scholarly journals Ecological Countermeasures for Preventing Zoonotic Disease Outbreaks: When Ecological Restoration is a Human Health Imperative

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie K. Reaser ◽  
Arne Witt ◽  
Gary M. Tabor ◽  
Peter J. Hudson ◽  
Raina K. Plowright
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Zoonotic Disease

scholarly journals Role of regulatory capacity in the animal and human health systems in driving response to zoonotic disease outbreaks in the the Mekong region

One Health ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 100369
Author(s):  
Barbara McPake ◽  
Katherine Gilbert ◽  
Sreytouch Vong ◽  
Bandeth Ros ◽  
Has Phalmony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Mekong Region ◽  
Regulatory Capacity

scholarly journals Who do you know? Zoonotic disease communication networks of livestock producers, veterinarians, human health professionals, and emergency managers

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Lauri Baker ◽  
Ashley McLeod-Morin ◽  
Mariah Bausch ◽  
Angela Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Wide Range

Zoonotic disease epidemics are on the rise with emerging diseases being identified that affect humans and animals alike. An understanding about communication networks of those involved in managing a zoonotic disease outbreak is necessary to develop a strong communication response in the event of a zoonotic disease outbreak. The purpose of this study was to explore the communication networks of livestock producers, veterinarians, human health professionals, and emergency managers related to zoonotic disease. In-depth interviews were conducted with 41 people within key areas of one state in an effort to understand how communication networks may be activated during a crisis. This study revealed a wide range of information sources that livestock producers, medical professionals, veterinarians, and emergency managers seek information from. The results from this study also highlight the communication gaps, such as veterinarians not communicating with livestock producers, emergency managers not communicating with medical professionals and livestock producers, and a lack of communication between medical professionals and livestock producers. It is recommended that professionals who play a key role in zoonotic disease outbreaks, such as livestock producers, veterinarians, human health professionals, and emergency managers, cultivate and maintain relationships outside their usual professional group beyond times of disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Trade and Deforestation Predict Rat Lungworm Disease, an Invasive-Driven Zoonosis, at Global and Regional Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz A. de Wit ◽  
Taylor H. Ricketts
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Rat Lungworm ◽  
Land Use Policies

The introduction of non-native species and deforestation are both important drivers of environmental change that can also facilitate the geographic spread of zoonotic pathogens and increase disease risk in humans. With ongoing trends in globalization and land-use conversions, introduced species and deforestation are ever more likely to pose threats to human health. Here, we used rat lungworm disease, an emerging zoonotic disease caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis and maintained by invasive rats and snails, to explore how these two forms of environmental change can impact zoonotic disease risk. We used logistic regressions to examine the role of global trade in the introduction of A. cantonensis at a country level and used model estimates to predict the probability of introduction as a function of trade. We then used hurdle-based regression models to examine the association between deforestation and rat lungworm disease in two regions where A. cantonensis is already established: Hawaii and Thailand. At the global scale, we found the trade of horticultural products to be an important driver in the spread of A. cantonensis and that the majority of countries at high risk of future A. cantonensis introduction are islands. At country scales, we found deforestation to increase the per-capita risk of A. cantonensis exposure in Hawaii and Thailand. Our study provides a preliminary view of the associations between species introductions, deforestation, and risk of A. cantonensis exposure in people. Better understanding how these two widespread and overlapping forms of environmental change affect human health can inform international biosecurity protocols, invasive species management, and land-use policies.

scholarly journals Is Uganda a hub for zoonotic disease outbreaks? Lessons and challenges from ebola, marburg, yellow fever and anthrax outbreaks

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nabukenya ◽  
L. Lukwago ◽  
C. Okot ◽  
J.F. Wamala ◽  
M. Malimbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Zoonotic Disease

scholarly journals Macro-level study on Climate Change effects on agriculture and human health in Western Himalayas: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Forest Pest ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The current study reveals that the western Himalayas has a fragile ecosystem, highly susceptible to rapid changes in land morphology due to the consequences of climate change. Land-use and climatic change in this region has negative impacts on agriculture and human health. Increasing temperature, erratic precipitation, and rising CO2 concentrations are the main drivers which show adverse effects on agriculture and human health. The impacts trends in this region can be categorised into exacerbated pathogenicity are pathogens, and hence disease outbreaks, changes in the traditional agriculture techniques, and people’s migration that directly changes in ecological and leading to social inequalities. In the last few decades, there have been changes in vector species distribution in agriculture and increases of forest pest species attacks by climate change in agriculture and forest pest increases, and parasites are emerging during periods of these last few decades. Enhancement of seasonal transmission and distribution of pests pushes food insecurity and vector-borne infections deteriorate human health. This review article tries to analyse different literature on the effects of climate change on agriculture and human health in the Western Himalayas and suggest agroforestry and agroecology is some of the strategies to overcome climate change impact.

scholarly journals Ecological Countermeasures for Pandemic Prevention: When Ecological Restoration is a Human Health Imperative

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Reaser ◽  
Arne Witt ◽  
Gary M. Tabor ◽  
Peter Hudson ◽  
Raina K. Plowright
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Restoration Ecology ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Human Ecosystem ◽  
Point Action

Ecological restoration should be regarded as a public health service. Unfortunately, the lack of quantitative linkages between environmental and human health has limited recognition of these principle. Advent of COVID-19 pandemic provides the impetus for the further discussion. We propose ecological countermeasures as highly targeted, landscape-based interventions to arrest the drivers of land use-induced zoonotic spillover. We provide examples of ecological restoration activities that reduce zoonotic disease risk and a five-point action plan at the human-ecosystem health nexus. In conclusion, we make the case that ecological countermeasures are a tenent of restoration ecology with human health goals.

