scholarly journals Utilization of factor analysis in waterworks engineering

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Petra Nováková
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the work was to elaborate and evaluate the water quality of water reservoir Vranov nad Dyjí. Fresh water was sampled in five different locations of the reservoir (three important tributaries, dam and water captation locality). Ten, the most essential water quality indicators were selected. From the point of view of water quality indicators complexity the most integrated samples were taken in the water captation locality (period 1984 – 2002). At other locations, there were missing dates from the eightieth, but their volume was sufficient for statistical processing.Correlation analyses for the individual locations and dimensions were done as so as determination coefficients for all localities during the time period of 1994 – 2002. The results demonstrate very good allocation of the water captation from the point of view of the water flow.Multiples and factor analysis was done for the period of 1984 – 2002 in the locality Jelení zátoka where the object of water captation is situated. The results of the analysis are nine factors, which influence the water quality of the reservoir. From the point of view of the importance three factors were interpreted.The analyses and results are part of my Ph.D. thesis. The results will be used for other evaluations of the water quality in the reservoir and tributaries, for activities in the catchment’s area and for proposal processing other zones of second level of protected areas.

scholarly journals Water Quality of Freshwater Ecosystems in a Temperate Climate

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2643
Author(s):  
Piotr Klimaszyk ◽  
Ryszard Gołdyn
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Water is the substance that made life on Earth possible. It plays a key role in both the individual and population development of all species. Water is also a critical resource for humans as populations continue to grow and climate change affects global and local water cycles. Water is a factor limiting economic development in many regions of the world. Under these conditions, good water quality becomes an extremely important factor that determines its economic utility, including water supply, recreation, and agriculture. Proper water quality maintenance of freshwater ecosystems is also very important for preserving biodiversity. The quality of water depends on many factors, the most important of which are related to human impact on water ecosystems, especially the impact of various pollutants from municipal economy, industry and agriculture. Hydrotechnical changes, such as river damming, drainage processes and water transport between catchments also have a significant impact. Water quality is also dependent on the impact of natural conditions connected, e.g., with climate, catchment, water organisms and their interactions within the food-webs, etc. This Special Issue consists of fourteen original scientific papers concerning different problems associated with the water quality of freshwater ecosystems in a temperate climate. Most of the articles deal with the relations between water quality and the structure of ecosystem biocenoses. The conclusion of these articles confirms the fact that the deterioration of water quality has a direct impact on the quantitative and qualitative structure of biocenoses. This is accompanied by a decline in biodiversity and the disappearance of rare plant and animal species. They also draw attention to the particular importance of internal physical and chemical differentiation within the aquatic ecosystem, both in horizontal and vertical dimensions. The problem of ensuring proper ecological conditions and good quality of water in freshwater aquatic ecosystems is also raised, and methods for the restoration of water bodies are presented. The majority of the research presented in this Special Issue was carried out in Central Europe, and one of the papers concerns the area of West Africa—the edge of temperate climate zone.

scholarly journals Practical use of radiation parameters of drinking water quality: guidelines of international organizations and ukrainian experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
L.L. Mykhailova ◽  
◽  
M.G. Buzynny ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Radiation Quality ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Individual

The analysis of the documents of the authoritative international organizations and scientific works was carried out from the point of view of the development of the strategy for ensuring the radiation quality of drinking water. The radiation parameters of the quality of drinking water, the interpretation of monitoring results by screening and recommended levels, the value of the individual dose criterion, as well as algorithms for establishing the frequency of monitoring of the radiation parameters of drinking water were considered. Objective: We analyzed the documents of reputable international organizations and scientific works in terms of the development of the strategy for ensuring radiation quality of drinking water and the features of the practical application of the parameters of water radiation quality in the world and Ukraine. Methods: bibliographic, analytical. Materials: We performed the analysis of the documents of international organizations (WHO, IAEA, ICRP, UNSCEAR), as well as scientific publications on the radiation quality of drinking water in the light of the experience in measuring the content of drinking water radionuclides at the territory of Ukraine. Results: Materials of the international documents and scientific publications demonstrate that the assessment of radiation quality of drinking water requires a balanced analysis. In some cases, based on the results of only one determination of the total alpha and total beta activity, it is impossible to draw an unambiguous conclusion about the suitability or unsuitability of drinking water for consumption. Taking into account the geological heterogeneity of the territory of Ukraine, in order to obtain sufficient data on the radioactivity of groundwater, it is necessary to conduct extensive screening studies of the radiation quality of water in the regions of the country with the involvement of geological and monitoring services, local authorities.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment of middle route of South-North water diversion project based on modified Nemerow index method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilin Yang ◽  
Dawei Zhang ◽  
Jin Quan ◽  
Pengwen Wang ◽  
Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Water Diversion Project ◽  
North Water

