Occurrence and antimicrobial sensitivity in staphylococci isolated from goat, sheep and cow’s milk

The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity to selected antibiotics in staphylococci isolated from goat (n = 60), sheep (n = 60) and cow’s milk (n = 120). The individual milk samples were inoculated onto Blood agar cultivated at 36 °C/24 h.The isolated species of staphylococci were identified using biochemical tests, namely STAPHYtest and identification program TNW pro 6.5. We examined the sensitivity of strains to the spectrum of antibiotics, as follows: vancomycin (VA), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), penicillin (P), rifampicin (RD), oxacillin (OX), tetracycline (TE), erythromycin (E), chloramphenicol (C), clindamycin (DA), gentamicin (CN), ciprofloxacin (CIP), teicoplanin (TEC), cefoxitin (FOX) and novobiocin (NOV). Altogether, 97 staphylococcal isolates were obtained; 70 from cow’s milk, 11 from goat’s milk and 16 from sheep’ milk.Staphylococcus aureuswas the most frequent species in milk of all animal origin tested, was detected in 54 (45%) cow’s milk, 10 (17%) goat’s and 15 (25%) sheep’ milk samples.S. lentuswas identified only in goat’s and sheep’ milk whereas in cow’s milk there were representation of staphylococcal species as follows:S. haemolyticus(n = 7),S. chromogenes(n = 2),S. warneri(n = 2),S. xylosus(n = 2),S. epidermidis(n = 2) and unclassified staphylococci (n = 1). The results ofS. aureussensitivity are similar for all tested antibiotics and for all monitored milk: No resistance to vancomycin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol and teicoplanin was recorded in obtainedS. aureusisolates whereas the resistance to ciprofloxacin was found out most often.

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Isolation and Molecular Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Providencia spp. from Raw Cow’s Milk in Baghdad, Iraq

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2020/8874747 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Nagham Mohammed Ayyal Al‐Gburi

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Street Vendors ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Biolog Gn ◽

Raw Cow’S Milk

A total of sixty raw milk samples were collected from (street vendors and shops) from Baghdad city, Iraq. The samples were inoculated into peptone water and, then, subcultured onto McConkey agar and Blood agar. Identification of isolates was confirmed by microscopic examination, cultural characteristic, biochemical tests, Vitek (VITEK®2 system), and Biolog GN substrate reactions followed by 16S rRNA and specific genes sequencing. Of 60 raw cow’s milk samples, Providencia spp. were identified only in 4 samples (6.67%) and P. rettgeri was the most common, 2/4 (50%), followed by P. stuartii and P. vermicola, 1/4 (25%) . Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted against ten antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. All Providencia isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR), and the absolute resistant was 100% to tetracycline, erythromycin, and doxycycline and 50% against ampicillin\sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. They were highly susceptible (100%) to trimethoprim, imipenem, and chloramphenicol. These findings indicate that milk might be contaminated with Providencia spp. leading to transmission to humans causing poisoning, diarrhea, and other infections. This is the first study of isolated Providencia spp. from raw cow’s milk.

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Hypoglycin A in Cow’s Milk—A Pilot Study

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13060381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 381

Author(s):

Mandy Bochnia ◽

Jörg Ziegler ◽

Maren Glatter ◽

Annette Zeyner

Keyword(s):

Safety Assessment ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Filling Station ◽

Bulk Milk ◽

Sycamore Maple ◽

Carry Over ◽

The Individual

Hypoglycin A (HGA) originating from soapberry fruits (litchi, and ackee) seeds or seedlings from the sycamore maple (SM) tree (related to Sapindaceae) may cause Jamaican vomiting sickness in humans and atypical myopathy in horses and ruminants. A possible transfer into dairy cow’s milk cannot be ruled out since the literature has revealed HGA in the milk of mares and in the offal of captured deer following HGA intoxication. From a study, carried out for another purpose, bulk raw milk samples from four randomly selected dairy farms were available. The cows were pastured in the daytime. A sycamore maple tree was found on the pasture of farm No. 1 only. Bulk milk from the individual tank or milk filling station was sampled in parallels and analyzed for HGA by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Measurable concentrations of HGA occurred only in milk from farm No. 1 and amounted to 120 and 489 nmol/L. Despite low and very variable HGA concentrations, the results indicate that the ingested toxin, once eaten, is transferred into the milk. However, it is unknown how much HGA the individual cow ingested during grazing and what amount was transferred into the bulk milk samples. As a prerequisite for a possible future safety assessment, carry-over studies are needed. Furthermore, the toxins’ stability during milk processing should also be investigated as well.

