THE INFLUENCE OF FREEZE–THAW CYCLES ON UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CLAY SOILS TREATED WITH LIME

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Firoozi ◽  
Mohd Raihan Taha ◽  
Ali Asghar Firoozi ◽  
Tanveer Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

There are several questions that are not well understood with respect to the long-term stability characteristics of lime-treated clay soils in spite of being used as a conventional technique to improve the properties of clay soils. This paper investigates the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the unconfined compressive strength of kaolinite and illite mixed with silica sand. The results of this study show that an increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles decreases the unconfined compressive strength. The role of lime increasing the soil strength is more significant in the case of samples exposed to freeze-thaw cycles compared to those not exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the dry unit weight and moisture content is insignificant compared to unexposed samples. The maximum volumetric changes occurred in the first freeze-thaw cycle, and afterward, the rate of volume change decreased with an increase in freeze—thaw cycles.

scholarly journals Study on Strength Characteristics of Solidified Contaminated Soil under Freeze-Thaw Cycle Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Jinyang Cui
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Microcosmic Mechanism ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cement solidification/stabilization is a commonly used method for the remediation of contaminated soils. The stability characteristics of solidified/stabilized contaminated soils under freeze-thaw cycle are very important. A series of tests, which include unconfined compressive strength tests, freeze-thaw cycle tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests, are performed to study the variation law of strength characteristics and microstructure. It aims at revealing the microcosmic mechanism of solidified/stabilized Pb2+ contaminated soils with cement under freeze-thaw cycle. The results show that the unconfined compressive strength of the contaminated soils significantly improved with the increase of the cement content. The unconfined compressive strength of stabilized contaminated soils first increases with the increase of times of freeze-thaw cycle, and after reaching the peak, it decreases with the increase of times of freeze-thaw cycle. The results of the scanning electron microscopy tests are consistent with those of the unconfined compressive strength tests. This paper also reveals the microcosmic mechanism of the changes in engineering of the stabilized contaminated soils under freeze-thaw cycle.

Electrical Resistivity of Rubberized Cement-Soil in Formidable Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1606-1609
Author(s):  
Feng Chi Wang ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Man Yuan Zhang ◽  
Xiao Jun Yin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Dependence Relation ◽  
Rubber Powder ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Salt Corrosion ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Cement Soil

Based on experiments of salt corrosion, freeze-thaw cycle and co-action of salt corrosion and freeze-thaw cycle, the electrical resistivity of rubberized cement-soil in formidable natural environment were studied. Under the environment of salt corrosion and freeze-thaw alone, with the increasing of rubber powder content, the electrical resistivity rises at first and then falls down. But under co-action of salt corrosion and freeze-thaw cycle, the electrical resistivity shows descending trend. The electrical resistivity of rubberized cement-soil with No.60 sieve rubber powder is higher than that with No.30 Sieve. The results indicate that there are good linear dependence relation between the electrical resistivity and unconfined compressive strength. For rubberized cement-soil, it is feasible for using electrical resistivity to predict unconfined compressive strength.

scholarly journals Study on Application Effect of Sand Consolidating Agent for the Slope of Highway Subgrade in Season Frozen Zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongliang Zhang ◽  
Guangqing Yang ◽  
Xiaodi Niu ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Zhijie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Direct Shear Tests ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Sand Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Sandy Slope ◽  
Sand Particles

