GhMYB7 promotes secondary wall cellulose deposition in cotton fibers by regulating GhCesA gene expression through three distinct cis ‐elements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Huang ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Yanjun Guo ◽  
Xinli Gan ◽  
Mingming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Cis Elements ◽  
Cellulose Deposition

A TEMPO-catalyzed oxidation-reduction method to probe surface and anhydrous crystalline-core domains of cellulose microfibril bundles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanîa M. Shiga ◽  
Haibing Yang ◽  
Bryan W. Penning ◽  
Anna T. Olek ◽  
Maureen C. McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Cellulose Microfibril ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Crystalline Core ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

Abstract A modified TEMPO-catalyzed oxidation of the solvent-exposed glucosyl units of cellulose to uronic acids, followed by carboxyl reduction with NaBD 4 to 6-deutero- and 6,6-dideuteroglucosyl units, provided a robust method for determining relative proportions of disordered amorphous, ordered surface chains, and anhydrous core-crystalline residues of cellulose microfibrils inaccessible to TEMPO. Both glucosyl residues of cellobiose units, digested from amorphous chains of cellulose with a combination of cellulase and cellobiohydrolase, were deuterated, whereas those from anhydrous chains were undeuterated. By contrast, solvent-exposed and anhydrous residues alternate in surface chains, so only one of the two residues of cellobiosyl units was labeled. Although current estimates indicate that each cellulose microfibril comprises only 18 to 24 (1 , 4)- b eta-D-glucan chains, we show here that microfibrils of walls of Arabidopsis leaves and maize coleoptiles, and those of secondary wall cellulose of cotton fibers and poplar wood, bundle into much larger macrofibrils, with 67 to 86% of the glucan chains in the anhydrous domain. These results indicate extensive bundling of microfibrils into macrofibrils occurs during both primary and secondary wall formation. We discuss how, beyond lignin, the degree of bundling into macrofibrils contributes an additional recalcitrance factor to lignocellulosic biomass for enzymatic or chemical catalytic conversion to biofuel substrates.

scholarly journals RETRACTED ARTICLE: The specific MYB binding sites bound by TaMYB in the GAPCp2/3 promoters are involved in the drought stress response in wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Zhiqiang Song ◽  
Fangfang Li ◽  
Xixi Li ◽  
Haikun Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Cis Elements ◽  
Gus Reporter ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that affects plant growth and productivity. The GAPCp genes play important roles in drought stress tolerance in multiple species. The aim of this experiment was to identify the core cis-regulatory elements that may respond to drought stress in the GAPCp2 and GAPCp3 promoter sequences. Results In this study, the promoters of GAPCp2 and GAPCp3 were cloned. The promoter activities were significantly improved under abiotic stress via regulation of Rluc reporter gene expression, while promoter sequence analysis indicated that these fragments were not almost identical. In transgenic Arabidopsis with the expression of the GUS reporter gene under the control of one of these promoters, the activities of GUS were strong in almost all tissues except the seeds, and the activities were induced after abiotic stress. The yeast one-hybrid system and EMSA demonstrated that TaMYB bound TaGAPCp2P/3P. By analyzing different 5′ deletion mutants of these promoters, it was determined that TaGAPCp2P (− 1312~ − 528) and TaGAPCp3P (− 2049~ − 610), including the MYB binding site, contained enhancer elements that increased gene expression levels under drought stress. We used an effector and a reporter to co-transform tobacco and found that TaMYB interacted with the specific MYB binding sites of TaGAPCp2P (− 1197~ − 635) and TaGAPCp3P (− 1456~ − 1144 and − 718~ − 610) in plant cells. Then, the Y1H system and EMSA assay demonstrated that these MYB binding sites in TaGAPCp2P (− 1135 and − 985) and TaGAPCp3P (− 1414 and − 665) were the target cis-elements of TaMYB. The deletion of the specific MYB binding sites in the promoter fragments significantly restrained the drought response, and these results confirmed that these MYB binding sites (AACTAAA/C) play vital roles in improving the transcription levels under drought stress. The results of qRT-PCR in wheat protoplasts transiently overexpressing TaMYB indicated that the expression of TaGAPCp2/3 induced by abiotic stress was upregulated by TaMYB. Conclusion The MYB binding sites (AACTAAA/C) in TaGAPCp2P/3P were identified as the key cis-elements for responding to drought stress and were bound by the transcription factor TaMYB.

scholarly journals The Dual Functions of WLIM1a in Cell Elongation and Secondary Wall Formation in Developing Cotton Fibers

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 4421-4438 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-B. Han ◽  
Y.-B. Li ◽  
H.-Y. Wang ◽  
X.-M. Wu ◽  
C.-L. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation ◽  
Dual Functions

scholarly journals Expression profiles of cell-wall related genes vary broadly between two common maize inbreds during stem development

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan W. Penning ◽  
Tânia M. Shiga ◽  
John F. Klimek ◽  
Philip J. SanMiguel ◽  
Jacob Shreve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
Stem Development

