scholarly journals Effect of Gamma Rays on Seed Germination Survival Rate and Morphology of Stevia rebaudiana Hybrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Shamsiah Abdullah ◽  
Nor Yasmin Mohamad Fauzi ◽  
Aida Khalida Khalid ◽  
Mohamad Osman
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana

The effects of gamma radiation are investigated by studying seed germination, survival rate and morphological characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana. Improvement of stevia plant through mutagenesis could be one of the ways to produce stevia with delay flowering. 

scholarly journals IV. Effect of 60Co gamma rays on survival rate of China aster plants (Callistephus chinensis Nees) in M1 generations - under field conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
A. Wosińska
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Variety Effect ◽  
China Aster ◽  
Different Doses

Studies were undertaken on the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on survival rate of plants (germinated from irradiated seeds) for 5 China aster varieties specified at florescence time. During their growth under field conditions (from planting time to blooming) lethal effect of the radiation occurred in plants of all varieties and its level depended on dose and variety. Effect of 3 kR and 6 kR doses differed depending on variety and was not always harmful, but following irradiation with doses exceeding 6 kR a considerable decrease in survival rate was observed. Radioresistance of studied varieties - measured both: by LD<sub>50</sub> and LD<sub>l00</sub> - differed; depending on variety, LD<sub>50 </sub>and LD<sub>l00</sub> values fluctuated: from 6 to 9 kR and 12 to 15 kR respectively.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Induced Mutagenesis Study for Identifying Lethality Dose in Chick Pea (Cicer arietinum L.) Var. Co - 4

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Umavathi ◽  
L. Mullainathan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Mutagenesis Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The present study was conducted in order to determine the effect of gamma rays and EMS on seed germination, Seedling height and root length in chick pea to identify the lethal dose (LD50). In this regard, the healthy seeds of chick pea was subjected to different doses/concentrations of gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60kR) and EMS (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50mM) for inducing mutation. The effect of gamma rays and EMS was determined by measuring the seed germination, seedling height and root length under the conditions of the M1 generation. The results shows that, the seed germination, seedling height and root length were significantly decreased with increasing doses/concentrations. The LD50 values were observed based on the growth reduction of seedlings after treatments with mutagen. The effective doses/concentrations which caused 50% growth reduction were observed in 40kR in gamma rays and 30mM in EMS.

Evaluation of the effect of gamma rays on the venom of Vipera lebetina by biochemical study

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1110-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouara Bennacef-Heffar ◽  
Fatima Laraba-Djebari
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Phospholipase A ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Vipera Lebetina

Snake bites represent a serious public health problem in many areas of the world. In Algeria, two widespread snakes are Vipera lebetina and Cerastes cerastes. Vipera lebetina venom causes local hemorrhage and necrosis, and it may lead to permanent limb loss. The principal causes of mortality after snakebites are acute renal failure and hemorrhage, which occur not only locally, at the site of the bite, but also systemically, contributing to the cardiovascular shock characteristic of severe envenomation. Gamma radiation has been shown to be effective for attenuating venom toxicity. Vipera lebetina venom was irradiated with two doses of gamma rays (1 and 2 kGy) from a 60Co source, and the venom's toxic, enzymatic, and structural properties were analyzed. Intraperitoneal injection of the irradiated venoms (100–500 µg/20 g mouse body mass) revealed a significant decrease of the toxicity. Irradiated venoms with 1 and 2 kGy doses were four and nine times less toxic, respectively, than the native venom. A biochemical characterization of in vitro enzymatic activities was performed. Vipera lebetina displayed in vitro caseinolytic, amidolytic, esterasic, coagulant, and phospholipase A2 activities. Caseinolytic, amidolytic, esterasic, and coagulative activities were reduced for the irradiated venoms; only phospholipase A2 activity was abolished in the irradiated venom with a dose of 2 kGy. The native and irradiated venoms were separated by gel filtration and electrophoresis. Chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles were drastically changed as compared with the native venom. Vipera lebetina venom detoxified by gamma rays was used for active immunization, and the presence of antibody in the immune sera was detected by ELISA. The immunogenic properties were preserved and the antisera obtained with the irradiated venoms could cross-react. Antisera were able to neutralize the toxic effect of V. lebetina native venom. These results indicate that irradiation of V. lebetina venom with a dose of 2 kGy can promote a significant detoxification, keeping the immunological properties intact.Key words: Vipera lebetina venom, gamma radiation, enzymes, detoxification, immune sera, immunoreactivity.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Structural Changes and Catalytic Properties of FeNi Nanostructures as a Result of Exposure to Gamma Radiation