Abstract It is of great significance to find a scientific way to assess the water quality of the middle route of the South-North Water Diversion Project. In this paper, the spatio-temporal changes of the 26 water quality indicators in eight key monitoring stations along the middle route since the project was put into use were analyzed, and the modified Nemerow index method was employed to assess the water quality of the route in its early stage of operation. The results show that the water quality remained good in the period of study. Important water quality indicators were identified, including temperature, permanganate index, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, mercury content, and density of planktonic algae. It is advised that potential ecological risks related to algae and shellfish reproduction in the open canal deserve special attention.

scholarly journals The Fluctuation of Water Quality of Ci Lutung flow areas in Majalengka and Sumedang.

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
Deddy Caesar Agusto ◽  
Eko Kusratmoko
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

The river is the main source of water in Indonesia, which at the moment, this quality tends to get worse and is no longer worth consuming for various needs. The cause of the pollution is the entry of pollutants both point source (industrial waste) and non-point source (residential and agricultural land). Rainfall can be a non-point source pollutant agent from a watershed to a water body. The impact of rainfall on increasing concentrations of pollutants is very significant, especially the high intensity rainfall that falls after the long dry season. In this study, water quality data is obtained from river outlets located in Damkamun taken every 30 minutes during the rainfall event so that fluctuation in water quality can be seen. Water quality indicators studied in this research are TDS, DHLNitrate, Phosphate and Ph. The author, in analyzing, using rainfall Himawari 8 which is obtained every 10 minutes. The result shows that rainfall is directly related to the water flow and the fluctuation of the discharge affects the water quality. From the calculations, the chemical quality of water is also influenced by the use of land in the watershed. Nitrate value increases when the occurrence of rain occurs in land use while phosphate experiences a high value during the event.

scholarly journals ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ВОДИ В РІЧКАХ ДУНАЙ ТА СІВЕРСЬКИЙ ДОНЕЦЬ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ГЕОІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(51)) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Васенко О. Г. ◽  
Брук В. В. ◽  
Карлюк А. А. ◽  
Свиридов Ю. В.
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Water Quality Indicators

For forecasting of the change of water quality in water object the geographic information system (GIS) of the ecological monitoring had been designed. The geographic information system was applied to analyze the water quality of the Danube and Seversky Donets. With the help of GIS, the main trends of changes in water quality indicators of the Danube Delta were identified. In the Danube River, for the most part, there was a tendency for improvement of water quality during the study period, the tendency for deterioration of water quality was determined only by the indicator of manganese. The tendency for deterioration of water quality was observed in the Siverskyi Donets River by the following indicators: suspended matter and ammonia nitrogen. The main trends of changes in water quality indicators have also been identified in the lakes (Chaika, Lychevoe), which influence the formation of water quality of the Siverskyi Donets River. In Lake Chaika there is a tendency to deteriorate in quality: weighed substances; nitrogen nitrate, chlorides and iron. In this case, the values of some indicators in Lake Chaika (BOD-5 and total iron), in Lake Lichovo (COD, BOD-5, nitrite nitrogen) and in the Siverskyi Donets River (overlying districts, ammonium nitrogen) will be several times higher fishery maximum permissible concentration.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF WATER BODIES QUALITY OF THE VOLGA-AKHTUBA FLOODPLAIN FROM ECOLOGICAL VIEWPOINT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ya. Semenenko ◽  
◽  
N. V. Morozova ◽  
S. S. Marchenko ◽  
N. A. Kolobanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Negative Impacts