Understanding framings and perceptions of spillover

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Tweneboah Lawson ◽  
Fidelia Ohemeng ◽  
Jesse Ayivor ◽  
Melissa Leach ◽  
Linda Waldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Bats provide many ecosystem services and have intrinsic value. They also act as host reservoirs for some viruses. Several studies have linked zoonotic diseases to bats, raising questions about the risks bats pose, especially to people living close to bat roosts. Through a series of case studies undertaken in three communities, the purpose of this paper is to explore the various ways in which framings and perceptions of bats can influence a potential spillover of bat-borne viruses to humans in Ghana. It assesses the social, cultural and economic factors that drive human-bat interactions and posits that understanding the socio-economic contexts in which human-bat interactions occur is key to the success of future communication strategies. Design/methodology/approach Primary data collection methods included participatory landscape mappings, transect walks, focus group discussions and questionnaire surveys. Findings Perceptions of bats vary and are influenced by personal beliefs, the perceived economic benefits derived from bats and the location of bat roosts. Activities that put people at risk include bat hunting, butchering and consumption of poorly prepared bat meat. Those who live and work close to bat roosts, and bat hunters, for example, are more at risk of bat-borne zoonotic disease spillover. Disease risk perceptions were generally low, with high levels of uncertainty, indicating the need for clearer information about personal protective practices. Originality/value The results of the study may well inform future risk communication strategies as well as help in developing effective responses to zoonotic disease risk, disease outbreaks and the conservation of bats in communities.

scholarly journals Disease Outbreak, Health Scare, and Distance Decay: Evidence from HPAI Shocks in Chinese Meat Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8009
Author(s):  
Lan Yi ◽  
Congcong Duan ◽  
Jianping Tao ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
Meihua Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Distance Decay ◽  
Spatial Spillovers ◽  
Meat Price ◽  
Price Risks ◽  
Meat Sector

Background: During zoonotic disease shocks (ZDSs), zoonotic disease outbreaks (ZDOs) can induce public health scares (PHSs), causing meat price risks (MPRs). Nevertheless, spatial spillovers of zoonotic disease shocks in meat markets remain unclear. We explore how zoonotic disease outbreaks and public health scares locally and spatially spill over to meat price risks, and whether spatial spillovers of public health scares decay with distance. Methods: (i) We construct a long panel covering 30 provinces and 121 months, using highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemics as exogenous shocks in Chinese meat sector. (ii) We decompose zoonotic disease shocks into zoonotic disease outbreaks (objective incident) and public health scares (subjective information) and examine their spillovers to meat price risks. (iii) We identify distance-decaying spatial spillovers of public health scares, by running our dynamic SAR models 147 times, from 80 km to 3000 km with 20 km as incremental value, in a setting with risk-level heterogeneity. Results: (i) Zoonotic disease outbreaks themselves only cause local and neighboring meat price risks for high-risk meat, not for low-risk or substitute meat. (ii) Public health scares exacerbate local and neighboring meat price risks for high-risk and low-risk meat, and local meat price risks for substitute meat. (iii) Spatial spillovers of public health scares are distance-decaying and U-shaped, with four spatial attenuation boundaries, and distance turning point is shorter for high-risk meat (500 km) than for low-risk meat (800 km). Conclusions: We complement the literature by arguing that health scares induced by disease outbreaks negatively spill over to meat prices, with U-shaped distance-decaying spatial effects. This suggests low interregional spatial market integration in meat products, due to distance decay of nonstandardized information and local government control effects, across provincial boundaries. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to document nonmonotonic distance decay of health scare effects on food prices, previously not found by the literature.

scholarly journals A tool for rapid assessment of wildlife markets in the Asia-Pacific Region for risk of future zoonotic disease outbreaks

One Health ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100279
Author(s):  
Eric Wikramanayake ◽  
Dirk U. Pfeiffer ◽  
Ioannis Magouras ◽  
Anne Conan ◽  
Stefan Ziegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region

scholarly journals Impact of zoonotic disease outbreaks on international wildlife trade dynamics in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfred Bempah ◽  
Moses A. Nartey ◽  
Kwaku B. Dakwa ◽  
Kevin Messenger
Keyword(s):  
Trade Flow ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Trade Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWildlife is under intense pressure from trade, which most likely contributes to zoonotic diseases. The study explores the impact of zoonotic disease outbreaks on the wildlife trade of Ghana. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the trends of taxa trade and factors that influence trade from 1975–2018 by combining zoonotic disease data with data from the CITES database. Trade flow showed that reptiles were the most traded group, followed by birds, mammals, and amphibians. Species of the families Pythonidae, Dendrobatidae, Cercopithecidae, and Psittacidae were the most traded. The decade mean number of trade for 1997–2007 was the highest (n = 62) followed by 2008–2018 (n = 54.4). Most exporter countries that traded with Ghana are from Africa and importers from the United States of America, Europe and Asia. Continuous trade in reptiles and birds, especially the endangered pythons and psittacus species, could lead to their extinction in the wild. The outbreak of zoonotic diseases influenced the dynamics of the wildlife trade in Ghana as traders shifted their activities among taxa over a period of time. Because those taxa were observed to harbour zoonotic diseases and constitute high health risks when traded. Mammals’ trade flow decreased with disease outbreaks over time, while reptiles increased. Early detection of zoonotic diseases and the adoption of an expanded education module on avoiding species capable of harbouring pathogens will most likely help reduce trade in wildlife.

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