Oral Session 402 on Infectious Diseases: Interface of Viruses With the Immune Response

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. e13481
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Oral Session

Notch signaling pathway in infectious diseases: role in the regulation of immune response

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-274
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cardoso Castro ◽  
Relber Aguiar Gonçales ◽  
Fabiana Albani Zambuzi ◽  
Fabiani Gai Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway

scholarly journals MicroRNAs: Biological Regulators in Pathogen–Host Interactions

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Maia Acuña ◽  
Lucile Maria Floeter-Winter ◽  
Sandra Marcia Muxel
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biological Aspects

An inflammatory response is essential for combating invading pathogens. Several effector components, as well as immune cell populations, are involved in mounting an immune response, thereby destroying pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. In the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of noncoding small RNAs, have emerged as functionally significant regulatory molecules with the significant capability of fine-tuning biological processes. The important role of miRNAs in inflammation and immune responses is highlighted by studies in which the regulation of miRNAs in the host was shown to be related to infectious diseases and associated with the eradication or susceptibility of the infection. Here, we review the biological aspects of microRNAs, focusing on their roles as regulators of gene expression during pathogen–host interactions and their implications in the immune response against Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Toxoplasma, and Plasmodium infectious diseases.

Vaccination today and tomorrow

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Increasing Knowledge ◽  
Empirical Approaches

The vaccines against infectious diseases in use today are, with few exceptions, prepared from the causal agents themselves, either by inactivating them with a chemical such as formaldehyde or by attenuating them so that they grow and thus evoke an immune response in the natural host but cause no disease. These empirical approaches have produced many highly successful vaccines. Increasing knowledge at the molecular level of the agents and of the immune response to protein antigent is now providing us with the opportunity to design vaccines that will elicit protective responses without the need to use the agents themselves. The critical issue is to identify the immune responses that correlate with protection.

Special Issue on "Immunomodulatory and therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases"

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Lavkush Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

Infectious diseases and consequent immune imbalancesare major constraint in human health managementthroughout the world. However, in recentdecades enormous efforts have been made to elucidatethe immunomodulatory approaches againstinfectious diseases. Immunomodulation is a therapeuticapproach in which we try to intervene inauto regulating processes of the defense system toadjust the immune response at a desired level.The present special issue on cutting edge issues inImmunomodulation like Immune stimulation, Immunesuppression, Immune potentiating and immunereinforcement summarizes our current understandingof this complex mosaic. The accompanyingselection of recent articles from across theworld provides further insight into this topic. 

scholarly journals Type I Natural Killer T Cells as Key Regulators of the Immune Response to Infectious Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. e00232-20
Author(s):  
Nicolás M. S. Gálvez ◽  
Karen Bohmwald ◽  
Gaspar A. Pacheco ◽  
Catalina A. Andrade ◽  
Leandro J. Carreño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Nkt Cells ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Type I ◽  
Inkt Cells ◽  
Class I Mhc ◽  
Natural Killer T

SUMMARYThe immune system must work in an orchestrated way to achieve an optimal response upon detection of antigens. The cells comprising the immune response are traditionally divided into two major subsets, innate and adaptive, with particular characteristics for each type. Type I natural killer T (iNKT) cells are defined as innate-like T cells sharing features with both traditional adaptive and innate cells, such as the expression of an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) and several NK receptors. The invariant TCR in iNKT cells interacts with CD1d, a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-like molecule. CD1d can bind and present antigens of lipid nature and induce the activation of iNKT cells, leading to the secretion of various cytokines, such as gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). These cytokines will aid in the activation of other immune cells following stimulation of iNKT cells. Several molecules with the capacity to bind to CD1d have been discovered, including α-galactosylceramide. Likewise, several molecules have been synthesized that are capable of polarizing iNKT cells into different profiles, either pro- or anti-inflammatory. This versatility allows NKT cells to either aid or impair the clearance of pathogens or to even control or increase the symptoms associated with pathogenic infections. Such diverse contributions of NKT cells to infectious diseases are supported by several publications showing either a beneficial or detrimental role of these cells during diseases. In this article, we discuss current data relative to iNKT cells and their features, with an emphasis on their driving role in diseases produced by pathogenic agents in an organ-oriented fashion.

scholarly journals Characteristics of HLA-E Restricted T-Cell Responses and Their Role in Infectious Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone A. Joosten ◽  
Lucy C. Sullivan ◽  
Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Self Antigens

Human HLA-E can, in addition to self-antigens, also present pathogen-derived sequences, which elicit specific T-cell responses. T-cells recognize their antigen presented by HLA-E highly specifically and have unique functional and phenotypical properties. Pathogen specific HLA-E restricted CD8+T-cells are an interesting new player in the field of immunology. Future work should address their exact roles and relative contributions in the immune response against infectious diseases.

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