scholarly journals Tensile behaviour for mercerization of single kenaf fiber

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ikhwan Ibrahim ◽  
Mohamad Zaki Hassan ◽  
Rozzeta Dolah ◽  
Mohd Zuhri Mohamed Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Sapuan Salit
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
Poor Adhesion

A natural fiber including kenaf fibers that reinforce with polymeric composite has increased attention in the manufacturing industries. However, the poor adhesion between fiber and matrix are commonly encountered respectively to their compatibility nature namely hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Therefore, alkaline treatment has introduced to reduce the hydrophilic effect of natural fiber. This paper presents the treatment of single kenaf fibers following tensile test and predicted using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Here, the kenaf fibers were modified using NaOH at different solutions. Then, the single kenaf fiber was performed under ASTM D3379-89 standard. The results showed that kenaf fiber which treats with NaOH solution of 6% significantly offered the outstanding performance of the tensile behaviour.

scholarly journals Effects of High-Temperature Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan ◽  
Dulina Tholibon ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong ◽  
Norhamidi Muhamad ◽  
Che Hassan Che Haron
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
Kenaf Composites ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

Automotive parts, including dashboards and trunk covers, are now fabricated through a compression-molding process in order to produce lightweight products and optimize fuel consumption. However, their mechanical strength is not compromised to avoid safety issues. Therefore, this study investigates kenaf-fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites using a simple combing approach to unidirectionally align kenaf fibers at 0°. The kenaf composite was found to withstand a maximal temperature of 120 °C. The tensile and flexural strengths of the aligned kenaf composites (50 and 90 MPa, respectively) were three times higher than those of the commercialized Product T (between 39 and 30.5 MPa, respectively) at a temperature range of 90 to 120 °C. These findings clearly showed that the mechanical properties of aligned kenaf fibers fabricated through the combing technique were able to withstand high operating temperatures (120 °C), and could be used as an alternative to other commercial natural-fiber products.

scholarly journals Effects of Waste Expanded Polypropylene as Recycled Matrix on the Flexural, Impact, and Heat Deflection Temperature Properties of Kenaf Fiber/Polypropylene Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2578
Author(s):  
Junghoon Kim ◽  
Donghwan Cho
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Heat Deflection Temperature ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

Waste Expanded polypropylene (EPP) was utilized as recycled matrix for kenaf fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites produced using chopped kenaf fibers and crushed EPP waste. The flexural properties, impact strength, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) of kenaf fiber/PP composites were highly enhanced by using waste EPP, compared to those by using virgin PP. The flexural modulus and strength of the composites with waste EPP were 98% and 55% higher than those with virgin PP at the same kenaf contents, respectively. The Izod impact strength and HDT were 31% and 12% higher with waste EPP than with virgin PP, respectively. The present study indicates that waste EPP would be feasible as recycled matrix for replacing conventional PP matrix in natural fiber composites.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Epoxy based Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1204-1207
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Composite Properties

In day today life, the awareness to the public along with the ease in the fabrication of polymers, has let to the frequent polymer useage. Few developing industries have started using the materials that are renewable. In the present work, the mechanical behavior of short un-treated and treated (KmNO4 ) kenaf fiber reinforced epoxy based composites was investigated. Fabrication of composite materials were carried out with volume percentage (10 %, 20 %, 30%) of treated and un treated kenaf fibers. The polymer used as matrix was epoxy resin. The composite was fabricated by using hand layup method. The various fiber loading was performed and their properties studied. The mechanical strength like tensile, flexural and impact of the composite was analysed. The effect of treatment had showed improvement in the composite properties. It was found that KmNO4 treatment and kenaf fiber loading has enhanced the synergetical effects on the composite. These chemically surface modified composites with natural fiber reinforcement can have a chief role in the development of structural component parts. These materials may be used for light weight applications, especially in automobile sector and structural components.

Mechanical Properties of Kenaf - Unsaturated Polyester Composites: Effect of Fiber Treatment and Fiber Length

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 260-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Osman ◽  
A. Vakhguelt ◽  
I. Sbarski ◽  
S. Mutasher
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Regular Trend ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Naoh Solution

Kenaf fibre is a natural fibre which is growing in popularity due environmental issues and its properties as filler. Unsaturated polyester was used in this investigation via add 1% MEKP concentration ratio as the catalyst. This matrix was combined with untreated kenaf fiber with various fiber sizes (1-6) mm and (10-30) mm, alkalized with 6% NaOH solution for treated kenaf fiber to form natural fiber for two different fiber lengths composites. Composites were prepared by adding various percentages of kenaf fiber in unsaturated polyester resin. A general trend was observed whereby alkalized fiber composites possessed superior flexural strength and modulus and the maximum strength and modulus was at the 20wt% weight fraction. The length of (10-30) mm gave higher tensile and flexural properties compared to (1-6) mm. The modulus of elasticity showed a regular trend of an increase with fiber weight percent until 30% for both fiber lengths and afterwards a decrease in modulus of elasticity for composites with greater fiber weight fraction. The experimental modulus of elasticity was compared with the theoretical predictions and was found to be in good agreement with Hirsch’s model while the results obtained from Cox – Krenchel underestimating the experimental data.

