Amelogenesis Imperfecta Prevalence in a Colombian Population: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizeth Paola Naranjo Jiménez ◽  
Myriam Adriana Muñoz Briceño ◽  
Ángela Suárez Castillo ◽  
Claudia Patricia Lamby Tovar ◽  
Sandra Janeth Gutierrez Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Magnitude Distribution ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Frequency Magnitude Distribution

Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary condition that affects the structure of tooth enamel and causes sensitivity, predisposition to cavities, and psychological problems. In Colombia, its frequency, magnitude, distribution, and behavior are unknown, so it is necessary to carry out prevalence studies to implement preventive actions. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of AI in patients who have attended the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana clinics in Bogotá. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was carried out, whose sample included 1,394 medical records of patients who attended between January 2015 and December 2017. Results: The prevalence of AI was 0.6 %, corresponding to 8 people affected, 4 men and 4 women between the ages of 9 and 10 years. The most frequent phenotype was hypoplastic in 7 patients (87.5 %) and one person had a hypocalcified phenotype (12.5 %). Taurodontism was the most frequent anomaly in the 8 patients (100 %). Seven of the eight patients (87.5 %) had a family history of AI. All the individuals had a lower-middle socioeconomic level and came from urban areas. Conclusions: This study is the first approximation to determine the prevalence of AI in a group of the Colombian population. Although the prevalence was low, it is comparable with the findings of other studies.

scholarly journals Community Knowledge and Behavior About COVID-19 and Their Attitude Toward Public Policies Implemented Against This Pandemic in the Northwest of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Salavati ◽  
Hamid Shokri ◽  
Asghar Tanomand ◽  
Maryam Shirvani ◽  
Ali Soleimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northwest Of Iran ◽  
High Risk Situation ◽  
And Behavior

Background: The awareness of people’s health knowledge and behavior on COVID-19 has helped guide education and health promotion policies, and examination of people’s opinions on governance measures against this disease will guide policymakers in making more decisions and responsiveness. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate people’s knowledge and behaviors toward COVID-19 and their views on adopted public policies against this disease in Maragheh, a city in the Northwest of Iran. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, analytical study that was done in urban areas of Maragheh from 13 November to 20 December 2020. The sample size was estimated at 672 participants, and the sampling method was stratified random. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire that consisted of four sections: demographic information, health behaviors, respondent’s knowledge of COVID-19, and their viewpoints on adopted public policies against this disease and was shared online. The one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression were used to analyze data with SPSS version 23. Results: The mean scores of people’s knowledge (6.42 ± 1.2) out of 9 and health behaviors (34.8 ± 3.9) of 36 were moderate. The majority of respondents had high levels of knowledge and also behavior about keeping the physical distance (98.5%) and proper handwashing (97.9%). Knowledge (β = 0.23) and male (β = -0.27) were the predictors of health behaviors (p < 0.001, F = 12.47). The investigation of myths on COVID-19 indicated that 17% and 41.1% of the respondents believed that alcohol consumption and using garlic and herbal drinks are effective in the prevention and 57.7% of them believed that holding the breath for 10 seconds is a sign of being healthy. People’s views on the COVID-19 control policies were assessed to be at the medium level (48.2 ± 7.5) of 65. The most effective policies against COVID-19 from the people’s opinions consisted of lockdown policies (96.4%), schools’ closure (95.9%), and constraints on intercity trips (91.3%). Conclusions: It seems necessary to strengthen measures on health knowledge promotion and implementation of health education interventions on protective behaviors of COVID-19 in such a way that right beliefs are replaced with wrong ones. Based on positive public opinions on Lockdown interventions, re-applying these policies is recommended to get the cities out of the high-risk situation.

scholarly journals Diabetes Burden in Urban and Rural Senegalese Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Seck ◽  
D. G. Dia ◽  
D. Doupa ◽  
A. Diop-Dia ◽  
I. Thiam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
History Of

