scholarly journals TREATMENT OF HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA: VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES AND CHALLENGES

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Salimi ◽  
Azadeh Ghaee ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Interventional Therapies

Bilirubin removal from blood and curing patients suffering from hyperbilirubinemia by surgery, medication or interventional therapies was common, previously. Alternative bilirubin separation techniques such as plasma exchange, affinity chromatography and etc., are efficient in reducing high levels of bilirubin with fewer side effects. However, due to the various causes and complications associated with hyperbilirubinemia, different strategies are needed for the treatment. This article offers a historical overview on these strategies, challenges and also outlines the technological advantages and disadvantages associated with various bilirubin removal techniques.

A Review of Drug Side Effect Identification Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 3096-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Deng ◽  
Yige Sun ◽  
Tianyi Zhao ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
Tianyi Zang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Network Methods ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The One ◽  
Approved Drugs

Drug side effects have become an important indicator for evaluating the safety of drugs. There are two main factors in the frequent occurrence of drug safety problems; on the one hand, the clinical understanding of drug side effects is insufficient, leading to frequent adverse drug reactions, while on the other hand, due to the long-term period and complexity of clinical trials, side effects of approved drugs on the market cannot be reported in a timely manner. Therefore, many researchers have focused on developing methods to identify drug side effects. In this review, we summarize the methods of identifying drug side effects and common databases in this field. We classified methods of identifying side effects into four categories: biological experimental, machine learning, text mining and network methods. We point out the key points of each kind of method. In addition, we also explain the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, we propose future research directions.

scholarly journals Adjuvant Radiotherapy after Surgical Excision in Keloids

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Jeong Won Lee ◽  
Ki Ho Seol
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Local Control ◽  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Keloids are a benign fibroproliferative disease with a high tendency of recurrence. Keloids cause functional impairment, disfigurement, pruritus, and low quality of life. Many therapeutic options have been used for keloids. However, the high recurrence rates have led to the use of adjuvant therapy after surgical keloid excision. There are different radiotherapy regimens available, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are still unclear. The aim of this review is to explain the appropriate radiotherapy regimen for keloids as well as discuss the recent reports on keloid management with radiotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy after surgical excision for keloids yields excellent local control with tolerable side effects. Hypofractionated radiotherapy with a BED of more than 28 Gy (α/β value of 10) after excision is recommended in the light of its biologic background.

scholarly journals Consolidation and Strengthening of Historical Masonry by Means of Mineral Grouts: Grout Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionys Van Gemert ◽  
Sven Ignoul ◽  
Kris Brosens ◽  
Eleni-Eva Toumbakari
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Crack Repair ◽  
Historical Masonry

Abstract: Mass consolidation of stone and brick masonry is considered, with exclusion of pure crack repair. Damage and specific failure mechanisms in multiple leaf masonry are presented. The aims of consolidation are explained, and the inherent advantages and disadvantages of distinct strengthening and consolidation techniques are given. An historical overview of consolidation methods and of development of consolidation grout materials is given, which explains how technology evolved to the actual procedures.

scholarly journals Plasmapheresis in the treatment of myasthenia gravis: retrospective study of 26 patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (2b) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Carandina-Maffeis ◽  
Anamarli Nucci ◽  
José F.C. Marques Jr ◽  
Eduardo G. Roveri ◽  
Beatriz H.M. Pfeilsticker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Myasthenic Crisis ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

We analyzed the experience of Unicamp Clinical Hospital with plasma exchange (PE) therapy in myasthenia gravis (MG). About 17.8 % of a totality of MG patients had PE performed: 26 cases, 19 women and seven men. The mean age-onset of MG was 28 years, extremes 11 and 69. Minimum deficit observed in the group was graded IIb (O & G) or IIIa (MGFA scale). One patient had prethymectomy PE. In seven the procedures were performed due to myasthenic crisis and in 18 patients due to severe myasthenic symptoms or exacerbation of previous motor deficit. Two patients were also submitted to chronic PE considering refractoriness to other treatments. Twenty-six patients had 44 cycles of PE and 171 sessions. The mean number of sessions was 3.9 (SD ± 1.4) each cycle; median 5, extremes 2 and 6. The mean time by session was 106,5 minutes (SD ± 35.2); median 100.5 (extremes of 55 and 215). The mean volume of plasma exchanged in each session was 2396 ml (SD ± 561); median 2225 (extremes 1512 and 4500). Side effects occurred: reversible hypotension (seven cases), mild tremor or paresthesias (seven cases). Infection and mortality rates due to PE were zero. All patients had immediate benefit of each PE cycle and usually they also received prednisone or other immunosuppressors. Good acceptance of the procedure was observed in 80.7% of patients.

scholarly journals Remittance trap: comparative approach of the Republic of Moldova and other ex-socialist countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Elina Benea-Popusoi ◽  
◽  
Polina Arivonici ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Capital Outflows ◽  
The Republic