Purpose: to assess the quality of water in water bodies of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain from an ecological viewpoint, taking into account the modern regulatory framework in the field of environmental protection. Materials and Methods. To assess the quality of natural waters from an ecological viewpoint, a complex indicator calculated by basic analyte markers that characterize typical negative impacts was used. The following hydrochemical indicators were taken as analyte markers: pH, mineralization (dry residue), suspended solids of natural origin, total iron, total manganese, ammonium (N), nitrites (N), nitrates (N), phosphates (PO4), chemical oxygen demand (COD). Results. The ecological state of water bodies was determined by hydro-chemical indicators of surface waters and bottom sediments using the example of such representative objects as water bodies on the territory of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain: lakes Peschanoe, Varyuzhka, Zhestkovo, erik Chayka, lakes Beshenoe, Chubatoe, Yamy, erik Shumrovatyy, lake Shirokogorloe. In accordance with the provisions of GOST R 58556-2019 “Assessment of water quality in water bodies from an ecological point of view”, the quality of water from an ecological viewpoint, the degree of quality disturbance and changes in the state of aquatic ecosystems under anthropogenic load have been determined. Conclusions. Petroleum products have been recorded in the water bodies of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain (lake Varyuzhka, erik Shumrovatyy). The analysis of hydrochemical indicators of water quality and bottom sediments shows that currently the overall level of pollution of the considered water bodies does not reach critical levels of permissible values.

State and quality of water in the Desna river basin (within the Chernigiv region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
Angelina Chugai ◽  
◽  
Anastasiia Нlod ◽  
Victor Pylypiuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Complex Coefficient ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Technogenic Impact ◽  
Quality Of Water

The Desna River is a tributary of the Dnieper with a total length of 575 km within Ukraine. 468 km of them flows through the Chernihiv region. The main pollution sources of the water bodies in the Chernihiv region are utilities. Continuous monitoring of the surface water state is relevant and necessary, as it allows to give a reliable water quality assessment, to identify the anthropogenic impact factors and to assess the technogenic loading in order to establish the level of water use and to develop a set of measures to improve the state of water and the environment in general. The materials of monitoring observations of the water quality indicators of the Desna river for a long-term period, as well as the materials of the Ecological passports of the Chernihiv region concerning the water use indicators, were used as the initial data in the work. The analysis of the hydrochemical regime of the Desna River over a long period was performed using a graphical method. The assessment of the technogenic impact on the water bodies of the region was performed using the method of assessing the efficiency of water use based on the water consumption and sewerage efficiency coefficients. The analysis of the content of the water quality indicators showed that constant exceedance of the MPC (Maximum Permissible Concentrations) in the waters of the Desna River within the Chernihiv region was observed in the content of phosphates and nitrites, as well as total iron and manganese. The results of the assessment of the technogenic impact on the water basin of the Desna River showed that the drainage coefficient underwent certain changes with the best indicators in 2015–2016. No sharp fluctuations in the values of the water supply coefficient were observed. The best values of the water use efficiency complex coefficient were noted in 2015–2016. In general, in recent years the efficiency of water using indicators of the Desna River water in the Chernihiv region has corresponded to the average indicators. The results of the assessment of the technogenic impact on all components of the environment in the Chernihiv region showed that in recent years there has been a tendency to reduce the technogenic impact complex indicator. In general, the Chernihiv region can be attributed to the second ecological district with a moderate technogenic loading level.

scholarly journals Using Optimized Two and Three-Band Spectral Indices and Multivariate Models to Assess Some Water Quality Indicators of Qaroun Lake in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10408
Author(s):  
Salah Elsayed ◽  
Mohamed Gad ◽  
Mohamed Farouk ◽  
Ali H. Saleh ◽  
Hend Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Strong Relationships

