scholarly journals Occurrence of enterococci in mastitic cow’s milk and their antimicrobial resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Różańska ◽  
Aleksandra Lewtak-Piłat ◽  
Maria Kubajka ◽  
Marcin Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Mastitic Milk

Abstract Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of enterococci in inflammatory secretions from mastitic bovine udders and to assess their antimicrobial resistance. Material and Methods: A total of 2,000 mastitic milk samples from cows were tested in 2014–2017. The isolation of enterococci was performed by precultivation in buffered peptone water, selective multiplication in a broth with sodium azide and cristal violet, and cultivation on Slanetz and Bartley agar. The identification of enterococci was carried out using Api rapid ID 32 strep kits. The antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the MIC technique. Results: Enterococci were isolated from 426 samples (21.3%). Enterococcus faecalis was the predominant species (360 strains), followed by E. faecium (35 isolates), and small numbers of others. The highest level of resistance was observed to lincomycin, tetracycline, quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid), erythromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tylosin. Single strains were resistant to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. All isolates were sensitive to daptomycin. E. faecalis presented a higher level of resistance in comparison to E. faecium, except to nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: The results showed frequent occurrence of enterococci in mastitic cow’s milk and confirmed the high rate of their antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Providencia spp. from Raw Cow’s Milk in Baghdad, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nagham Mohammed Ayyal Al‐Gburi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Biolog Gn ◽  
Raw Cow’S Milk

A total of sixty raw milk samples were collected from (street vendors and shops) from Baghdad city, Iraq. The samples were inoculated into peptone water and, then, subcultured onto McConkey agar and Blood agar. Identification of isolates was confirmed by microscopic examination, cultural characteristic, biochemical tests, Vitek (VITEK®2 system), and Biolog GN substrate reactions followed by 16S rRNA and specific genes sequencing. Of 60 raw cow’s milk samples, Providencia spp. were identified only in 4 samples (6.67%) and P. rettgeri was the most common, 2/4 (50%), followed by P. stuartii and P. vermicola, 1/4 (25%) . Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted against ten antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. All Providencia isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR), and the absolute resistant was 100% to tetracycline, erythromycin, and doxycycline and 50% against ampicillin\sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. They were highly susceptible (100%) to trimethoprim, imipenem, and chloramphenicol. These findings indicate that milk might be contaminated with Providencia spp. leading to transmission to humans causing poisoning, diarrhea, and other infections. This is the first study of isolated Providencia spp. from raw cow’s milk.

Human Breast Milk Contains Bovine lgG. Relationship to Infant Colic?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Clyne ◽  
Anthony Kulczycki
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Infant Colic ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Previous studies have suggested that an unidentified cow's milk protein, other than β-lactoglobulin and casein, might play a pathogenetic role in infant colic. Therefore, a radioimmunoassay was used to analyze human breast milk and infant formula samples for the presence of bovine IgG. Milk samples from 88 of the 97 mothers tested contained greater than 0.1 µg/mL of bovine IgG. In a study group of 59 mothers with infants in the colic-prone 2- to 17-week age group, the 29 mothers of colicky infants had higher levels of bovine IgG in their breast milk (median 0.42 µg/mL) than the 30 mothers of noncolicky infants (median 0.32 µg/mL) (P < .02). The highest concentrations of bovine IgG observed in human milk were 8.5 and 8.2 µg/mL. Most cow's milk-based infant formulas contained 0.6 to 6.4 µg/mL of bovine IgG, a concentration comparable with levels found in many human milk samples. The results suggest that appreciable quantities of bovine IgG are commonly present in human milk, that significantly higher levels are present in milk from mothers of colicky infants, and that bovine IgG may possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of infant colic.

scholarly journals Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Mastitis Bovine Milk

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goksel Erbas ◽  
Ugur Parin ◽  
Suheyla Turkyilmaz ◽  
Nese Ucan ◽  
Mehmet Ozturk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Mastitic Milk

