Improving yield and quality characteristics of kaffir lime oil (citrus hystrix DC) by solid fermentation pretreatment using tempeh yeast

The industrial development of flavor and fragrance currently leads to natural ingredients. Kaffir lime is a potential ingredient developed from Indonesia, but distillation of essential oil in Indonesia generally results in low yields and quality. Fermentation as the initial treatment of distillation would improve the yield and quality of essential oil. The fermentation process is usually performed as pretreatment using cellulolytic bacteria such as Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, or Trichoderma reesei, but the use of those bacteria is considered less practical for essential oil distillation process. Therefore, this research utilized tempeh yeast to increase yield and quality of essential oil. Since tempeh yeast consists of Rhizopus producing hyphae, it is expected that hyphae are able to penetrate the tissue, making it easier for oil to get out of the leaves. The aerobic fermentation process was carried out by continuous addition of air inside the fermenter with air compressor. Fermentation was observed within four days. The distillation was performed by using steam distillation method. The result of this study showed that leaf lime essential oil with fermentation process of day 3 produced the highest yield of 0.67%, which increased 20% compared to non-fermented leaves. The composition of leaf lime essential oil was 87.92% Citronellal, 1% β- caryophyllene, 0.3% Citronellal acetate, 0.9% Citronellol, and 1.77% linalool, which comply to local industry standard.

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RENDEMEN DAN KUALITAS MINYAK ATSIRI EUCALYPTUS PELLITA PADA BERBAGAI WAKTU PENYIMPANAN BAHAN BAKU

Wahana Forestra Jurnal Kehutanan ◽

10.31849/forestra.v13i2.1563 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ambar Tri Ratnaningsih ◽

Enny Insusanty ◽

Azwin Azwin

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Forest Harvesting ◽

Distillation Process ◽

Eucalyptus Pellita ◽

Yield And Quality

Forest harvesting waste in the form of Ecalyptus pellita leaves can be utilized to be essential oil by distillation process. The research aimed to 1) to know the effect of duration of leaf storage on yield and quality of essential oil produced, 2). Comparing the quality of E.pellita leaves essential oil with eucalyptus oil according to SNI. Methods taken by taking E. pellita leaf waste were then stored for 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 days then steam distillation and measured rendemen, specific gravity, sineol content and refractive index. The average oil yield of E.Pellita is 0.15% with the highest yield of 0.4593% in leaves stored for 3 days. The best essential oil quality comes from leaves that have been stored for 3 days with specific gravity of 0.9186, 60% sineol content, refractive index 1.4603 and 80% alcohol solubility by 1: 1.

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Fertilizer studies in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600032706 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 251-252

Author(s):

E. V. S. Prakasa Rao ◽

Munnu Singh ◽

M. R. Narayana ◽

R. S. Ganesha Rao ◽

B. R. Rajeswara Rao

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Local Varieties ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

Coriander is an important aromatic plant of India. On steam distillation, the seeds yield a colourless or pale yellow volatile essential oil, which is used for flavouring food products, liqueurs, alcoholic beverages and perfumes. Coriander is also used in the synthesis of vitamin A (Bedoukian, 1967). The Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants introduced several Bulgarian selections of coriander and evolved a superior variety, CIMPO S-33. This variety contains more essential oil (about 1·5%) than the local varieties available in India (0·2–0·3%) (Dimri, Khan & Narayana, 1976). Earlier work on coriander has shown that application of N (Bhupinder Singh et al. 1979) and N, P and K (Vagujfalvi, 1964) increases seed and oil yields of coriander. Information on nutrient uptake by coriander and on the effect of fertilizers on coriander oil quality is not available in India. The present experiment was designed to study the effect of different rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application on seed yield, yield and quality of essential oil and N, P and K uptake by coriander (cv. CIMPO S-33).

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Essential Oil Steam Distillation: Manufacturing 4.0

JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO HEALTH ◽

10.34178/jbth.v4i3.170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 95-99

Author(s):

Carlos Alberto Tosta Machado ◽

Herman Augusto Lepikson ◽

Matheus Antônio Nogueira de Andrade ◽

Paulo Renato Câmera da Silva

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Capacity Utilization ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Smart Sensors ◽

Distillation Process ◽

Operational Flexibility ◽

Automatic Learning ◽

Quality Of Products

Smart sensors, self-configuration, operational flexibility, and automatic learning, among others, are technological attributes from industry 4.0 appliable to the essential oil extraction by the steam distillation process. These operations are recognized by their simplicity. Nevertheless, lack of automatic controls, process monitoring, and self-adjustment lead to uncontrolled extraction, poor yields, low quality of products. It occurs because of overexposure to high temperatures and overspending resources like energy and water. As far as capacity utilization is concerned, the optimized process is key to planning and managing the production activities.