In deep season frozen areas, the solidified layer is easy to be destroyed due to the influence of freeze-thaw cycles after the surface layer of the sandy slope is solidified by chemical methods. In order to study the application effect of the new sand consolidating agent after solidifying sand body, the mechanism of strength formation was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The freeze-thaw cycle tests were carried out on sand consolidating samples. The direct shear tests and unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out before and after freeze-thaw cycles to analyze the freeze-thaw resistance of sand consolidating samples. The sand consolidation agent was tested on-site, and its strength was tested to observe its effect. The results showed that the adhesive membranes on the surface of sand particles were formed by the sand consolidating agent, which increased the cohesion and strength of sand particles. After freeze-thaw cycle tests, the cohesion, internal friction angle, and compressive strength of the solidified sand gradually decreased with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. The decreasing rate reduced from fast to slow and then tends to be stable. The failure mode of samples changed from brittle failure to plastic failure. The sand consolidating layer can effectively prevent collapse of the sandy slope. Combining with the external-soil spray seeding, the sand consolidation layer is beneficial to the growth of plants.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Micro Structure of Cement Concrete in Freeze-Thaw Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Xin jian Lv ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Ming ming Chai
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Dynamic Elastic Modulus ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Salty Water ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

In order to find the declay law of mechanical property and the performance difference after salty water and fresh water freeze-thaw cycle, freeze-thaw cycle environments under the salty water and fresh water are simulated. The compressive strength, dynamic elastic modulus and the mass lost are tested. The pore structure parameters are also tested by MIP. Plot the pore diameter distribution curve. The result shows that the compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus are all decreased. The degree of these two properties decreasing under salty water freeze and thaw recycle is more than the one under fresh water. The parameters of porosity and critical pore diameter become larger. The amount of pores whose diameter is between 100nm and 1000nm increase. The amount of pores whose diameter is under 100nm decrease. The deteriorate degree of pore structure is deeper in salty water than in fresh water.

scholarly journals Dynamic Mechanical Response and Dissipated Energy Analysis of Sandstone under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ke Man ◽  
Zongxu Liu ◽  
Zhifei Song ◽  
Xiaoli Liu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Pore Evolution ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Dynamic Compressive Strength

Based on the sandstone from the slope of Baorixile open-pit mining area in Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia, the dynamic uniaxial compression test of sandstone with different freeze-thaw cycles has been carried out by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar test (SHPB). The test results show that the crushing degree of sandstone becomes serious with the freeze-thaw cycle times and strain rate increases. The dynamic compressive strength increases with the raise of strain rate under the same freeze-thaw cycles, while it reduces with the increases of freeze-thaw cycles at the same strain rate. It is found that the 10 freeze-thaw cycles are an obvious inflection point. When it is less than 10 cycles, the dynamic compressive strength of sandstone specimens decreases rapidly, it is more than 10 cycles, and the strength decreases gradually. This is due to that the evolution progress of pores in sandstone is more uniform after a certain number of freeze-thaw cycles. Meantime, the effect of freezing and thawing is mostly restrained by the pore evolution. On the other hand, the dissipated energy required for sandstone failure grows up with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles. It shows that more energy is needed for the engender of pores and fractures in sandstone caused by freeze-thaw cycle. This led to the deterioration of sandstone structural stability and the decrease of dynamic mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Study on Long-Term Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Degradation Law of Sandstone under Freeze-Thaw Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Qingsong Pu ◽  
Junhong Huang ◽  
Fuling Zeng ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
Xinping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Dynamic Compressive Strength

This study is based on the tunnel-face slope engineering of Dongfeng tunnel in Shanxi section of China’s Shuozhou-Huanghua Railway. The sandstone specimens in the perennial freeze-thaw zone of the slope were collected to carry out freeze-thaw cycle static physical mechanics test and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) dynamic mechanical test. Thus, the damage process of sandstone under freeze-thaw cycle and impact load is studied. Also, the dynamic compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus of sandstone are analysed under different loading strain rates and freeze-thaw cycle based on LS-DYNA, a dynamic finite element program. The results showed that the dynamic compressive strength of sandstone subjected to multiple freeze-thaw cycles under 0.04 MPa air pressure has a greater damage ratio than that under 0.055 MPa and 0.07 MPa air pressure, which was more likely to cause damage to slope sandstone than in actual engineering; the dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus of sandstone decrease greatly within a certain range of freeze-thaw cycles and loading strain rate, leading to significant deterioration. When the freeze-thaw cycle exceeded 200 times and the strain rate was greater than 200 s−1, the physical and mechanical properties of sandstone gradually tended to be stable.