AbstractIn this study, determination of enterococcus species that were isolated from mastitic milk samples, investigation of their susceptibilities to antibiotics and identification of the existence of resistance genes in resistant strains were conducted. The specimens consist of 600 mastitic milk samples that were collected from 242 cows. Isolation of enterococcus was carried out in selective media and 94 (15.6%)Enterococcusspp. were isolated. A total of 94 species of Enterococci were identified using both sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Enterococcusspp. isolates belong to 5 different species (E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans, E. hirae, E. mundtii) in sequence analysis and 4 different species (E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans, E. hirae) were identify by PCR method with specific primers. Analyzing 94 enterococcus strains by antibiotic sensitiveness test a high rate of resistance to tetracycline in 77 (81.9%) isolates was shown. Thetetresistance genes were identified as follows: 54 weretetM positive, 23 weretetK positive and 17 were positive ontetM andtetK. Resistance to erythromycin was established in 27 (28.7%) isolates (25ermB) while the chloramphenicol resistance gene was found in 10 (10.7%) of isolates and thecatgene was identified in nine samples and one isolate was resistant to vancomycin (1.06%) with theVanA gene confirmed. In conclusion, it was shown thatE. faecalishas the biggest role inenterococcusoriginated mastitis and these strains were found to be mostly resistant to tetracycline. One vancomycine resistant isolate that had theVanA gene was also determined.

The High Rate Of Cow'S Milk Sensitization In Asian Children Is Associated With The Amount Of Cow'S Milk Ingestion

2012 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. AB172
Author(s):  
P. Vatanasurkitt ◽  
N. Saengsawang ◽  
N. Suratannon ◽  
N. Voraphani ◽  
P. Chatchatee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Milk Ingestion

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 947-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele C. Beuron ◽  
Cristina S. Cortinhas ◽  
Bruno G. Botaro ◽  
Susana N. Macedo ◽  
Juliano L. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Treatment Procedures

The objective of this study was to evaluate herd management practices and mastitis treatment procedures as risk factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial resistance. For this study, 13 herds were selected to participate in the study to evaluate the association between their management practices and mastitis treatment procedures and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 1069 composite milk samples were collected aseptically from the selected cows in four different periods over two years. The samples were used for microbiological culturing of S. aureus isolates and evaluation of their antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 756 samples (70.7%) were culture-positive, and S. aureus comprised 27.77% (n=210) of the isolates. The S. aureus isolates were tested using the disk-diffusion susceptibility assay with the following antimicrobials: ampicillin 10mg; clindamycin 2μg; penicillin 1mg; ceftiofur 30μg; gentamicin 10mg; sulfa-trimethoprim 25μg; enrofloxacin 5μg; sulfonamide 300μg; tetracycline 30μg; oxacillin 1mg; cephalothin 30μg and erythromycin 5μg. The variables that were significantly associated with S. aureus resistance were as follows: the treatment of clinical mastitis for ampicillin (OR=2.18), dry cow treatment for enrofloxacin (OR=2.11) and not sending milk samples for microbiological culture and susceptibility tests, for ampicillin (OR=2.57) and penicillin (OR=4.69). In conclusion, the identification of risk factors for S. aureus resistance against various mastitis antimicrobials is an important information that may help in practical recommendations for prudent use of antimicrobial in milk production.

Characterization of a bacteriocin-producing strain of Enterococcus faecalis from cow’s milk used in the production of Moroccan traditional dairy foods

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 997-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Choho ◽  
Hikmate Abriouel ◽  
Nabil Ben Omar ◽  
Rosario Lucas López ◽  
Elena Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Dairy Foods

scholarly journals Inactivation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by Pulsed Electric Fields

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 2833-2836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil J. Rowan ◽  
Scott J. MacGregor ◽  
John G. Anderson ◽  
Douglas Cameron ◽  
Owen Farish
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Pulsed Electric Fields ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
High Temperature Short Time ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Short Time

ABSTRACT The influence of treatment temperature and pulsed electric fields (PEF) on the viability of Mycobacterium paratuberculosiscells suspended in 0.1% (wt/vol) peptone water and in sterilized cow's milk was assessed by direct viable counts and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PEF treatment at 50°C (2,500 pulses at 30 kV/cm) reduced the level of viable M. paratuberculosis cells by approximately 5.3 and 5.9 log10 CFU/ml in 0.1% peptone water and in cow's milk, respectively, while PEF treatment of M. paratuberculosisat lower temperatures resulted in less lethality. Heating alone at 50°C for 25 min or at 72°C for 25 s (extended high-temperature, short-time pasteurization) resulted in reductions ofM. paratuberculosis of approximately 0.01 and 2.4 log10 CFU/ml, respectively. TEM studies revealed that exposure to PEF treatment resulted in substantial damage at the cellular level to M. paratuberculosis.

