Micro Palm and Kenaf Fibers Reinforced PLA Composite: Effect of Volume Fraction on Tensile Strength

2011 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W. Neoh ◽  
Kim Yeow Tshai ◽  
P.S. Khiew ◽  
Chin Hua Chia
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Biodegradable Composite ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

Extensive environmental concern associated with the disposal of solid plastic wastes has stirred tremendous interest in the production and use of sustainable biodegradable polymers. Among the vast variety of available materials, Polylactic Acid (PLA) standout as the most commercially viable mass produced resin to date. However, its low thermal and mechanical stability, excessive brittleness, and relatively higher cost have led to numerous research efforts in producing biodegradable polymer composite filled with natural organic fibers. This paper describes the preparation and the mechanical characteristics of a compression molded biodegradable composite made entirely of renewable raw materials. The composites were reinforced with pulverized palm, kenaf and alkali (1M NaOH:fiber in ratio 2:1) treated kenaf fibers, at a fiber mass proportion of 20 to 60% blended PLA and processed in a custom-built compression mold. SEM microscan revealed that the kenaf fiber has a mean diameter of 40μm, length 1236.6μm, and aspect ratio of 31 while the measured values for palm fiber was 58.7μm, 1041.2μm, and 17.7, respectively. All resulting composites showed significant enhancement in tensile strength. At 20, 40 and 60% fiber loading, the palm/PLA composite recorded tensile strength increment of 46.9, 47.8 and 36.6%, respectively. For the kenaf/PLA composite, greatest improvement was achieved at 40% fiber loading with alkali treated kenaf, with approximately 54% higher than the neat PLA while only 12.6% was recorded for the non-treated kenaf/PLA composite, signifying that the surface modification greatly improved fiber-matrix adhesion. SEM observations on the fracture surface showed similar findings. Compared to commercially available palm/Polypropylene (palm/PP) composite at 50% fiber loading, our measured tensile strength for the PLA composite loaded with 40% alkali treated kenaf fiber was still about 20% lower. Further enhancement in the mechanical characteristic of the kenaf/PLA composite is required to push for its wider utilization in the polymer industry.

Effect of Austenite on Drawing Limit of Ferrite-Austenite Dual Phase Wire

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Lee ◽  
Hu Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Void Nucleation ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Nucleation Site ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Intermediate Heat Treatment

The drawability of ferrite-austenite dual phase wires decreased with increasing volume fraction and decreasing mechanical stability of austenite. The interface of the martensite and ferrite was identified as the void nucleation site and the number density of voids increased with increasing austenite volume fraction. The plastic incompatibility at the interface was assumed to be the main reason for void nucleation. The ferrite-austenite dual phase steels could be drawn to a maximum true strain of 8.0 without intermediate heat treatment. The tensile strength of the drawn wires increased with increasing volume fraction of austenite or, in other words, with increasing volume fraction of transformed martensite.

Tensile Strength of Polyester Composites Reinforced with Thinner Buriti Fibers

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Frederico Muylaert Margem ◽  
Giulio Rodrigues Altoé ◽  
Rômulo Leite Loiola ◽  
Michel Picanço Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Polyester Composites

The environmental concern is creating pressure for the substitution of energy intensive synthetic materials for natural and sustainable ones. Compared to synthetic fibers, natural fibers have shown advantages in technical aspects such as flexibility and toughness. So there is today a growing worldwide interest in the use of natural fibers. Buriti fiber extracted from the petiole of buriti palm tree (Mauritia flexuosa), presents some significant characteristic, but until now only few studies on buriti fiber were performed. This work aims to study the tensile strength of polyester composites reinforced with buriti fibers. This study was performed in relatively thinner fibers with diameters between 0.1 and 0.4 mm. Those fibers were incorporated into the polyester matrix with volume fraction from 0 to 30%. The fiber diameters were measured by a profile projector. After fracture the specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed a sensible improvement in the mechanical properties. The SEM observation revealed the mechanism for this improvement.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Epoxy based Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1204-1207
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Composite Properties