Standard methods are limited for monitoring and managing water quality indicators (WQIs) in real-time and on a large scale. Consequently, there is an urgent need to use reliable, practical, swift, and cost-effective monitoring tools that can be easily deployed and assist decision makers in assessing key indicators relevant to surface water quality in a comprehensive manner. Surface water samples were collected and evaluated for water quality at 16 distinct sites across the Qaroun Lake in 2018 and 2019. Different WQIs, including total dissolved solids (TDS), transparency, total suspended solids (TSS), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and total phosphorus (TP), were tested for aquatic utilization. An integrated approach comprising WQIs, geospatial techniques, hyperspectral reflectance indices (SRIs) (commonly used SRIs, two-band and three-band SRIs (Spectral index calculated from water spectral reflectance of two or three wavelengths)), and partial least square regression (PLSR) models were used to assess the water quality of Qaroun Lake. According to the findings, the water quality attributes are polluted to varying degrees. The majority of commonly used SRIs presented moderately relationship with four WQIs (transparency, TSS, Chl-a, and TP) (R2 = 0.45 to 0.64), while the majority of newly two-band SRIs (NSRIs-2b) indicated moderate to strong relationships with WQIs (R2 = 0.51 to 0.74), and the majority of newly three band SRIs (NSRIs-3b) presented strong relationships with WQIs (R2 = 0.67 to 0.81). Broadly, the highest coefficients of determination were noticed with the NSRIs-3b followed by the NSRIs-2b and then the commonly used SRIs. For example, the NSRIs-3b (NDSI648,712,696) had stronger relationships with transparency, TSS, and Chl-a with R2 = 0.77, 0.66, and 0.81, respectively, than other SRIs. In addition, the NSRIs-3b (NDSI620,610,622) showed the highest R2 of 0.73 with TSS. The NSRIs-3b coupling with PLSR predicted the WQIs with satisfactory accuracy in the calibration (reach up R2 = 0.85) and validation (reach up R2 = 0.81) datasets. The overall findings of this research study showed that deriving an optimized NSRIs-3b from spectrum region and combining it with PLSR model could be a practical tool for managing water quality of the Qaroun Lake by accurately, timely, and non-destructively monitoring the WQIs.

scholarly journals Water quality indicators in the Mantiqueira Range region, Minas Gerais state

CERNE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Campos Pinto ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Mello ◽  
Léo Fernandes Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Animal Farming

Maintaining the quality of water resources is of great importance for environmental preservation and the quality of life of consumers, and is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity today. Land-use for agriculture and animal farming significantly changes the biological, physical and chemical characteristics of natural systems. This study comprised monitoring of two subbasins located in the Mantiqueira Range region, from which water samples were collected on a monthly basis between June 2010 and May 2011 for analysis. Each subbasin has a distinct vegetation cover, one being predominantly covered by pastureland and the other being entirely covered by Atlantic Forest. The following water quality indicators were analyzed: turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, temperature, nitrate, phosphate, BOD,COD, total and fecal coliforms, and respective discharge measurement. The results showed that water quality degradation in both environments coincided with the local rainy season and was influenced by transport of organic material to watercourses by direct surface runoff. The high concentrations of fecal coliforms found affected the water quality, particularly in the rainy season, and are associated with agriculture and animal farming, the main economic activities in the region. The Atlantic Forest environment, however, had statistically better water quality over time in relation to the pastureland environment, due to the buffering it provides to direct surface runoff.

scholarly journals Lithological controls on hydrogeochemical parameters: a case study from parts of Vaigai River basin, Madurai, India

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Sharma ◽  
S. Jayashree
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Structural Controls ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Geochemical Studies

Water being a universal solvent carries minerals in solution which though present in small quantities determine its suitability for various purposes. The suitability of a well is determined more by the quality of water and not by the quantity of water which it can yield. Geochemical studies provide complete know ledge of the water resources of a hydrological region. The influence of mineralogical composition upon the filtering properties and the water quality can be analysed form the point of view of the mineral properties. Quality of ground water varies from place to place and from stratum to stratum, it also varies from season to season. There are various techniques to analyse the groundwater quality. However, not much work has been carried out to study the variations in water quality as a result of 1ithological and structural controls. In the present paper, an attempt has been made in this direction. It is found that the first step for any groundwater quality data analysis should be its correlation with the lithological variations. This paper presents the details of the work carried out in the Vaigai River basin of Tamilnadu.

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