scholarly journals Practical application of the progesterone P4 rapid test in cow’s milk for early pregnancy detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blerta Mehmedi ◽  
Rreze M. Gecaj ◽  
Taulant Kastrati ◽  
Miklós Heltai ◽  
Luigj Turmalaj
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fertility Management

Pregnancy diagnosis is an essential part of fertility management in cattle. Early detection of pregnancy 21 days after artificial insemination (AI) allows for early recognition and rebreeding of non-pregnant animals with a minimum delay, which benefits the economic interest for farmers. Rapid progesterone P4 tests are widely used in fertility management strategies, yet there is limited data about the efficiency of tests for P4 measurements in cow’s milk. By measuring P4 concentrations in the milk of different breeds: Red Holstein, Black-Holstein, Simmental, and local crossbreeds, this study aimed to assess the practical application and efficiency of an early and rapid pregnancy detection test from cow’s milk. The study was conducted in 2017–2018 and milk samples were taken from animals at day 21 after artificial insemination (AI) to diagnose pregnancy. The test indicated that of the total cows (n=400) included in this study, 69% were pregnant and 31% were not pregnant, as interpreted based on the P4 Rapid (Ridgeway Science UK) test results. Accuracy of the early diagnosis was verified 60 days after AI (without further AI of cows) by rectal palpation. Based on this examination, 263 (66%) cows were diagnosed as pregnant, while 14 (34%) were diagnosed as non-pregnant. The highest accuracy in pregnancy detection was found in the local crossbreeds and the Simmental breed, with 97% correct diagnosis of cows, followed by Red Holstein with 94% and Black Holstein with an accuracy of 90%. This study showed that the use of progesterone P4 rapid tests in milk samples is an effective, fast and accurate method for the early detection of pregnancy in cows, with an accuracy rate of 90 to 97% based on cattle breed.

Longitudinal Analysis of the Microbiological Quality of Raw Cow's Milk Samples Collected from Three Small Family Dairy Farms in Mexico Over a 2-Year Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 2194-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANA RIOS-MUÑIZ ◽  
JORGE F. CERNA-CORTES ◽  
CATALINA LOPEZ-SAUCEDO ◽  
ERIKA ANGELES-MORALES ◽  
MIRIAM BOBADILLA-del VALLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Raw Cow’S Milk

ABSTRACT In Mexico, the total milk production that family dairy farms (FDF) contribute is ca. 35%, but this milk is not evaluated for microbiological quality. Forty percent of the milk and dairy products consumed by Mexicans is unpasteurized. In total, 24 raw cow's milk samples from three FDF (one sample per each season from each FDF for two sequent years) were characterized for the presence of food quality indicator organisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacterium spp., by standard procedures. Escherichia coli presence was also evaluated by a direct count method and diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) by molecular methods. On the basis of Mexican guidelines for raw milk entering production, 42% of samples exceeded the aerobic mesophilic bacteria limits. A total of 83% raw milk samples were positive for total coliforms, 54% for fecal coliforms, and 46% for E. coli. Forty-three E. coli isolates were selected and characterized for the presence of 11 DEC loci; of theses, 40 isolates were negative for all DEC loci, and 3 isolates, all collected from the same sample, were Shiga toxin 2 (stx2) positive and O157 antigen negative, and one stx2 isolate was resistant to 6 of the 16 antibiotics tested. None of the 24 raw milk samples were positive for Salmonella enterica, L. monocytogenes, or staphylococcal enterotoxin. S. aureus was isolated from nine samples, of which only three samples harbored resistant isolates. From three samples, four nontuberculous mycobacterial isolates were recovered (Mycobacteroides chelonae, Mycobacteroides porcinum, and two Mycobacteroides abscessus). All four isolates produced biofilm and had sliding motility, and three isolates (M. porcinum and two M. abscessus) were resistant to the two antibiotics tested (clarithromycin and linezolid). FDF provide raw milk to a large proportion of the Mexican population, but its consumption could be harmful to health, emphasizing the need to implement national microbiological quality guidelines for raw milk intended for direct human consumption. HIGHLIGHTS

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