scholarly journals The Priority of Exploiting Fiscal Revenue or Lessening Public Expenditure: Evidence from China

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Yu kun Wang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
We-me Ho
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fiscal Revenue ◽  
Fiscal Expenditure ◽  
The Government

In the past 28 years, we find that except for the fiscal revenue of 5,132.1 billion yuan in 2007, which is greater than the fiscal expenditure of 4,978.1 billion yuan, presenting a fiscal surplus, the fiscal expenditure of the rest years is greater than the fiscal revenue, showing the situation of public sector net cash requirement (psncr), especially in 2011, the deficit( the gap between fiscal expenditure and fiscal revenue) is 537.3 billion yuan. Since then, the gap between expenditure and revenue has been increasing with each passing year. In 2015, the fiscal deficit is 2,368 billion yuan. In 2018, the fiscal deficit has been expanded to 3,754.4 billion yuan. In order to avoid the continuous increment of the deficit. This paper discusses the causal relationship between China's fiscal revenue and public expenditure from 1990 to 2018. If fiscal revenue has a positive impact on public expenditure, showing that the government shall reduce fiscal deficit through tax increment. On the contrary, it makes public expenditure continue to expand, leading to the continuous deterioration of fiscal deficit, so as to further decide whether China's future fiscal policy should adopt increasing fiscal revenue or deducting public expenditure policy to reduce the deficit.

The Local Government of Kulon Progo Regency Innovation in Subduing Capitalism through Community Empowerment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Muhammad Eko Atmojo ◽  
Helen Dian Fridayani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
District Government ◽  
The Government

Kulon Progo Regency is one of the districts that has many innovations, one of which is community empowerment in collaboration with a modern shop abbreviated as the shop name owned by the people (tomira). This research was motivated by the achievements of the Kulon Progo district government in carrying out development and innovation in the development of the Kulon Progo region by fully involving the Kulon Progo district community through community empowerment. This initiative was taken by the government of Kulon Progo Regency to improve community empowerment and protect the people of Kulon Progo Regency from various economic threats. Considering that in the past few years many modern shops have mushroomed in each district/city, so this is what makes Kulon Progo Regency move quickly to empower the community by collaborating between MSMEs or cooperative with modern shops. This study uses a qualitative method which case study approach. With the empowerment that has been done, the original products of Kulon Progo Regency or local products can be traded in modern stores so that local products in Kulon Progo Regency can compete with national products in these modern stores. The existence of such cooperation will indirectly improve the image of Kulon Progo Regency and lift the original products of Kulon Progo Regency. The lifting of the original products of Kulon Progo Regency will have a positive impact on the community, where indirectly the economy of the community will increase so that there will be prosperity for the community. Kabupaten Kulon Progo adalah salah satu kabupaten yang memiliki banyak inovasi, salah satunya adalah pemberdayaan masyarakat bekerja sama dengan toko modern disingkat nama toko yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat (tomira). Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pencapaian pemerintah kabupaten Kulon Progo dalam melakukan pengembangan dan inovasi dalam pengembangan wilayah Kulon Progo dengan melibatkan sepenuhnya masyarakat kabupaten Kulon Progo melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat. Inisiatif ini diambil oleh pemerintah Kabupaten Kulon Progo untuk meningkatkan pemberdayaan masyarakat dan melindungi masyarakat Kabupaten Kulon Progo dari berbagai ancaman ekonomi. Menimbang bahwa dalam beberapa tahun terakhir banyak toko-toko modern telah menjamur di setiap kabupaten/kota, jadi inilah yang membuat Kabupaten Kulon Progo bergerak cepat untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dengan berkolaborasi antara UMKM atau bekerjasama dengan toko-toko modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, dengan metode yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi. Dengan pemberdayaan yang telah dilakukan, produk asli Kabupaten Kulon Progo atau produk lokal dapat diperdagangkan di toko modern sehingga produk lokal di Kabupaten Kulon Progo dapat bersaing dengan produk nasional di toko modern ini. Adanya kerjasama tersebut secara tidak langsung akan meningkatkan citra Kabupaten Kulon Progo dan mengangkat produk asli Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Pencabutan produk asli Kabupaten Kulon Progo akan berdampak positif bagi masyarakat, di mana secara tidak langsung perekonomian masyarakat akan meningkat sehingga akan ada kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat.