scholarly journals Thermal and Structural Analysis of Epoxidized Jatropha Oil and Alkaline Treated Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2604
Author(s):  
Siti Hasnah Kamarudin ◽  
Luqman Chuah Abdullah ◽  
Min Min Aung ◽  
Chantara Thevy Ratnam
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Chain Mobility ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

New environmentally friendly plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA) kenaf biocomposites were obtained through a melt blending process from a combination of epoxidized jatropha oil, a type of nonedible vegetable oil material, and renewable plasticizer. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the incorporation of epoxidized jatropha oil (EJO) as a plasticizer and alkaline treatment of kenaf fiber on the thermal properties of PLA/Kenaf/EJO biocomposites. Kenaf fiber was treated with 6% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 4 h. The thermal properties of the biocomposites were analyzed using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It must be highlighted that the addition of EJO resulted in a decrease of glass transition temperature which aided PLA chain mobility in the blend as predicted. TGA demonstrated that the presence of treated kenaf fiber together with EJO in the blends reduced the rate of decomposition of PLA and enhanced the thermal stability of the blend. The treatment showed a rougher surface fiber in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and had a greater mechanical locking with matrix, and this was further supported with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Overall, the increasing content of EJO as a plasticizer has improved the thermal properties of PLA/Kenaf/EJO biocomposites.

Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with a hybrid graphene/PP-g-MA/kenaf fiber by response surface methodology

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110153
Author(s):  
Jaber Mirzaei ◽  
Abdolhossein Fereidoon ◽  
Ahmad Ghasemi-Ghalebahman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Nanocomposites ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
Internal Mixer

In this study, the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanosheets, kenaf fiber, and polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used as the experimental design. The blends fabricated in three levels of parameters include 0, 0.75, and 1.5 wt% graphene nanosheets, 0, 7.5, and 15 wt% kenaf fiber, and 0, 3, and 6 wt% PP-g-MA, prepared by an internal mixer and a hot press machine. The fiber length was 5 mm and was being constant for all samples. Tensile, flexural, and impact tests were conducted to determine the blend properties. The purpose of this research is to achieve the highest mechanical properties of the considered nanocomposite blend. The addition of graphene nanosheets to 1 wt% increased the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths by 16%, 24%, and 19%, respectively, and an addition up to 1.5 wt% reduced them. With further addition of graphene nanosheets until 1.5 wt%, the elastic modulus was increased by 70%. Adding the kenaf fiber up to 15 wt% increased the elastic modulus, tensile, flexural, and impact strength by 24%, 84%, 18%, and 11%, respectively. The addition of PP-g-MA has increased the adhesion, dispersion and compatibility of graphene nanosheets and kenaf fibers with matrix. With 6 wt% PP-g-MA, the tensile strength and elastic modulus were increased by 18% and 75%, respectively. The addition of PP-g-MA to 5 wt% increased the flexural and impact strengths by 10% and 5%, respectively. From the entire experimental data, the optimum values for elastic modulus, as well as, tensile, flexural, and impact strengths in the blends were obtained to be 4 GPa, 33.7896 MPa, 57.6306 MPa, and 100.1421 J/m, respectively. Finally, samples were studied by FE-SEM to check the dispersion of graphene nanosheets, PP-g-MA and kenaf fibers in the polymeric matrix.

Micro Palm and Kenaf Fibers Reinforced PLA Composite: Effect of Volume Fraction on Tensile Strength

2011 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W. Neoh ◽  
Kim Yeow Tshai ◽  
P.S. Khiew ◽  
Chin Hua Chia
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Biodegradable Composite ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