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Daryn B. Borgekov ◽  
Maxim V. Zdorovets ◽  
Dmitriy I. Shlimas ◽  
Artem L. Kozlovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Catalytic Reactions ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Crystallite Orientation ◽  
Complete Destruction

The paper presents the results of changes in the structural characteristics, and the degree of texturing of FeNi nanostructures close in composition to permalloy compounds as a result of directed modification by gamma radiation with an energy of 1.35 MeV and doses from 100 to 500 kGy. The choices of energy and radiation doses were due to the need to modify the structural properties, which consisted of annealing the point defects that occurred during the synthesis along the entire length of the nanotubes. The initial FeNi nanostructures were polycrystalline nanotubes of anisotropic crystallite orientation, obtained by electrochemical deposition. The study found that exposure to gamma rays led to fewer defects in the structure, and reorientation of crystallites, and at doses above 300 kGy, the presence of one selected texture direction (111) in the structure. During tests of the corrosion resistance of synthesized and modified nanostructures in a PBS solution at various temperatures, it was found that exposure to gamma rays led to a significant decrease in the rate of degradation of nanotubes and an increase in the potential life of up to 20 days. It was established that at the first stage of testing, the degradation of nanostructures is accompanied by the formation of oxide inclusions, which subsequently lead to the formation of pitting corrosion and subsequent partial or complete destruction of the nanostructures. It is shown that gamma radiation is promising not only for targeted modification of nanostructures and increasing resistance to degradation, but also for increasing the rate of catalytic reactions of the PNA-PPD type.

Temporal changes in boreal forest tree canopy cover along a gradient of gamma radiation

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Amiro ◽  
J. R. Dugle
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover

A forest site in southeastern Manitoba has been irradiated by a point source of gamma rays continuously since 1973, and measurements have been made yearly to study the change in boreal forest canopy cover along the radiation gradient. After 10 years of chronic irradiation, a zone of total tree death has resulted from mean dose rates between 25 and 62 mGy h−1. Tree canopy cover was reduced at mean dose rates exceeding ~ 4.5 mGy h−1 and the largest reduction occurred in the first 2 years of irradiation. The temporal responses of seven woody species to gamma radiation are presented. Bebb's willow, trembling aspen, speckled alder, and paper birch were less sensitive to radiation than black spruce, balsam fir, and jack pine. The results confirm that gymnosperms are more sensitive to gamma rays than angiosperms.

scholarly journals Gas-Čerenkov Detector for 10 to 100 MeV Gamma Rays

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 77-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Helmken ◽  
J. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Plastic Scintillator ◽  
Spectral Information ◽  
Cerenkov Detector ◽  
Half Angle ◽  
Cerenkov Light

A gas-Čerenkov detector sensitive to gamma radiation above 10 MeV is currently undergoing final testing. The detector relies on the conversion and Compton scattering of gamma rays in a plastic scintillator and detecting the resulting electrons via the Čerenkov light they emit in a 2-m propane-gas column. Spectral information can be attained by varying gas pressure during the flight. The present detector is approximately 34″ in diameter, 91″ in length and weight 450 lb. At 20 MeV, an angular resolution of 6° half angle is expected. With an efficiency of 1 to 2%, a 10 hr balloon-borne system should achieve a point-source sensitivity of approximately 5× 10−5 photon cm−2 s−1 above 20 MeV. A satellite version of the detector is expected to have a sensitivity of approximately 1.3 × 10−5 photon cm−2 s−1 above 10 MeV for a 1-month galactic-plane scan mode. (Helmken and Hoffman, 1970.)

The effect of gamma radiation on seed germination and seedling growth of Lathyrus chrysanthus Boiss. under in vitro conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 162-163 ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Beyaz ◽  
Cansu Telci Kahramanogullari ◽  
Cigdem Yildiz ◽  
E. Selcen Darcin ◽  
Mustafa Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Seedling Growth

Possible direct effect of diethylcarbamazine on the infective larvae of Brugia pahangi

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Yasunori Fujimaki ◽  
Masaaki Shimada ◽  
Yoshinori Mitsui ◽  
Eisaku Kimura ◽  
Yoshiki Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Foetal Bovine Serum