Analysis of Financial Performance of Public Sector Banks in India: CAMEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 097674792096686
Author(s):  
Yudhvir Singh ◽  
Ram Milan
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Asset Quality

Public sector banks have been merged by the government in the last few years. This is the rationale behind conducting this study. The purpose of this article is to determine the factors affecting the performance of public sector banks in India and the interrelationship between bank-specific determinants and performance of public sector banks. In this article, we shall analyse the financial data of all the public sector commercial banks for a period spread across 11 years (2009–2019); Capital adequacy, Assets quality, Management efficiency, Earning, and Liquidity (CAMEL) has been used as a performance determinant; system generalised method of moments (GMM) analysis has been used to find the effect of determinants on the performance measurement of public sector banks; and CCA (canonical correlation analysis) has been used to find the interrelationship between the bank-specific determinants and the performance of public sector banks. The finding has important implications in terms of performance in the banking sector. Certain limitations of this study are: It is based on secondary data. The study only covers the financial aspects and not the non-financial aspects. It is found that the asset quality is negatively related with performance of public sector banks. Liquidity and inflation are inversely related to performance of public sector banks in India. Capital adequacy is positively related with banks’ performance, but inversely related with banks’ interest margin. GDP growth has a significant positive impact on banks’ performance, but inversely related with banks’ interest income. Inflation rate is inversely related with banks’ performance. Banking sector reforms are insignificantly related with banks’ performance.

scholarly journals Sub-national fiscal policy under cooperative and non-cooperative models

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (67) ◽  
pp. 253-279
Author(s):  
Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Cooperative Solution ◽  
National Autonomy ◽  
Cooperative Models

This article presents a comparative analysis of the optimal fiscal response to shocks in the sub-national public sector in cooperative and non-cooperative models. The analysis is undertaken by comparing models that assume idiosyncratic demandside shocks and sub-national autonomy to collect taxes, with models that assume that the central government collects the taxes of the whole country and redistributes them across regions. Results show that under symmetrical conditions, the non-cooperative solution may result in greater stabilization and lower sub-national public expenditure than the cooperative solution. However, if regional asymmetries are introduced into the model, results may be reversed.

DOES THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWIN DEFICITS VARY OVER TIME? EVIDENCE FROM A BOOTSTRAP ROLLING WINDOW APPROACH

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
TIE-YING LIU ◽  
ZI-CHEN GU
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
Rolling Window ◽  
Oil Crisis ◽  
Window Approach

This paper uses the bootstrap rolling window approach to analyze the dynamic causal relationship between the fiscal deficit and the trade deficit in the US from 1901 to 2018. We find the origination and termination of each causality period by considering the structural breaks. The results show that the fiscal deficit had a positive impact on the trade deficit from 1946 to 1956, from 1982 to 1998, in 2000 and from 2002 to 2008, which is in accord with the results of the Mundell–Fleming model, while it had a negative impact from 1937 to 1945. The trade deficit had a positive impact on the fiscal deficit from 1940 to 1942, from 1959 to 1975 and from 1981 to 1994, mainly due to the World War II, oil crisis and trade friction with Japan. It means that the fiscal policy of American federal government can affect the external imbalance.

scholarly journals From He-Cession to She-Stimulus? The labor market impact of fiscal policy across gender

SERIEs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alica Ida Bonk ◽  
Laure Simon
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Wage Bill ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Policy Shocks ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Investment Spending

AbstractMen, especially those that are young and less educated, typically bear the brunt of recessions because of the stronger cyclicality of their employment and wages relative to women’s. We study the extent to which fiscal policy may offset or worsen these asymmetric effects across gender. Using micro-level data for the U.S. from the Current Population Survey, we find that the effects of fiscal policy shocks on labor market outcomes depend on the type of public expenditure. Women benefit most from increases in the government wage bill, while men are the main beneficiaries of higher investment spending. Our analysis further reveals that the fiscal component most efficient at closing gender gaps is least suitable for offsetting inequitable business cycle effects across other socioeconomic dimensions.

scholarly journals Fiscal Deficit of the Public Sector in India: Issues on Data Reliability, Accounting Flaws and Missing Variables

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
K. A. Aneesh
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
National Income ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
Data Reliability ◽  
The Public ◽  
Black Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Missing Variables ◽  
Definition Of