Extensive environmental concern associated with the disposal of solid plastic wastes has stirred tremendous interest in the production and use of sustainable biodegradable polymers. Among the vast variety of available materials, Polylactic Acid (PLA) standout as the most commercially viable mass produced resin to date. However, its low thermal and mechanical stability, excessive brittleness, and relatively higher cost have led to numerous research efforts in producing biodegradable polymer composite filled with natural organic fibers. This paper describes the preparation and the mechanical characteristics of a compression molded biodegradable composite made entirely of renewable raw materials. The composites were reinforced with pulverized palm, kenaf and alkali (1M NaOH:fiber in ratio 2:1) treated kenaf fibers, at a fiber mass proportion of 20 to 60% blended PLA and processed in a custom-built compression mold. SEM microscan revealed that the kenaf fiber has a mean diameter of 40μm, length 1236.6μm, and aspect ratio of 31 while the measured values for palm fiber was 58.7μm, 1041.2μm, and 17.7, respectively. All resulting composites showed significant enhancement in tensile strength. At 20, 40 and 60% fiber loading, the palm/PLA composite recorded tensile strength increment of 46.9, 47.8 and 36.6%, respectively. For the kenaf/PLA composite, greatest improvement was achieved at 40% fiber loading with alkali treated kenaf, with approximately 54% higher than the neat PLA while only 12.6% was recorded for the non-treated kenaf/PLA composite, signifying that the surface modification greatly improved fiber-matrix adhesion. SEM observations on the fracture surface showed similar findings. Compared to commercially available palm/Polypropylene (palm/PP) composite at 50% fiber loading, our measured tensile strength for the PLA composite loaded with 40% alkali treated kenaf fiber was still about 20% lower. Further enhancement in the mechanical characteristic of the kenaf/PLA composite is required to push for its wider utilization in the polymer industry.

Formability of Hydroxyapatite on Beta-Type Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy for Biomedical Applications through Alkaline Treatment Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 352 ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Akahori ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Masaaki Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Bioactive Surface Modification

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used as biomaterials for hard tissue replacements because of their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the bonding between their surfaces and bone is not enough after implantation. The bioactive surface modification such as a hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on their surfaces has been investigated. Recently, a simple method for forming HAp layer on the surfaces of titanium and its alloys has been developed. This method is called as alkaline treatment process. In this method, HAp deposits on the surfaces of titanium and its alloys by dipping into simulated body fluid (SBF) after an alkaline solution treatment that is followed by a baking treatment (alkaline treatment). This process is applicable to newly developed beta-type Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy (TNTZ) for biomedical applications achieving bioactive HAp modification. In this study, the morphology of the HAp layer formed on the surface of TNTZ was investigated after various alkaline treatments followed by dipping in SBF. The formability of HAp on the surface of TNTZ was then discussed. The formability of HAp on TNTZ is much lower than that of commercially pure Ti, Ti-6Al-4V ELI and Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloys, which are representative metallic biomaterials. The formability of HAp on TNTZ is improved by increasing the amount of Na in the sodium titanate gels formed during an alkaline solution treatment where the NaOH concentrations and the dipping time are over 5 M and 172.8 ks, respectively. The formability of HAp on TNTZ is considerably improved by dipping in a 5 M NaOH solution for 172.8 ks. This condition for alkaline solution treatment process is the most suitable for TNTZ.

Green recoating of cotton fiber by different starching methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
José RN Macedo ◽  
Daniel B Rocha ◽  
Derval S Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Fiber Coating ◽  
Biodegradable Composites ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fiber ◽  
Gelatinized Starch ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
Starch Paste ◽  
Poor Adhesion

Natural fiber composites require coupling agents between phases to prevent poor adhesion between lignocellulosic fiber and a polymer matrix, which leads to a material that is not fully biodegradable. This work proposes the use of starch gum as a coupling agent for cotton fibers. The gum formation and fiber coating were characterized based on the starch paste solubility, clarity level according to UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, heated optical microscopy, and fiber weight coating. Water-starch solutions were heated at 70 ℃ for 5, 10, and 24 h with two concentrations (3 and 8 wt.%) to obtain six different systems of gelatinized starch and starched fibers. The fibers are coated during the process of gelatinization and then dried and vacuum filtered. The gelatinization occurs at 70 ℃ for bath samples heated for more than 5 h, which exhibits a more branched structure, higher thermal stability, and increased weight coating up to 140 wt.%. The recoating process promoted stronger fiber adhesion, which would make this reinforcement applicable in an industrial-scale process to produce fully biodegradable composites.

A Review: Natural Fiber as Reinforcement in Waste Paper Recycling and its Processing Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K.A. Saferi ◽  
Y. Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
The Right

As demand for clean and healthy environment, people make many alternate solutions to save the environment. To save trees and overcome landfill of waste material and waste disposal by burning activities issues (cause to losing energy and increase pollution), people nowadays take recycling as a recovery. Recycling waste paper into new product increased over the years. Shortage of wood supply required new sources of natural fiber for papermaking industry. Many researchers have studied new sources of natural fibers from non wood materials, such as oil palm residues, kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus), pineapple leaf, banana, and coconut fiber. Kenaf is choose as reinforcement agent for recycled waste paper to maximize the use of kenaf in industry application due its wide range of advantages where pineapple leaf are choose as reinforcement agent because abundantly of these material in Malaysia. Reinforcement of natural fiber into waste paper during recycling process expected to increased strength properties of final product. To understand the right and suitable processing method for kenaf fiber and pineapple leaf leaves previous work from other researchers are studied to investigate pulping procedure of natural fiber and its effect on mechanical strength.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document