-tip dynamics of young loblolly pine clones

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1299-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Pritchard ◽  
C. A. Maier ◽  
K. H. Johnsen ◽  
A. J. Grabman ◽  
A. P. Chalmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Logging Residue

Soil exploitation strategies of fine roots in different tree species of the southern boreal forest of eastern Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Bauhus ◽  
Christian Messier
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Slow Development

This study compared the ability of conifers (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and deciduous trees (Populus tremuloides Michx., Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and shrubs and herbs to exploit soils in a southern boreal forest. Root samples were collected from undisturbed soil and ingrowth cores (disturbed soil) of aspen- and conifer-dominated plots. Total fine-root biomass was similar in aspen and conifer plots but length density was higher under aspen. The low root length density (0.7 cm·cm-3) of conifers suggests a dependency on mycorrhizal associations for effective nutrient uptake. Coniferous fine roots were thicker than in the other species. Root tip and internode lengths in deciduous trees showed little differences between undisturbed and disturbed soil, whereas these parameters increased substantially in conifers in disturbed soil. Root growth and architecture in disturbed soil indicated that conifers follow a conservative strategy of optimizing soil exploitation efficiency through the relatively slow development of coarse fine-root systems. In contrast, deciduous trees and understorey shrubs and herbs colonized favourable soil environments to a larger extent maintaining highly ramified thin fine roots to optimize the exploited soil volume. The different soil exploitation strategies may be as important as those differences reported for aboveground growth to explain the coexistence of these species.

scholarly journals Inherent and Stress-Induced Responses of Fine Root Morphology and Anatomy in Commercial Grapevine Rootstocks with Contrasting Drought Resistance

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Idan Reingwirtz ◽  
Jake Uretsky ◽  
Italo F. Cuneo ◽  
Thorsten Knipfer ◽  
Clarissa Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Materials

Some grapevine rootstocks perform better than others during and after drought events, yet it is not clear how inherent and stress-induced differences in root morphology and anatomy along the length of fine roots are involved in these responses. Using a variety of growing conditions and plant materials, we observed significant differences in root diameter, specific root length (SRL) and root diameter distribution between two commonly used commercial grapevine rootstocks: Richter 110 (110R; drought resistant) and Millardet et de Grasset 101-14 (101-14Mgt; drought sensitive). The 110R consistently showed greater root diameters with smaller SRL and proportion of root length comprised of fine lateral roots. The 110R also exhibited significantly greater distance from tip to nearest lateral, longer white root length, and larger proportion of root length that is white under drought stress. Mapping of fine root cortical lacunae showed similar patterns between the rootstocks; mechanical failure of cortical cells was common in the maturation zone, limited near the root tip, and increased with drought stress for both genotypes; however, lacuna formed under wetter soil conditions in 110R. Results suggest that drought resistance in grapevine rootstocks is associated with thick, limitedly branched roots with a larger proportion of white-functional roots that tend to form lacuna under more mild water deficit, all of which likely favor continued resource acquisition at depth.

Aluminum and calcium in fine root tips of red spruce collected from the forest floor

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1237-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T. Smith ◽  
W.C. Shortle ◽  
W.D. Ostrofsky
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Plasma Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Individual Trees

Root chemistry is being increasingly used as a marker of biologically relevant soil chemistry. To evaluate this marker, we determined the precision of measurement, the effect of organic soil horizon, and the effect of stand elevation on the chemistry of fine root tips of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.). Fine root tips were collected from the F and H horizons of the forest floor of nine locations. Six of the locations were selected as pairs that differed in elevation. The concentrations of Al, Ca, Mg, and Fe in fine root tip collections were determined by direct current plasma emission spectroscopy. Element concentrations were not well correlated between collections made from the F and H layers associated with individual trees. The concentration of Ca was significantly higher and the concentrations of Al and Fe were significantly lower in fine root tips collected from the F than in tips collected from the H horizons. Fine root tips collected from the higher elevation member of paired locations yielded a higher Al:Ca ratio than did those collected from the lower elevation member. These results indicated the need to stratify fine root collections by soil horizon within the forest floor.

scholarly journals Pin Oak Root Injury from Soil Acidification with Sulfuric Acid

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Gary W. Watson ◽  
Gary Kupkowski ◽  
Kerstin von der Heide
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Ph Reduction ◽  
Crown Dieback ◽  
Fine Root Density

Abstract Sulfuric acid soil treatments that have been used to reduce soil pH in the landscape can cause root damage. When 5 cm (2 in) diameter holes were filled with 33% (4 N) sulfuric acid, pH reduction of one-half unit or greater was limited to soil within 5 cm (2 in) of the treatment hole and persisted less than 2 years. Fine root density was significantly reduced and root tip injury was significantly increased within 15 cm (6 in) of the treatment hole. Cambium of woody roots greater than 3 mm (0.1 in) diameter was killed up to 25 cm (10 in) from the application hole. Destruction of the cambium would result in the death of the roots beyond the point of cambium injury and may be responsible for crown dieback which sometimes develops following acid treatments in the landscape.

scholarly journals Developmental Dynamics of Meloidogyne hapla in Washington Wine Grapes

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 966-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. East ◽  
Inga A. Zasada ◽  
R. Paul Schreiner ◽  
Michelle M. Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Developmental Dynamics ◽  
Specific Timing

Meloidogyne hapla is the most prevalent plant-parasitic nematode in Washington state wine grape vineyards. Understanding the developmental dynamics of M. hapla can improve the timing of diagnostic sampling and nematicide application. Three Vitis vinifera vineyards in Washington were sampled March 2015 to March 2017 to determine the developmental dynamics of M. hapla by measuring second-stage juveniles (J2) in soil, eggs and adult females in roots, and fine root tips. A model of M. hapla J2 development based on soil growing degree days using a base temperature (Tb) of 0°C (GDDsoil) and a start date of 1 March was developed. This model was validated at two additional vineyards in Washington and was robust with R2 values > 0.74. M. hapla has one generation per year and overwinters primarily as the J2 infective stage. Juvenile populations declined after 1 March, reaching their lowest density in early July and reaching a maximum density over the winter. M. hapla egg and root tip densities reached a maximum in early August. The number of females per root tip did not vary throughout the year. A single generation with defined peaks in J2 population densities will allow for specific timing of nematicide interventions.

Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in the Phleom of Nicotiana Tabacum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw ◽  
Jamison E. Gilder
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Atpase Localization

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity has been shown to be associated with numerous physiological processes in both plants and animal cells. Biochemical studies have shown that in higher plants ATPase activity is high in cell wall preparations and is associated with the plasma membrane, nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts and lysosomes. However, there have been only a few ATPase localization studies of higher plants at the electron microscope level. Poux (1967) demonstrated ATPase activity associated with most cellular organelles in the protoderm cells of Cucumis roots. Hall (1971) has demonstrated ATPase activity in root tip cells of Zea mays. There was high surface activity largely associated with the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata. ATPase activity was also demonstrated in mitochondria, dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plastids.

Soil compaction and organic matter affect conifer seedling nonmycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal root tip abundance and diversity.

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Amaranthus ◽  
Debbie Page-Dumroese ◽  
Al Harvey ◽  
Efren Cazares ◽  
Larry F. Bednar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Conifer Seedling
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document