The objective of our analysis has been to find out and elaborate on why some countries could not benefit from remittance inflows sent by migrants or even are getting into traps due to them. In the authors’ view, the remittance trap may be appraised, notably in the long run, as the dilemma in which a country finds itself when the high value of migrant remittance inflows leads to a high value of human and financial capital outflows, as well as to the moral hazard problem of the country's population and government. Accordingly, remittance trap negatively affects the sustainable growth and development of the economy which eventually deepens the country's dependence on remittances, proving the vicious nature of the trap. Furthermore, the paper focuses on identifying a competent set of policy recommendations for the countries that are remittance dependent. A natural conclusion of our research is that there is a thin line between remittances’ advantages and disadvantages, since in fact, short-term benefits very often turn out into long-run side effects, mainly as a result of mismanagement of remittance inflows, which correlates with unfavourable business climate and decreased willingness of the population to invest. Accordingly, the benefits and adverse side effects of remittance inflows are interdependent.

Opioid Pharmacology

2008 ◽  
Vol 2s;11 (3;2s) ◽  
pp. S133-S153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Trescot
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Intractable Pain ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Withdrawal Syndromes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mu Agonists

Background: Mu agonists have been an important component of pain treatment for thousands of years. The usual pharmacokinetic parameters (half-life, clearance, volume of distribution) of opioids have been known for some time. However, the metabolism has, until recently, been poorly understood, and there has been recent interest in the role of metabolites in modifying the pharmacodynamic response in patients, in both analgesia and adverse effects. A number of opioids are available for clinical use, including morphine, hydromorphone, levorphanol, oxycodone, and fentanyl. Advantages and disadvantages of various opioids in the management of chronic pain are discussed. Objective: This review looks at the structure, chemistry, and metabolism of opioids in an effort to better understand the side effects, drug interactions, and the individual responses of patients receiving opioids for the treatment of intractable pain. Conclusion: Mu receptor agonists and agonist-antagonists have been used throughout recent medical history for the control of pain and for the treatment of opiate induced side effects and even opiate withdrawal syndromes. Key words: Opioid metabolism, opioid interactions, morphine, codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, methadone, intractable pain, endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins, narcotics, pharmacology, propoxyphene, fentanyl, oxymorphone, tramadol

A Review on Herbal Treatments for Trichomonas Vaginalis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rahmani ◽  
Yahya Ehteshaminia ◽  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
Seif Ali Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Introduction: Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that infects the urogenital tract of men and women and causes trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted disease in both men and women. The infection is often asymptomatic, but it can be accompanied by symptoms such as severe inflammation, itching and burning, foamy discharge and foul-smelling mucus. In one year, 250 million cases of Trichomonas vaginalis were reported worldwide. Material and Methods: In this study, the websites of PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Margiran were searched and related articles were reviewed.    Results: Today, the most common treatment for this disease is the use of metronidazole. However, its side effects, which include hematological and neurotoxic effects, cannot be ignored. Because of these side effects, researchers are looking for a suitable replacement for metronidazole in the treatment of trichomoniasis. Researchers' desire to use  herbs can be due to various reasons such as fewer side effects, better patient acceptance, recommendation of traditional medicine, lower prices of herbs and also compatibility with the normal physiological function of the human body. Conclusion: Considering the inhibitory effects of medicinal plants on the growth and proliferation of Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro, it can be concluded that the use of these plants can have many applications in the treatment of trichomoniasis. As a result, by studying more about their advantages and disadvantages, it is possible to make a drug that has higher therapeutic effects with fewer side effects.

Social Media, the Internet, and Trial by Jury

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaddeus Hoffmeister ◽  
Ann Charles Watts
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Media And Communication

This review starts with a historical overview of trial by jury and then moves to a discussion of media and communication. This is followed by an examination of the advantages and disadvantages associated with jurors and digital technology. The heart of the article is a review of six scholarly studies that attempt to explain why jurors use the Internet, as well as methods for combating such use. The article concludes with recommendations for future areas of research.

scholarly journals Comparison of Current Five-Point Cylindricity Error Separation Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Liu ◽  
Penghao Hu ◽  
Kuangchao Fan
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
In Situ Measurement ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Error Separation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cylindricity Error ◽  
Cylindrical Profile

Cylindricity is a kind of three-dimensional form distortion of a cylinder. An accurate in situ measurement of cylindricity is relatively complex because measuring and reconstructing cylindrical profile and evaluating out-of-cylindricity should be involved. Any method of in situ measuring cylindricity must solve a common issue, i.e., to eliminate spindle error motions and carriage error motions during measurement and reconstruction. Thus, error separation techniques have played an important role in in situ cylindricity measurement through multipoint detections. Although several valuable five-point methods for in situ measurement of cylindrical profile have been proposed up to present, namely the parallel scan, spiral scan, and V-block scan, there are obvious differences in many aspects, such as the arrangement of probes, error separation model, reconstruction method, adaptability to service environment, accuracy and reliability in practical application, etc. This paper presents the evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages in theory and the actual measurement based on the standard ISO 12180. Suggestions for best meeting the requirements of modern manufacturing and the most prospective one for industrial applications are also given.

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