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Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Agronomic Traits, Essential Oil and Components under Semi-Arid Climate

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1427

Author(s):

Gulen Ozyazici

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Coriandrum Sativum ◽

Inorganic Fertilizers ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Biological Yield

Environmental contamination and the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers resulting in stagnant yields of field crops which necessitate the utilization of combined fertilization approach under changing climatic conditions. Current study was aimed to clarify the influence of several fertilizer sources (chemical, organic, organomineral fertilizers) on yield and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The results revealed that the fertilizer sources significantly affected the yield of coriander cultivars. The absence of “Year x Variety x Fertilizer Type” interactions for any of the noted parameters signaled that the detected “Variety x Fertilizer Type” interactions were constant regardless of the year factor. The recorded values of traits according to fertilizer sources different for the plant height from 61.85 to 69.67 cm, number of branches from 5.98 to 7.71 (piece/plant), number of umbels per the main umbel from 5.62 to 7.18 pieces, seed yield from 1.06 to 1.66 t/ha, the biological yield from 4.29 to 5.70 t ha−1, harvest index from 25.29 to 29.41%, essential oil ratio from 0.29 to 0.33%, and essential oil yield from 3.1 to 5.6 L ha−1. Erbaa variety was observed to be superior over the rest of the varieties producing the maximum values of 6.5 L ha−1 of essential oil, 0.36% essential oil content, 30.9% harvest index, 1.81 t/ha seed yield, and 5.9 t ha−1 biological yield with the treatment of chemical fertilizers.

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Innovation in a Continuous System of Distillation by Steam to Obtain Essential Oil from Persian Lime Juice (Citrus latifolia Tanaka)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26144172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 4172

Author(s):

José Daniel Padilla-de la Rosa ◽

Magaly Dyanira Manzano-Alfaro ◽

Jaime Rosalío Gómez-Huerta ◽

Enrique Arriola-Guevara ◽

Guadalupe Guatemala-Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Optical Rotation ◽

Process Time ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Distillation Process ◽

Steam Consumption ◽

Lime Juice ◽

Oil Fractions

The citrus industry is one of the most important economic areas within the global agricultural sector. Persian lime is commonly used to produce lime juice and essential oil, which are usually obtained by batch distillation. The aim of this work was to validate a patented continuous steam distillation process and to both physically and chemically characterize the volatile fractions of essential Persian lime oil. Prior to distillation, lime juice was obtained by pressing the lime fruit. Afterwards, the juice was subjected to a continuous steam distillation process by varying the ratio of distillate flow to feed flow (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6). The distillate oil fractions were characterized by measuring their density, optical rotation, and refractive index. Gas chromatography GC-FID was used to analyze the chemical compositions of the oil fractions. The process of continuous steam distillation presented high oil recovery efficiencies (up to 90%) and lower steam consumption compared to traditional batch process distillation since steam consumption ranged from 32 to 60% for different steam levels. Moreover, a reduction in process time was observed (from 8 to 4 h). The oil fractions obtained via continuous steam distillation differed significantly in their composition from the parent compounds and the fractions.

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Influence of preemergently applied herbicides on the yield and quality of caraway achenes (Carum carvi L.)

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200856020255 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 255-266

Author(s):

Antonín Vaculík

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Standard Length ◽

Oil Content ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Weed Species ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Different Doses

Caraway has very low competitive ability against most of weed species. Therefore, it is important to choose a suitable herbicide control, especially at biennial caraway. The experiments with the herbicides applied in caraway were found in pure growth, with variety Kepron (with standard length of vegetative period). The aim of the trials was to find out the differences at achenes yiled and essential oil content after the treatment by the various herbicides, applied preemergently. Also, the selective activity of individual herbicides was tested, including the different doses. The herbicides used in the experiments had enough level of selektivity on the plants of caraway. They had a positive effect on the yiled comparing to non-treated control variant in all observed years. There was no statistically significant difference in essential oil kontent between the treated variants and non-treated control. On the basis of these results, the most suitable herbicide was chosen for the „minor“ registration for caraway.

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Optimized supercritical CO2 extraction conditions on yield and quality of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith) inflorescence essential oil

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112581 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

pp. 112581

Author(s):

Anis Asyila Marzlan ◽

Belal J Muhialdin ◽

Nur Hanani Zainal Abedin ◽

Nameer Khairullah Mohammed ◽

Muna Mahmood Taleb Abadl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Supercritical Co2 ◽

Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Etlingera Elatior

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Effect of harvest date on the yield and quality of the essential oil of peppermint

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-104 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 815-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

William A. Court ◽

Robert Pocs ◽

Robert C. Roy

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Loamy Sand Soil ◽

Physical And Chemical

A field experiment was conducted from 1989 to 1991 on a Fox loamy sand soil to study the effects of harvest date on selected agronomic, physical and chemical characteristics of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Plant biomass and essential oil yields increased throughout the season to a maximum in very late August to early September. Menthol, neomenthol, and menthyl acetate concentrations increased in the essential oil with plant development. The amount of menthone and isomenthone was highest in immature plants. The concentrations of menthofuran and pulegone in the essential oil corresponded to the amount of flower bloom in the peppermint. Changes during the season in the concentrations of piperitone, terpinene-4-ol, α-terpineol, 1,8-cineole, limonene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, α-terpinene, α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-octanol, β-myrcene, Linalool, sabinene, caryophyllene and Germacrene-D were typically quite small. In general, these preliminary results indicate that peppermint can be grown successfully on the coarse-textured soils of Ontario. Key words: Mentha piperita L., peppermint, essential oil, essential oil composition, harvesting date

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