scholarly journals Differential impact of amino acids on OXPHOS system activity following carbohydrate starvation in Arabidopsis cell suspensions

2017 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Henrique F. Cavalcanti ◽  
Carla G. S. Quinhones ◽  
Peter Schertl ◽  
Danielle S. Brito ◽  
Holger Eubel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Carbohydrate Starvation ◽  
Oxphos System

scholarly journals The Glyphosate Target Enzyme 5-Enolpyruvyl Shikimate 3-Phosphate Synthase (EPSPS) Contains Several EPSPS-Associated Domains in Fungi

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Tuomas Tall ◽  
Pere Puigbò
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Shikimate Pathway ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate ◽  
Target Enzyme ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) is the central enzyme of the shikimate pathway to synthesize three aromatic amino acids in fungi, plants and prokaryotes. This enzyme is the target of the herbicide glyphosate. In most plants and prokaryotes, the EPSPS protein is constituted by a single domain, whereas in fungi, it contains several EPSPS-associated domains. Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis of 390 EPSPS proteins of fungi to determine the distribution and the evolution of the EPSPS-associated domains. The results of this study will be useful to determine the potential differential impact of glyphosate on alternative domain architectures in fungi.

Influence of Carbohydrate Starvation and Arginine on Culturability and Amino Acid Utilization of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Stuart ◽  
Lan Szu Chou ◽  
Bart C. Weimer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Logarithmic Phase ◽  
Phase Growth ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Carbohydrate Starvation ◽  
Amino Acid Utilization ◽  
Carbohydrate Depletion

ABSTRACT Two strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis were used to determine the influence of lactose and arginine on viability and amino acid use during carbohydrate starvation. Lactose provided energy for logarithmic-phase growth, and amino acids such as arginine provided energy after carbohydrate exhaustion. Survival time, cell numbers, and ATP concentrations increased with the addition of arginine to the basal medium. By the onset of lactose exhaustion, the concentrations of glycine-valine and glutamate had decreased by as much as 67% in L. lactisML3, whereas the serine concentration increased by 97% during the same period. When no lactose was added, the concentrations of these amino acids remained constant. Similar trends were observed for L. lactis 11454. Without lactose or arginine, L. lactisML3 was nonculturable on agar but was viable after 2 days, as measured by fluorescent viability stains and intracellular ATP levels. However,L. lactis 11454 without lactose or arginine remained culturable for at least 14 days. These data suggest that lactococci become viable but nonculturable in response to carbohydrate depletion. Additionally, these data indicate that amino acids other than arginine facilitate the survival of L. lactis during carbohydrate starvation.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Starvation Causes a Metabolically Active but Nonculturable State in Lactococcus lactis†

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 2498-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balasubramanian Ganesan ◽  
Mark R. Stuart ◽  
Bart C. Weimer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Intracellular Atp ◽  
Carbohydrate Starvation ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Nonculturable State ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

ABSTRACT This study characterized the ability of lactococci to become nonculturable under carbohydrate starvation while maintaining metabolic activity. We determined the changes in physiological parameters and extracellular substrate levels of multiple lactococcal strains under a number of environmental conditions along with whole-genome expression profiles. Three distinct phases were observed, logarithmic growth, sugar exhaustion, and nonculturability. Shortly after carbohydrate starvation, each lactococcal strain lost the ability to form colonies on solid media but maintained an intact cell membrane and metabolic activity for over 3.5 years. ML3, a strain that metabolized lactose rapidly, reached nonculturability within 1 week. Strains that metabolized lactose slowly (SK11) or not at all (IL1403) required 1 to 3 months to become nonculturable. In all cases, the cells contained at least 100 pM of intracellular ATP after 6 months of starvation and remained at that level for the remainder of the study. Aminopeptidase and lipase/esterase activities decreased below detection limits during the nonculturable phase. During sugar exhaustion and entry into nonculturability, serine and methionine were produced, while glutamine and arginine were depleted from the medium. The cells retained the ability to transport amino acids via proton motive force and peptides via ATP-driven translocation. The addition of branched-chain amino acids to the culture medium resulted in increased intracellular ATP levels and new metabolic products, indicating that branched-chain amino acid catabolism resulted in energy and metabolic products to support survival during starvation. Gene expression analysis showed that the genes responsible for sugar metabolism were repressed as the cells entered nonculturability. The genes responsible for cell division were repressed, while autolysis and cell wall metabolism genes were induced neither at starvation nor during nonculturability. Taken together, these observations verify that carbohydrate-starved lactococci attain a nonculturable state wherein sugar metabolism, cell division, and autolysis are repressed, allowing the cells to maintain transcription, metabolic activity, and energy production during a state that produces new metabolites not associated with logarithmic growth.