ABSTRACTThe direct action of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) on the infective larvae of Brugia pahangi was studied. The larvae were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with foetal bovine serum and antibiotics for 22 days. Most of the larvae remained alive for 8 days, but survival rate of larvae decreased rapidly from day 10 onwards. The larvae did not grow in the culture system. The addition of DEC did not affect the morbidity of the larvae and no difference was observed in the morphological characteristics between the larvae cultured in the presence or absence of DEC.The infective larvae were cultured in vitro for 5 days in the presence or absence of DEC, and inoculated into jirds. The animals were necropsied at intervals, and developing larvae and adult worms were recovered. When the larvae were cultured without DEC and then inoculated subcutaneously into jirds, 29.8% of the inoculum was recovered 3–15 days, and 25% 19–22 weeks, post-inoculation. However, when the larvae were exposed to DEC in vitro and inoculated into jirds, the rate of recovery was reduced to 25% 3–15 days post-inoculation and 2% after 19–22 weeks. When the control larvae cultured in vitro were inoculated intraperitoneally into jirds, 41·3% of inoculum was recovered 3–15 days, and 42·8% 19–22 weeks, post-inoculation. Again the corresponding value for larvae exposed to DEC in vitro was reduced to 19.8% 3–15 days, and 8% 19–22 weeks, post-inoculation. It was observed that the larvae exposed to DEC in vitro were retarded in their development in jirds. These results indicate that DEC has a direct action against the infective larvae of B. pahangi.

scholarly journals Acclimatization and early growth of tissue culture-derived Stevia rebaudiana at low altitude area in Bogor, Indonesia (Aklimatisasi dan pertumbuhan awal Stevia rebaudiana asal kultur jaringan pada dataran rendah di Bogor, Indonesia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masna Maya SINTA ◽  
Dian Mutara AMANAH
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Tropics

Aklimatisasi merupakan masa transisi sebelum kultur in vitro dapat ditanam di lingkungan ex vitro. Di daerah tropis, stevia seyogianya ditanam di dataran tinggi. Pengembangan klon stevia yang sesuai untuk dataran rendah di kawasan tropis sangat penting untuk memungkinkan penggunaan mekanisasi pada pertanaman stevia yang luas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh kondisi eksplan dan periode hardening terhadap daya hidup dan pertumbuhan pada tahap aklimatisasi dan pertumbuhan awal stevia klon BS 22 pada area terbuka di dataran rendah di wilayah tropis. Penelitian pertama dilangsungkan menggunakan umur tunas yang berbeda: 0, 1, 2, dan 3 minggu yang dikultur pada media padat sebagai sumber bahan eksplan. Penelitian kedua menggunakan satu buku stevia pada periode hardening dalam media cair selama 1, 4, 7 dan 10 hari. Aklimatisasi dilaksanakan dengan menanam eksplan dalam medium tumbuh campuran pada multi-tray dan diletakkan di dalam sungkup plastik tertutup selama 1 bulan. Tanaman yang berhasil hidup kemudian dipindah ke polibeg pada area terbuka dengan sinar matahari penuh. Pengamatan daya hidup dan pertumbuhan dilakukan pada akhir tahap aklimatisasi dan setelah 2 bulan di area terbuka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksplan umur 1 minggu yang dikultur pada media padat mempunyai daya hidup tertinggi yakni 83%. Buku tunggal stevia yang dikultur pada medium cair pada tahap hardening selama 4 hari meningkatkan daya hidup menjadi 97% selama aklimatisasi 1 bulan. Setelah aklimatisasi, tinggi tanaman secara rata-rata adalah 2,6 cm dengan 10,6 helai daun. Tanaman yang dipindah ke area terbuka tumbuh pesat dengan tinggi tanaman mencapai 12 cm dengan 30 helai daun dan daya hidup 63% setelah 2 bulan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa stevia klon BS 22 mungkin sesuai untuk dataran rendah di daerah tropis.  [Kata kunci: tanaman pemanis, eksplan tunas, tahap hardening, daya hidup, tropika] AbstractAcclimatization is a transition period before in vitro culture can be planted in ex vitro environment. In the tropical region, stevia is should be planted at high altitude areas. The development of stevia clones suitable for low land area in the tropics is important to make it possible to apply mechanization in a large scale stevia plantation. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of explant conditions and hardening period on survival rate and growth during acclimatization stage and early growth of stevia clone B 22 in an open area at low altitude area in the tropics. The first experiment was conducted using different shoot ages: 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks cultured on solid media as an explant material source. The second experiment was using single node of stevia in different hardening periods in liquid media for 1, 4, 7 and 10 days.  Acclimatization was carried out by planting the explants on a mixture growing medium in multi-trays and placed inside a closed plastic tunnel for 1 month. The survival rate and growth parameters were observed at the end of acclimatization stage and after 2 months in the open area. The results show that 1-week explant age on solid media had the highest survival rate at 83%. Hardening single node of shoot in a liquid medium for 4 days increased the survival rate to 97% in 1 month acclimatization stage.  After acclimatization, the plant height on average was 2.6 cm with 10.6 leaves. The survived plants planted in an open area grew rapidly to 12 cm in height with 30 leaves and survival rate 63% within 2 months. It indicates that stevia clone BS 22 may suitable for a low altitude area in the tropics. [Key words: sweetener plant, shoot explant, hardening period, survival rate, tropics]  

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