Diabetes represents a challenging global health issue in the 21st century. Data from sub-Saharan African populations are scarce and are usually restricted to urban settings. The objective of this study was to compare prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in rural and urban areas in Senegal.Methods.In a community-based survey between January and May 2012, we included 1027 adults aged≥18 years living in northern Senegal. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data were collected during household visits. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with diabetes.Results.Mean age of participants was48.0±16.9years and 65.7% were female. Participants from urban area represented 55.7%. The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 7.6% (6.0% in men versus 9.0% in women). Prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban areas (8.1%) compared to rural areas (4.6%). Disease awareness rate was 43%. After multivariate analysis, age (OR = 1.63,p=0.001), familial history of diabetes (OR = 1.42,p=0.001), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.17,p=0.05) were associated with diabetes.Conclusion.Diabetes is frequent in urban and rural areas in Senegal. Awareness rate is very low among populations. Age, family history of diabetes, and abdominal obesity are the main risk factors identified.

scholarly journals Cataract and its risk factor among adults residing in South Bihar, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2618
Author(s):  
Shiwani Gupta ◽  
Animesh Gupta ◽  
M. Nehal ◽  
Kalyani Pandey ◽  
Ananta Kreesna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
History Of

Background: Cataract is considered as one of the most common causes of visual impairment and the leading cause of blindness in the world. Age related cataract occurs in people above 50 years of age and the its pathogenesis is multifactorial. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors for cataract.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted among adults residing at urban areas of South Bihar. The data was collected by interview method, using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire which contains socio-demographic data, dietary habits, history of diabetes or hypertension, family history of cataract and long-term sun exposure.Results: Among 240 participants, 94 (39.2%) were male and 146 (60.8%) were female. Maximum participants were aged more than 70 years. The prevalence of cataract was 52.1%.Conclusions: The prevalence of cataract was quite high and was significantly associated with age, long term sun exposure and family history of cataract.

scholarly journals Prevalence and characteristics of accidental perineal tears during childbirth in a communal medical center in Guinea-Conakry: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Oumou Hawa Bah ◽  
Boubacar Alpha Diallo ◽  
Aboubacar Fode Momo Soumah ◽  
Boubacar Siddi Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Perineal Tears ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Prevalence studies are still rare in sub-Saharan Africa on perineal tears. We conducted this cross-sectional study in a communal hospital in Guinea-Conakry, with the objective of this study was to determining the prevalence and characteristics of post-obstetric perineal lesions.Methods: All deliveries between March 1st and August 31st, 2014 were reviewed. We included in the analysis all the single deliveries with perineal tears. The Anglo-Saxon classification of perineal tears was used.Results: The prevalence of perineal tears was 5.7% with 5.4% benign lesions and 0.3% severe lesions. We did not register 4th degree lesions. The average age of parturient was 22 years. The majority (96.6%) of parturient had a history of genital mutilation and perineal scarring (60.3%).Conclusions: This prevalence appear low compared to those reported in other studies in Africa and point to the need for more sophisticated studies to have a better estimate of the prevalence of perineal tears in Guinea-Conakry.

scholarly journals Clinical and Investigation Profile of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephatitis (SSPE): An Analysis of Twenty Cases

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
NC Saha ◽  
N Sultana ◽  
MAH Mollah ◽  
L Yasmin ◽  
S Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

Objective: To identify common clinical features, sociodemographic characteristics and laboratory parameters of diagnosed cases of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis.Design: Cross sectional descriptive type of study.Setting: Department of Paediatrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital.Study period: January 2006 to December 2008.Subjects: Twenty clinically diagnosed patients of SSPE.Results: The mean age at presentation was 8 years. Male: Female ratio was 19:1. Most of the patients came from lower socio-economic group (70%). Forty five percent had history of primary measles infection and seventy percent were vaccinated against measles. Most common presenting features were fall to ground (95%), cognitive decline (85%), myoclonic seizures (80%), altered speech (70%), gait disturbance (60%), personality changes (55%), dysphagia (50%) and less commonly blindness (20%). EEG showed abnormal findings in 100% of patients who underwent this test. Measles specific IgG antibody in CSF was positive in 90% cases. Neuroimaging findings were abnormal in 43% cases.Conclusion: The diagnosis of SSPE should be considered in children presenting with deteriorating milestones of development especially cognition and behavior, fall to ground along with myoclonic jerks in an endemic country for measles infection. Investigations like CSF and serum antibody to measles virus and characteristic EEG changes may help further in the diagnosis. Key words: SSPE; Myoclonic jerks; Milestones regression; Measles antibody; EEG. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v17i2.6586J Dhaka Med Coll. 2008; 17(2) : 72-77

scholarly journals Attitude and Behaviors towards SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study from Poland