In day today life, the awareness to the public along with the ease in the fabrication of polymers, has let to the frequent polymer useage. Few developing industries have started using the materials that are renewable. In the present work, the mechanical behavior of short un-treated and treated (KmNO4 ) kenaf fiber reinforced epoxy based composites was investigated. Fabrication of composite materials were carried out with volume percentage (10 %, 20 %, 30%) of treated and un treated kenaf fibers. The polymer used as matrix was epoxy resin. The composite was fabricated by using hand layup method. The various fiber loading was performed and their properties studied. The mechanical strength like tensile, flexural and impact of the composite was analysed. The effect of treatment had showed improvement in the composite properties. It was found that KmNO4 treatment and kenaf fiber loading has enhanced the synergetical effects on the composite. These chemically surface modified composites with natural fiber reinforcement can have a chief role in the development of structural component parts. These materials may be used for light weight applications, especially in automobile sector and structural components.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Fraksi Volume Serat Jerami Terhadap Kekuatan Material Komposit Aplikasi Kayu Lapis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Anggrek Oktaviameta ◽  
Kardiman Kardiman ◽  
Farradina Choria Suci
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
Industrial Needs

Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) is a composite material that uses a polymer matrix most widely used in industry, transportation, and everyday life. Plywood is one of the current industrial needs that is growing rapidly and is becoming a leading export. However, besides that, the availability of raw materials is decreasing along with deforestation. Resulting in the need for alternative raw materials. Straw is one of the largest wastes that is not utilized optimally. It can be used as straw as a reinforcing material for environmentally friendly composite materials. Composite material was made using the hand lay up method, with straw fiber purchased with 4% NaOH treatment using Yukalac 157 BQTN-EX unsaturated polyester resin and MEPOXE A hardener. Then, tensile testing was carried out with volume fractions of straw fiber 5%, 10% 20% and 30 % This shows that the volume fraction of straw fiber affects the strength of the composite material. The tensile strength value of the straw fiber composite meets the minimum standard for tensile strength in plywood. Judging from the surface structure of the composite material, there are voids or air bubbles. However, the most visible in the sample with fractions of 10% and 20%. Further research needs to be done with other tests such as hit test, sandpaper test to meet the requirements for SNI standard plywood.

scholarly journals ANALISIS VARIASI TEMPERATUR PRA MORDAN PEWARNA KAYU SECANG DAN DAUN JATI SERTA PENERAPAN HEDONIC TEST PADA KUALITAS SERAT KENAF INDUSTRI FASHION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
Ida Rosanti ◽  
Ali Sadikin ◽  
Retno Prasetia
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Wood Extract ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

This study aims to determine the effect of pre-mordant material on kenaf fiber coloring using secang wood and teak leaves, to determine the Henodic Test method in classifying its quality, as well as to determine the significant effect on the color of kenaf fiber, and to determine the level of consumer preference for kenaf fiber. natural dyes. The research method used was an experiment with a variety of pre-mordant materials (alum, lime, vinegar). From the test, it was found that the color direction of the kenaf fiber was reddish purple to light brown, so the average value of fastness to washing was 4 (good). From this activity, it was concluded that the addition of secang wood and teak leaves as pre- mordant materials coupled with the effect of pH on the staining of kenaf fibers with secang wood extract provided variations in the direction of color and the value of color fastness to washing. Kenaf fiber is an environmentally friendly alternative to textile raw materials. This study used the Hedonic Test method with the Kruskal Wallis test. The results of this study were that there was no significant effect on the combination of compost application and pesticide application with natural dyes of secang wood and teak leaves on the color of kenaf fibers and there was no effect on the level of consumer preference for kenaf fiber with natural dyes.

Tensile Strength of Polyester Composites Reinforced with Thinner Buriti Fibers

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 466-471
Author(s):  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Frederico Muylaert Margem ◽  
Giulio Rodrigues Altoé ◽  
Rômulo Leite Loiola ◽  
Michel Picanço Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Polyester Composites

The environmental concern is creating pressure for the substitution of energy intensive synthetic materials for natural and sustainable ones. Compared to synthetic fibers, natural fibers have shown advantages in technical aspects such as flexibility and toughness. So there is today a growing worldwide interest in the use of natural fibers. Buriti fiber extracted from the petiole of buriti palm tree (Mauritia flexuosa), presents some significant characteristic, but until now only few studies on buriti fiber were performed. This work aims to study the tensile strength of polyester composites reinforced with buriti fibers. This study was performed in relatively thinner fibers with diameters between 0.1 and 0.4 mm. Those fibers were incorporated into the polyester matrix with volume fraction from 0 to 30%. The fiber diameters were measured by a profile projector. After fracture the specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed a sensible improvement in the mechanical properties. The SEM observation revealed the mechanism for this improvement.