Abstract Background The cellular machinery for cell wall synthesis and metabolism is encoded by members of large multi-gene families. Maize is both a genetic model for grass species and a potential source of lignocellulosic biomass from crop residues. Genetic improvement of maize for its utility as a bioenergy feedstock depends on identification of the specific gene family members expressed during secondary wall development in stems. Results High-throughput sequencing of transcripts expressed in developing rind tissues of stem internodes provided a comprehensive inventory of cell wall-related genes in maize (Zea mays, cultivar B73). Of 1239 of these genes, 854 were expressed among the internodes at ≥95 reads per 20 M, and 693 of them at ≥500 reads per 20 M. Grasses have cell wall compositions distinct from non-commelinid species; only one-quarter of maize cell wall-related genes expressed in stems were putatively orthologous with those of the eudicot Arabidopsis. Using a slope-metric algorithm, five distinct patterns for sub-sets of co-expressed genes were defined across a time course of stem development. For the subset of genes associated with secondary wall formation, fifteen sequence motifs were found in promoter regions. The same members of gene families were often expressed in two maize inbreds, B73 and Mo17, but levels of gene expression between them varied, with 30% of all genes exhibiting at least a 5-fold difference at any stage. Although presence-absence and copy-number variation might account for much of these differences, fold-changes of expression of a CADa and a FLA11 gene were attributed to polymorphisms in promoter response elements. Conclusions Large genetic variation in maize as a species precludes the extrapolation of cell wall-related gene expression networks even from one common inbred line to another. Elucidation of genotype-specific expression patterns and their regulatory controls will be needed for association panels of inbreds and landraces to fully exploit genetic variation in maize and other bioenergy grass species.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Growth Hormone Receptor Gene Expression by Saturated Fatty Acids: Role of Krüppel-Like Zinc Finger Factor, ZBP-89

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2747-2760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamuna Thimmarayappa ◽  
Jinhong Sun ◽  
Laura E. Schultz ◽  
Prapai Dejkhamron ◽  
Chunxia Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cis Elements ◽  
Gh Receptor ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Receptor Gene Expression

Abstract The expression and function of the GH receptor is critical for the actions of pituitary GH in the intact animal. The role of systemic factors in the reduced expression of the GH receptor and consequent GH insensitivity in pathological states such as sepsis, malnutrition, and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus is unclear. In the current study, we demonstrate that saturated (palmitic and myristic; 50 μm) fatty acids (FA) inhibit activity of the promoter of the major (L2) transcript of the GH receptor gene; unsaturated (oleic and linoleic) FA (200 μm) do not alter activity of the promoter. Comparable effects with palmitic acid and the nonmetabolizable analog bromo-palmitic acid, and failure of triacsin C to abrogate palmitic acids effects on GH receptor expression indicate that this effect is due to direct action(s) of FA. Palmitic acid, but not the unsaturated FA linoleic acid, decreased steady-state levels of endogenous L2 mRNA and GHR protein in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The effect of FA was localized to two cis elements located approximately 600 bp apart on the L2 promoter. EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays established that both these cis elements bind the Krüppel-type zinc finger transcription factor, ZBP-89. Ectopic expression of ZBP-89 amplified the inhibitory effect of FA on L2 promoter activity and on steady-state levels of endogenous L2 mRNA in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Mutational analyses of the two ZBP-89 binding sites revealed that both the sites are essential for palmitic acid’s inhibitory effect on the L2 promoter and for the enhancing effect of ZBP-89 on palmitic acid-induced inhibition of the L2 promoter. Our results establish a molecular basis for FA-induced inhibition of GH receptor gene expression in the pathogenesis of acquired GH insensitivity in pathological states such as poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and small for gestational age.

scholarly journals Multiple factors regulating the expression of human thromboxane synthase gene

1996 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Der LEE ◽  
Seung Joon BAEK ◽  
Rong-Fong SHEN
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Reporter Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Sequence ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cis Elements ◽  
Thromboxane Synthase ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Repressive Effect

Characterization of the 5.5 kb promoter of human thromboxane synthase (TS) gene revealed a proximal positive regulatory sequence (PPRS, -90 to -25 bp) and several distal repressive elements. The maximal promoter activity was found to reside within the first 285 bp, ∼75% of which was contributed by the PPRS. The sequence between -365 and -665 bp exerted a strong repressive effect (∼55%) on reporter gene expression independent of orientation and position, consistent with properties expected for a silencer. The sequence upstream of -665 bp to -5.5 kb contains mainly repressive elements which further reduce the promoter activity by 30%. The 65 bp PPRS worked in an orientation-independent, but position-dependent, manner and could be further divided into two independent elements, PPRS1 (-90 to -50 bp) and PPRS2 (-50 to -25 bp). While similar nuclear factor(s) from different cell types interact with PPRS2, those interacting with PPRS1 exhibit cell specificity. Internal sequence deletion and oligonucleotide competition established that a binding sequence for NF-E2 in PPRS1 (-60 tgctgattcat -50) was important for enhancing TS promoter activity in HL-60 cells. The presence of NF-E2 mRNA in HL-60 cells was demonstrated by reverse-transcription PCR amplification of the cDNA and Northern blot analysis. A 9-fold transactivation of luciferase (luc) reporter gene expression had been detected when NF-E2 cDNA was co-expressed with a TS promoter/luc construct. Despite the fact that NF-E2 and the cis-elements could alter the efficiency of TS transcription, they were not sufficient for restricting cell-specific TS expression. Analysis of the methylation status at the TS promoter in several human cell lines reveals cell-specific patterns of methylation that might correlate with TS expression. Taken together, these results suggest that the expression of human TS gene is modulated by multiple factors including cis-elements, trans-activator(s), and possibly genomic methylation.

Adenosine–uridine-rich element is one of the required cis-elements for epimastigote form stage-specific gene expression of the congolense epimastigote specific protein

2013 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Suganuma ◽  
Kennedy Miyoro Mochabo ◽  
Hassan Hakimi ◽  
Shino Yamasaki ◽  
Junya Yamagishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Cis Elements ◽  
Specific Gene Expression

scholarly journals cis Elements that Mediate RNA Polymerase II Pausing Regulate Human Gene Expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Watts ◽  
Joshua Burdick ◽  
Jillian Daigneault ◽  
Zhengwei Zhu ◽  
Christopher Grunseich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Human Gene ◽  
Cis Elements ◽  
Human Gene Expression
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