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Bartosz Szmyd ◽  
Filip Franciszek Karuga ◽  
Adrian Bartoszek ◽  
Katarzyna Staniecka ◽  
Natalia Siwecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

Healthcare workers are particularly exposed to biological risk during their daily occupational activities. Nowadays, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become one of the most widespread infectious agents. In the current study, we performed a survey on the attitude and behavior of Polish healthcare workers (HCW), which comprise physicians (MD) and administrative healthcare assistants (HA) towards the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Our study involved 2300 subjects (42.17% female; 10.96% MD; 5.87% HA). The evaluation was conducted using a Google Forms survey based on original questions and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale—21 Items questionnaire. HCW significantly more often demonstrated their willingness to get vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the control group (82.95% vs. 54.31%, respectively). The main concern, as regards all groups, was the development of long-term side effects after getting COVID-19 vaccine. The study revealed that depression significantly affects the willingness to get vaccinated. The readiness was significantly strengthened by positive medical history of recommended vaccinations, fear of catching COVID-19, as well as fear of passing on the disease to the relatives. Overall, the percentage of HCW, who want to be vaccinated against COVID-19 remains unsatisfactory. Further works exploring this subject are needed to take a step closer to achieving the herd immunity in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals El aborto previo como factor de riesgo de parto pretérmino en gestantes del Hospital Básico Jipijapa

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Dadier Marrero González ◽  
Silvana Lisbeth Álava Bermúdez ◽  
Karla Zuleyka Lange García
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Perinatal Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of

  El parto pretérmino es un problema de salud a nivel mundial. En la medicina perinatal continúa siendo una de las complicaciones más frecuentes, de ahí que la mayor parte de las muertes neonatales ocurren en nacidos prematuros. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre el aborto previo como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de parto pretérmino en gestantes ingresadas en al área de emergencias y hospitalización del Hospital Básico Jipijapa. Este trabajo se desarrolló como una investigación cualicuantitativa, retrospectiva, descriptiva y transversal. Las características sociodemográficas de las pacientes con antecedentes de abortos previos y parto pretérmino mostraron que las menores de 18 años, casadas, residentes en zonas urbanas y con nivel de instrucción secundaria fueron la mayoría. Se determinó que el aborto previo predominante fue espontáneo, de dos o tres. La edad gestacional del aborto fue menor a 12 semanas, el tiempo entre la ocurrencia del aborto y el embarazo que culminó en un parto pretérmino fue de 6 meses y la complicación del aborto más presentada fue el aborto séptico. La edad gestacional y el peso al nacer de los pretérminos que tuvieron antecedentes maternos de aborto previo, en su mayoría fue mayor a 32 semanas y con un peso superior a los 2 500 gramos.   Palabras clave: Aborto previo, factor de riesgo, parto pretérmino.   Abstract Preterm birth is a global health problem. In perinatal medicine, it continues to be one of the most frequent complications, hence the majority of neonatal deaths occur in premature births. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between previous abortion as a risk factor for the development of preterm birth in pregnant women admitted to the emergency area and hospitalization of the Jipijapa Basic Hospital. This work was developed as a qualitative-quantitative, retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional investigation. The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients with a history of previous abortions and preterm delivery showed that those under 18 years of age, married, living in urban areas and with a secondary education level were the majority. It was determined that the predominant previous abortion was spontaneous, of two or three. The gestational age of the abortion was less than 12 weeks, the time between the occurrence of the abortion and the pregnancy that culminated in preterm delivery was 6 months, and the most common complication of the abortion was septic abortion. The gestational age and birth weight of the preterm who had a maternal history of previous abortion, were mostly greater than 32 weeks and with a weight greater than 2 500 grams.   Keywords: Previous abortion, risk factor, preterm delivery.