scholarly journals DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED CONCRETE WITH LITHIUM SLAG UNDER FREEZE-THAW CYCLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
Yongjun Qin ◽  
Jiejing Chen ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Yi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Lithium Slag

A water freeze-thaw cycle and sulfate freeze-thaw coupling cycle were explored experimentally to evaluate the durability of recycled concrete with lithium slag (LS). The damage-deterioration law was studied from the aspects of mass-change rate, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, and cube’s compressive strength. Based on the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, the damage-degree equation of the concrete was fitted, and a mechanical-attenuation model related to this parameter and the cube’s compressive strength was established and verified. The damage mechanism under the action of the sulfate freeze-thaw cycle was revealed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The combination of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and LS was beneficial to the anti-deterioration ability of the concrete. During the cycle experiments, the mass and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity increased initially and then decreased, while the cube’s compressive strength declined continually. The concrete with a 30 % RCA substitution rate and 20 % LS exhibited the optimal comprehensive durability, and specimens with excessive LS showed more susceptibility to sulfate erosion. The residual compressive strength of concrete structures can be evaluated by measuring the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity as the two parameters are ideally correlated.

scholarly journals Influence of the Size and Type of Pores on Brick Resistance to Freeze-Thaw Cycles

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3717
Author(s):  
Ivanka Netinger Grubeša ◽  
Martina Vračević ◽  
Vilma Ducman ◽  
Berislav Marković ◽  
Imre Szenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Overall Resistance ◽  
Open Versus

This paper estimates the frost resistance of bricks using the ratio of compressive strength before freezing to compressive strength after freezing to describe the damage degree of bricks being exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. In an effort to find the ratio that clearly distinguishes resistant bricks from non-resistant bricks, the authors attempted to establish the correlation between the ratio and Maage factor as a recognized model for assessing brick resistance. To clarify the degree of damage of individual bricks, the pore size distribution has been investigated by means of mercury porosimetry. Additionally, micro computed X-ray tomography (micro-CT) has been employed to define the influence of the type of pores (open or closed) and their connectivity on the frost resistance of bricks. According to the results, it can be concluded that there is a good correlation between the Maage factor and the ratio of pre- to post-freeze-thaw cycle compressive strengths, and that the latter ratio strongly correlates with the percentage of large pores (≥3 mm) in the brick. If such a correlation could be confirmed in a larger sample, then the ratio of pre- to post-freeze-thaw cycle compressive strengths could be used as a new method for assessing brick resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and it would be possible to determine the minimum percentage of large pores required to ensure the overall resistance of brick to freeze-thaw conditions. The complexity of the problem is, however, evidenced by the fact that no clear connection between the type (open versus closed) or connectivity of pores and the frost resistance of bricks could be revealed by micro-CT.

Experimental Research on a New-Type Concrete Antifreeze

2011 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 1209-1213
Author(s):  
Bao Min Wang ◽  
Kai Song ◽  
Ni Tu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Basic Performance ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

Basic performance test was performed on a newly-developed compound antifreeze and experiment was carried out to study the basic performance, mechanical property and durability of the concrete mixtures containing 0%, 4% and 5% antifreeze. The result shows the antifreeze may be used for the concrete construction at 20°C below zero and it has favorable performance for winter construction. When the amount to be added is 4% and 5%, the ratio of compressive strength of 28 days shall be 105% and 107% respectively; the ratio of compressive strength of 56 days shall be 114% and 112% respectively. In freeze-thaw cycle experiment, 50 times of freeze-thaw strength loss rate is 45.3% and 44.8% of the strength loss rate of the concrete without the antifreeze. The water-reducing ratio of the antifreeze, ratio of bleeding rate, air content, difference in setting time, strength ratio, ratio of shrinkage, permeated height ratio and other performance indexes all satisfy specification requirements.

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