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Antibiotic residues in cow’s milk

Veterinarska stanica ◽

10.46419/vs.52.5.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Nora Mimoune ◽

Sara Seddiki ◽

Ratiba Baazizi ◽

Imad Eddine Saboundji ◽

Radhwane Saidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Origin ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Contamination Rate ◽

Antibiotic Residues ◽

Diffusion Test ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Agar Diffusion ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Agar Diffusion Test

Veterinary treatments, mainly antibiotics, used for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes in dairy cows, may be the cause of the presence of their residues in milk. This can have harmful consequences on animal and human health. To fully understand this problem, the present study aimed to evaluate the presence of antibiotic residues on 160 samples of cow’s milk in the North Central region of Algeria, using two distinct microbiological techniques (acidification test and agar diffusion test) for two strains Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis. The results showed antibiotic residue contamination in 18.12% of samples. Tetracycline and/or penicillin residues were responsible for the contamination of 90% of positive milk samples, while macrolide and/or aminoglycoside residues were only detected in 6.66% of positive samples. The confirmation by the agar diffusion test of the 31 raw milk samples including 30 positive and one suspicious sample, analysed by the acidification test, showed a contamination rate of 90.32% for beta-lactams and/or tetracyclines (28 samples) and a contamination rate of 3.22% for aminoglycosides and/or macrolides (2 samples). The suspicious sample tested negative. The results of this study showed that the control and monitoring of antibiotics and their residues by collectors and in foods of animal origin are particularly important to ensure the safety of food of animal origin, and thus to protect the consumer.

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ICP-MS Analysis of Trace Element Concentrations in Cow’s Milk Samples from Supermarkets in Istanbul, Turkey

Biological Trace Element Research ◽

10.1007/s12011-019-01708-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 193 (1) ◽

pp. 166-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Devrim Saribal

Keyword(s):

Trace Element ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Element Concentrations ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Icp Ms

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Human Breast Milk Contains Bovine lgG. Relationship to Infant Colic?

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.87.4.439 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 439-444

Author(s):

Patrick S. Clyne ◽

Anthony Kulczycki

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Infant Colic ◽

Β Lactoglobulin

Previous studies have suggested that an unidentified cow's milk protein, other than β-lactoglobulin and casein, might play a pathogenetic role in infant colic. Therefore, a radioimmunoassay was used to analyze human breast milk and infant formula samples for the presence of bovine IgG. Milk samples from 88 of the 97 mothers tested contained greater than 0.1 µg/mL of bovine IgG. In a study group of 59 mothers with infants in the colic-prone 2- to 17-week age group, the 29 mothers of colicky infants had higher levels of bovine IgG in their breast milk (median 0.42 µg/mL) than the 30 mothers of noncolicky infants (median 0.32 µg/mL) (P < .02). The highest concentrations of bovine IgG observed in human milk were 8.5 and 8.2 µg/mL. Most cow's milk-based infant formulas contained 0.6 to 6.4 µg/mL of bovine IgG, a concentration comparable with levels found in many human milk samples. The results suggest that appreciable quantities of bovine IgG are commonly present in human milk, that significantly higher levels are present in milk from mothers of colicky infants, and that bovine IgG may possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of infant colic.

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MOLECULAR DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM RAW MILK SOLD IN DIFFERENT MARKETS OF BANGLADESH

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v14i2.31409 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 277-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. A. Islam ◽

S. M. L. Kabir ◽

M. T. Rahman

Keyword(s):

Molecular Detection ◽

Culture Media ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Selective Media ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test

The study was intended for molecular detection of S. aureus isolated from raw cows milk. A total of 20 milk samples were collected from different upazila markets of Jamalpur, Tangail, Kishoreganj and Netrokona districts of Bangladesh. Milk samples were cultured onto various culture media for the isolation of bacteria. The isolated bacteria were identified by studying cultural properties on different selective media, biochemical tests, and finally by PCR. Out of 20 samples, 15 (75%) milk samples were found to be positive for S. aureus. S. aureus specific 16S rRNA gene was amplified from all isolates and identified as S. aureus. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out to ascertain the susceptibility of the organism to various antibiotics. Its results showed that the S. aureus isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100%), erythromycin (73.33%) and tetracycline (73.33%) but sensitive to azithromycin (93.33%), ciprofloxacin (93.33%), gentamicin (100%), norfloxacin (86.67%) and streptomycin (86.67%).