scholarly journals Mosquito borne diseases related knowledge, practice and behavior of people in rural and peri-urban areas of Eastern Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
V K Khanal ◽  
P Pyakurel ◽  
S Uprety ◽  
R B Rayamajhi ◽  
P P Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Practices ◽  
The People ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Mosquito borne diseases are major health problems in rural areas even after implementation of national Vector Borne Disease Control Programme in Nepal. The information on mosquito borne diseases related knowledge, practices and behavior of the people of rural and peri-urban areas of Nepal living in endemic areas are essential to develop behavioral change communication messages and for producing policy to prevent and control mosquito borne disease in the country. Objective: To assess knowledge, practices and behavior of the people living in rural and peri-urban areas regarding mosquito borne diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 413 households was conducted from 10th March - 10th April, 2013 in Inaruwa municipality and Duhabi village of Sunsari District. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire were administered by face to face interview for data collection. Results: Ninety four percent responded, malaria was caused by mosquito but only 21% responded as dengue and Japanese encephalitis was caused by mosquito. Malaria and filariasis were considered fatal disease by 40%; however 20% had no idea about Japanese encephalitis and dengue. More than 70% respondent had perception that mosquito bites at night only. Although use of bed-net was found to be higher; only 2% had knowledge on insecticide impregnated bed-nets. 31% of respondents didn’t take medication during anti-filarial campaign supplied by government mainly due to side effects. It was observed that 61% respondents were unaware about the routine JE vaccination by Nepal government.Conclusion: Health education must be taken into account for communities in endemic areas to create awareness regarding prevention from mosquito borne diseases.Health Renaissance 2014;12(2): pp: 92-98

scholarly journals An An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Erbil governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan Region in 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (08) ◽  
pp. 600-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qasim B. Abdulla ◽  
Nazar P. Shabila ◽  
Tariq S. Al-Hadithi
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Displaced People

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with the occurrence of an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Erbil governorate and to determine the geographical distribution and clinical pattern of the disease during this outbreak. Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved 234 cutaneous leishmaniasis cases from Erbil governorate. A questionnaire completed in an interview provided data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, risk factors, and preventive measures. Results: About 60% of participants were younger than 35 years; 59.4% were living in urban areas. Most cases (40.2%) were from Maxmur district, while 20.9% were internally displaced persons and 7.7% were refugees. Nearly 70% of the cases had a low socioeconomic status. Cases with multiple lesions constituted 65.5%. Upper limb lesions constituted 44.7%. Most lesions were 1-5 cm in size (64.7%) and were wet (63.6%). Nearly three-quarters of the cases had a history of traveling to endemic areas; most (49.7%) to Maxmur district. Around 80% reported fogging around the houses and 44.4% in the working area. The peak incidence of the cutaneous leishmaniasis cases was in December, with a total of 115 cases. Conclusions: Cutaneous leishmaniasis was not endemic in Erbil governorate, but it became a public health challenge in 2015. Most of the cases were reported in Maxmur district and among internally displaced people and military personnel deployed there. Control and prevention activities, including fogging and spraying, face important challenges and need strengthening, especially in Maxmur district.

scholarly journals People’s perception and behaviour towards reuse of wastewater in Dhulikhel, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Padam Kanta Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
Allowable Error ◽  
Peripheral Site ◽  
And Behavior

Wastewater may be chemically polluted and / or biologically contaminated. Haphazard disposal of untreated from households as well as institutions and industry is causing severe deterioration of water bodies in many urban areas in the developing world. Most cities do not have adequate systems for the collection and treatment of and this is usually not considered to be a priority for investment. Wastewater treatment and its proper utilization is one of the main targets of the latest context. The main objective of the study was to assess the perception and behavior of the farmer towards use of treated water, in their farmlands, from the Dhulikhel Hospital wastewater treatment plant. This was a cross sectional descriptive study. The people residing on the peripheral site of the treatment plant were purposively taken as the sample population. Considering the confounding and allowable error, the sample size was calculated by using the formula n = Z2PQ/E2. In order to gather the information, semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview the total 107 respondents. The collected data were coded and entered in EPI-Info, edited in excel and analyzed in SPSS software version 16. Three villages (Chaukot, Kharpur and Vendole) of the Dhulikhel Municipality were selected purposively for the study. Among 107 respondents, 47.6% were from the Chaukot, 35.50% from Kharpur and 16.80% from Vendole. The mean age of the respondents was 44 years. Among the respondent 27% were literate and 73% illiterate. Most of the respondents were Hindu. Along with the water from the treatment plant other sources such as supply line (92.5%), ponds (6.5%) were used by the respondents and remaining 1% purchases it. People’s perception regarding the reuse of water was not found satisfactory as they consider that the water from treatment plant was detrimental to health and also believe that it decreases the agricultural production. Skin disease and typhoid fever were the most prevalent water related problem faced by the respondents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10524 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 137-142

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