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Annealed Fe-8Mn-6Al-0.4C Duplex Low-Density Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
Rong Chen ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Xiao Wu Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Electron Back Scatter Diffraction ◽  
Low Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
The Stability

The cold-rolled Fe-8Mn-6Al-0.4C duplex low-density steel was annealed at different conditions to obtain ferrite + austenite duplex microstructure. The excellent mechanical properties (i.e., elongation of 52%, tensile strength of 785 MPa, and a product of tensile strength and elongation of 40.9 GPa·%) have been obtained by adjusting the volume fraction and the stability of austenite. The microstructure of the experimental steels was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD), and the volume fraction of austenite was estimated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the distribution of austenite grain size is inhomogeneous, and that the mechanical stability of austenite is mainly affected by the alloying partitioning and the variation of grain size during the annealing process. The increase of elongation is attributed to the degradation in mechanical stability of austenite, which can efficiently promote an occurrence of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect.

Vibration-Damping Factor of Glass/Kenaf/Polyester Hybrid Composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuncoro Diharjo ◽  
Didik Djoko Susilo ◽  
Petrus Heru Sudargo ◽  
Sunarto Kaleg
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Vibration Damping ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Damping Factor ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

The study of vibration-damping factor on unsaturated polyester resin reinforced glass and kenaf fiber has been performed. Two variations of glass and kenaf fibers were made based on fiber volume fraction (Vf) and ratio of glass to kenaf fiber at Vf of 25 %. The measurement of the samples was to obtain the value of the vibration-damping factor and the elastic modulus. The result shows that the vibration-damping factor decreases proportionally to the addition of fiber. Increased stiffness is evidenced by an increase in elastic modulus along with an increase in fiber content. According ratio of glass to kenaf fiber, the vibration-damping factor decreases proportionally with the increasing of glass fiber content. Increased kenaf fiber content causes an increase in vibration-damping factor, a decrease in elastic modulus, and lead to decreased in stiffness of the hybrid composite.

Effect of Al on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot-Rolled Medium-Mn Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Ting Han ◽  
Yun Bo Xu ◽  
Ying Zou ◽  
Zhi Ping Hu ◽  
Shu Qing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Trip Steel ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Medium Mn Steel ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Mn Steel

The present investigation was made to study the effect of Al on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled medium-Mn TRIP steel (abbreviated as Al-TRIP). As a contrast, a Si-added medium-Mn TRIP steel (abbreviated as Si-TRIP) was also studied. Addition Al in medium-Mn steel can raise Ac3 temperature, which will restrain austenite transformation and expand the two-phase region, promoting Mn and C elements enriched in austenite. In-depth microstructure and mechanical properties analysis were carried out for the hot-rolled Al-TRIP and Si-TRIP steels in this study. The microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). Volume fraction of retained austenite was measured by D/max2400 X-ray diffractometer (XRD). A dual-phase microstructure consisting of ultra-fine grained intercritical ferrite (IF) and lath-like retained austenite (RA) with high mechanical stability was obtained after annealing at 630°C for 2h for Al-TRIP steel. As prolonging the intercritical annealing time, the stability of RA decreased primarily due to the increase of grain size. The tensile test results indicated that the Al-TRIP steel possessed a better combination of tensile strength and elongation compared to Si-TRIP steel. Excellent mechanical properties with yield strength of 790MPa, tensile strength of 1050MPa, total elongation of 35% and UTS×TEL of 39GPa·% was obtained for the Al-TRIP steel.

Mechanical Properties of PBS Plastic Reinforced by Paper Using Waste Silk

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyuan Song ◽  
Haruhiro Ino ◽  
Teruo Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Hot Compression ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Biodegradable Composite

Considering the efficient recycling of waste silk resource, the biodegradable composite consisting of PBS matrix and pure silk paper was prepared by hot compression molding. Beating treatment is adopted to modify silk fibroin and enhance the composite, and the corresponding mechanical properties and morphologies were studied detailedly. The results showed that beating treatment could realize the fibrillation of fibroin and improve the paper’s tensile strength, and proper beating treatment to fibroin could also improve the mechanical properties of silk paper reinforced PBS composite. The tensile, flexural and impact resistance properties of this green composite were improved remarkably with fiber loading increasing. Especially for impact resistance, it was improved 154% at 40 wt% fiber loading compared with PBS control.

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