MEMBRANE SPECIFICITY OF LEUCONOSTOC MESENTEROIDES FOR THE STEREOISOMERIC FORMS OF GLYCINE AND VALINE DIPEPTIDES

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar C. Yoder ◽  
Kathryn C. Beamer ◽  
Damon C. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Stereospecific Synthesis ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
High Uptake ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Very High

Transport systems of Leuconostoc mesenteroides differ greatly in the stereochemical specificity exhibited for amino acids and dipeptides. Nongrowing cell suspensions of this organism accumulated D- and L-valine to approximately the same extent, whereas no measurable transport of valine from glycyl-D-valine occurred. In concurrent studies, however, a very high uptake of valine was found from glycyl-L-valine. Stereospecific synthesis of the various radioactive valine dipeptides permitted more extensive studies. No valine transport was found from any of the isomeric forms if D-valine was one of the amino acid moieties. Consistent with these observations, no hydrolysis of any dipeptide by intracellular dipeptidases could be detected when D-valine was a part of the peptide. This difference in stereochemical specificity supports the concept of separate transport sites for amino acids and related dipeptides.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Production from Amino Acids and α-Keto Acids by Brevibacterium linens BL2

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 6385-6393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balasubramanian Ganesan ◽  
Kimberly Seefeldt ◽  
Bart C. Weimer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Brevibacterium Linens ◽  
Carbohydrate Starvation ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT Low concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids, such as isobutyric and isovaleric acids, develop during the ripening of hard cheeses and contribute to the beneficial flavor profile. Catabolism of amino acids, such as branched-chain amino acids, by bacteria via aminotransferase reactions and α-keto acids is one mechanism to generate these flavorful compounds; however, metabolism of α-keto acids to flavor-associated compounds is controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of Brevibacterium linens BL2 to produce fatty acids from amino acids and α-keto acids and determine the occurrence of the likely genes in the draft genome sequence. BL2 catabolized amino acids to fatty acids only under carbohydrate starvation conditions. The primary fatty acid end products from leucine were isovaleric acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid. In contrast, logarithmic-phase cells of BL2 produced fatty acids from α-keto acids only. BL2 also converted α-keto acids to branched-chain fatty acids after carbohydrate starvation was achieved. At least 100 genes are potentially involved in five different metabolic pathways. The genome of B. linens ATCC 9174 contained these genes for production and degradation of fatty acids. These data indicate that brevibacteria have the ability to produce fatty acids from amino and α-keto acids and that carbon metabolism is important in regulating this event.

Phenylacetic acid production by Bacteroides gingivalis from phenylalanine and phenylalanine-containing peptides

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1184-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bourgeau ◽  
D. Mayrand
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Phenylpyruvic Acid ◽  
Phenyllactic Acid ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Resting Cell ◽  
Hydrocinnamic Acid ◽  
Bacteroides Gingivalis

Phenylacetic acid production and growth of Bacteroides gingivalis were directly proportional to the trypticase content of the medium. L-Phenylalanine enhanced phenylacetic acid production; 5 mg L-phenylalanine per millilitre stimulated maximum production of phenylacetic acid. Peptides (2–4 amino acids) containing L-phenylalanine also stimulated phenylacetic acid production as did phenylpyruvic acid. Resting cell suspensions of B. gingivalis also produced phenylacetic acid when incubated aerobically in the presence of L-phenylalanine and phenylpyruvic acid. Hydrocinnamic acid (3-phenylpropionic acid) and phenyllactic acid were also produced by resting cell suspensions. Our results suggest that L-phenylalanine and phenylpyruvic acid are both precursors to phenylacetic acid.

scholarly journals Differential Impact of Dietary Branched Chain and Aromatic Amino Acids on Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samyuktha Muralidharan Pillai ◽  
Brigitte Herzog ◽  
Petra Seebeck ◽  
Giovanni Pellegrini ◽  
Eva Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease Progression ◽  
Kidney Disease Progression ◽  
Branched Chain

Homochirality as the Signature of Extra-Terrestrial Life

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 505-510
Author(s):  
Alexandra J. MacDermott ◽  
Laurence D. Barron ◽  
Andrè Brack ◽  
Thomas Buhse ◽  
John R. Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Physical Origin ◽  
Natural Choice ◽  
Rosetta Mission ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Origin Of Homochirality

AbstractThe most characteristic hallmark of life is its homochirality: all biomolecules are usually of one hand, e.g. on Earth life uses only L-amino acids for protein synthesis and not their D mirror images. We therefore suggest that a search for extra-terrestrial life can be approached as a Search for Extra- Terrestrial Homochirality (SETH). The natural choice for a SETH instrument is optical rotation, and we describe a novel miniaturized space polarimeter, called the SETH Cigar, which could be used to detect optical rotation as the homochiral signature of life on other planets. Moving parts are avoided by replacing the normal rotating polarizer by multiple fixed polarizers at different angles as in the eye of the bee. We believe that homochirality may be found in the subsurface layers on Mars as a relic of extinct life, and on other solar system bodies as a sign of advanced pre-biotic chemistry. We discuss the chiral GC-MS planned for the Roland lander of the Rosetta mission to a comet and conclude with theories of the physical origin of homochirality.

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