Fiscal deficit, one of the widely acclaimed and internationally accepted measures of fiscal imbalance, is faced with a lot of conceptual and accounting issues in India. The definition of deficit has been changing and therefore there is no consistency in the official series of deficits published by the government of India. Since 1991, budgets were being framed in the context of the New Economic Policies (NEP) consisting of the Stabilization Policies and the Structural Adjustment Policies (SAP). While, the fiscal austerity in the form of expenditure reduction and revenue enhancement as a corollary to NEP has hardly worked out in India. However, the Central government has undertaken several measures to show a reduced fiscal deficit in India. One of the ways practiced was to implement some changes in the accounting practices over the years. This was by including some additional elements in the definition of deficit and excluding some other items. The second practice was to transfer the deficit of the Centre to other layers of the government. In a broad fiscal policy regime framework following Prof. Arun Kumar’s modified National Income Identity (1988), a total government or public sector comprising of the Centre, State/UTs and local-self-governments as well as the Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) at the Centre and State levels. The problem of deficit shifting can be automatically avoided by taking the whole public sector into the analysis, which makes the empirical results on interrelationship between fiscal deficit and various macroeconomic variables more realistic and convincing. Still, there is a paucity of white economy data, because of the existence of substantial black economy in India. Its non-inclusion in analysis results in a partial understanding of the economy and often incorrect policy pronouncements. The need to incorporate the black economy is not simply an empirical matter, but a theoretical necessity. This paper in general tries to bring the aforementioned issues on data reliability, accounting flaws and missing variables into the discussion and attempt to correct the fudges in the official deficit series published by the government and also tries construct a compiled series of deficit for the public sector in India. The empirical section of the paper explains the significance of black economy as a variable to be included in the analysis to get better understanding of the economy.

Pre Disinvestment & Post Disinvestment Financial Analysis of Oil and Gas Company in India”

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Sumeet Gupta ◽  
Sharad Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Government

Disinvestment of minority share of PSU have become one of the important medium of raising revenue for the government. The government wanted to reduce its fiscal deficit by doing disinvestment of public sector enterprise. It is believed that operating performance and efficiency of Public sector enterprise gets improved after the post disinvestment period. There are many public sector enterprise whose financial performance got improved after the disinvestment.The prime focus of the study is to examine:Why there is a need for disinvestment of public sector enterprise      such as ONGC and IOCL.The impact of disinvestment on the financial and operating      performance on pre disinvestment as well as on post disinvestment period. In this study financial performance will be measured e.g.  Profitability ratio, efficiency ratio, liquidity ratio, & leverage and ratio for perspective investor. The financial performance will be used to access whether there is any impact of disinvestment on company’s performance of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. & Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.  

Commentary: the Policy Framework

2008 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Martin Weale
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Fiscal Balance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Monetary And Fiscal Policy

The Government, when it came to power in 1997, adopted a monetary and fiscal policy framework which was intended to deliver low and stable inflation, high and stable economic growth and fiscal balance as a basis for fairness between generations. It is abundantly clear from the chaos of the past few weeks that the policy has failed. Given that the policy goals are unlikely to be criticised, the question addressed here is which parts of the policy need replacing or augmenting.

Violence against healthcare personnel in India: Covid-19 prompts stricter laws

2021 ◽  
pp. 002581722110062
Author(s):  
Matthew A Manoj ◽  
Jagadish Rao Padubidri ◽  
JSRG Saran ◽  
Sowmya J Rao ◽  
B Suresh Kumar Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Occupational Violence ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

During the past 10 years, the “Prevention of Violence Against Medicare Persons and Institutions Act” has failed to achieve its object. With the advent of the pandemic, stricter measures were taken and on 22 April 2020, all acts of violence against healthcare personnel confronting the Covid-19 pandemic became “cognizable and non-bailable offences” by means of the Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance, a direct statement from the Government of India that there would be zero tolerance for violence against its health care workers. The Amendment aims to fill gaps in the previous law which did not protect healthcare workers against occupational violence at the workplace and at home. The amendment of the Ordinance will have a positive impact on the medical community which is much needed, particularly during the pandemic.

scholarly journals CAN THE CREDIBLE FISCAL POLICY MITIGATE THE TERMS OF TRADE FLUCTUATION?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-257
Author(s):  
Haryo Kuncoro
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
International Market ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Government Size ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
Discretionary Fiscal Policy ◽  
Policy Credibility ◽  
The Government

This paper examines the links between fiscal policy and terms-of-trade movement in the case of Indonesia over the period 2001-13. Unlike other researchers, this paper explores both the rules-based and discretionary fiscal policies. The earlier factor covers deficit rule and debt rule which are intended to measure the fiscal policy credibility. The later follows Fatás and Mihov (2003; 2006). The OLS estimation of quarterly data reveals that the less credible deficit rule policy and discretionary fiscal policy have a positive impact on the terms of trade. In contrast, the more credible debt rule policy and government size tend to depreciate the terms of trade. Those findings suggest that fiscal policy credibility does not matter in the context of international market. Furthermore, to mitigate the external risks, the government intervention to the international market debt should be limited.

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