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Occurrence of enterococci in mastitic cow’s milk and their antimicrobial resistance

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2478/jvetres-2019-0014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 93-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hanna Różańska ◽

Aleksandra Lewtak-Piłat ◽

Maria Kubajka ◽

Marcin Weiner

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

High Rate ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Predominant Species ◽

Peptone Water ◽

Mastitic Milk

Abstract Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of enterococci in inflammatory secretions from mastitic bovine udders and to assess their antimicrobial resistance. Material and Methods: A total of 2,000 mastitic milk samples from cows were tested in 2014–2017. The isolation of enterococci was performed by precultivation in buffered peptone water, selective multiplication in a broth with sodium azide and cristal violet, and cultivation on Slanetz and Bartley agar. The identification of enterococci was carried out using Api rapid ID 32 strep kits. The antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the MIC technique. Results: Enterococci were isolated from 426 samples (21.3%). Enterococcus faecalis was the predominant species (360 strains), followed by E. faecium (35 isolates), and small numbers of others. The highest level of resistance was observed to lincomycin, tetracycline, quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid), erythromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tylosin. Single strains were resistant to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. All isolates were sensitive to daptomycin. E. faecalis presented a higher level of resistance in comparison to E. faecium, except to nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: The results showed frequent occurrence of enterococci in mastitic cow’s milk and confirmed the high rate of their antimicrobial resistance.

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Cow's Milk and Dairy Consumption: Is There Now Consensus for Cardiometabolic Health?

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2020.574725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Sally D. Poppitt

Keyword(s):

Dairy Products ◽

Fat Content ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Low Fat ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Dairy Consumption

Cow's milk and dairy products derived from this complex food source have long been proposed as beneficial to human health, yet underlying clinical evidence of direct benefit continues to raise controversy. Limited evidence supports positive cardiometabolic effects of a number of dairy macro- and micronutrient components including whey protein and casein, unsaturated fats, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and polar phospholipids, vitamin D and calcium, in addition to non-bovine components including bacterial and yeast probiotics. More controversial remain lipid components trans fats, including trans vaccenic acid, trans palmitoleic acid, and conjugated cis trans linoleic acid (CLA), plus medium-chain and odd-chain dairy fats. New evidence is rapidly identifying multiple pathways by which these dairy nutrients may effect health. Processing, including fermentation and homogenization, may also have positive effects. Conversely, the high saturated fat content of dairy has long raised concern, aligned with international guidelines to minimize dietary intake of animal-origin saturated fatty acids (SFA) to achieve better cardiometabolic health. However, led in part by observational studies and meta-analyses showing dairy to have no or even an inverse association with cardiometabolic health, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has been scrutinized over the last 5 years, and focus on low-fat dairy has been challenged. Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that adverse effects of SFAs on metabolic health may be ameliorated when these fats are consumed within a complex matrix such as milk, cheese or yogurt, and that dairy food categories may influence outcomes as much as total fat content. For example, yogurt and high-fat, high-SFA cheese have a negative association with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in many, not all, published trials. However, large sample dairy RCTs of long duration with CVD or T2D incidence as primary endpoints are lacking. This is a clear research gap, with these clinical studies required if a causative link between dairy and improved cardiometabolic health is to be confirmed and in turn promoted through dietary guidelines. Current advisories from national guidance groups such as American Heart Association (AHA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) continue to promote consumption of low-fat dairy products, whilst liquid milk and yogurt remain part of nutrition guidelines from joint American Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for Study of Diabetes (EASD) reports, and as part of a “no-one-size-fits-all” answer to diet and T2D by the ADA in their most recent 2019 Consensus Report.

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