scholarly journals People’s perception and behaviour towards reuse of wastewater in Dhulikhel, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Padam Kanta Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
Allowable Error ◽  
Peripheral Site ◽  
And Behavior

Wastewater may be chemically polluted and / or biologically contaminated. Haphazard disposal of untreated from households as well as institutions and industry is causing severe deterioration of water bodies in many urban areas in the developing world. Most cities do not have adequate systems for the collection and treatment of and this is usually not considered to be a priority for investment. Wastewater treatment and its proper utilization is one of the main targets of the latest context. The main objective of the study was to assess the perception and behavior of the farmer towards use of treated water, in their farmlands, from the Dhulikhel Hospital wastewater treatment plant. This was a cross sectional descriptive study. The people residing on the peripheral site of the treatment plant were purposively taken as the sample population. Considering the confounding and allowable error, the sample size was calculated by using the formula n = Z2PQ/E2. In order to gather the information, semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview the total 107 respondents. The collected data were coded and entered in EPI-Info, edited in excel and analyzed in SPSS software version 16. Three villages (Chaukot, Kharpur and Vendole) of the Dhulikhel Municipality were selected purposively for the study. Among 107 respondents, 47.6% were from the Chaukot, 35.50% from Kharpur and 16.80% from Vendole. The mean age of the respondents was 44 years. Among the respondent 27% were literate and 73% illiterate. Most of the respondents were Hindu. Along with the water from the treatment plant other sources such as supply line (92.5%), ponds (6.5%) were used by the respondents and remaining 1% purchases it. People’s perception regarding the reuse of water was not found satisfactory as they consider that the water from treatment plant was detrimental to health and also believe that it decreases the agricultural production. Skin disease and typhoid fever were the most prevalent water related problem faced by the respondents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10524 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 137-142

scholarly journals Mosquito borne diseases related knowledge, practice and behavior of people in rural and peri-urban areas of Eastern Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
V K Khanal ◽  
P Pyakurel ◽  
S Uprety ◽  
R B Rayamajhi ◽  
P P Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Practices ◽  
The People ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Mosquito borne diseases are major health problems in rural areas even after implementation of national Vector Borne Disease Control Programme in Nepal. The information on mosquito borne diseases related knowledge, practices and behavior of the people of rural and peri-urban areas of Nepal living in endemic areas are essential to develop behavioral change communication messages and for producing policy to prevent and control mosquito borne disease in the country. Objective: To assess knowledge, practices and behavior of the people living in rural and peri-urban areas regarding mosquito borne diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 413 households was conducted from 10th March - 10th April, 2013 in Inaruwa municipality and Duhabi village of Sunsari District. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire were administered by face to face interview for data collection. Results: Ninety four percent responded, malaria was caused by mosquito but only 21% responded as dengue and Japanese encephalitis was caused by mosquito. Malaria and filariasis were considered fatal disease by 40%; however 20% had no idea about Japanese encephalitis and dengue. More than 70% respondent had perception that mosquito bites at night only. Although use of bed-net was found to be higher; only 2% had knowledge on insecticide impregnated bed-nets. 31% of respondents didn’t take medication during anti-filarial campaign supplied by government mainly due to side effects. It was observed that 61% respondents were unaware about the routine JE vaccination by Nepal government.Conclusion: Health education must be taken into account for communities in endemic areas to create awareness regarding prevention from mosquito borne diseases.Health Renaissance 2014;12(2): pp: 92-98

Amelogenesis Imperfecta Prevalence in a Colombian Population: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizeth Paola Naranjo Jiménez ◽  
Myriam Adriana Muñoz Briceño ◽  
Ángela Suárez Castillo ◽  
Claudia Patricia Lamby Tovar ◽  
Sandra Janeth Gutierrez Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Magnitude Distribution ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Frequency Magnitude Distribution

Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary condition that affects the structure of tooth enamel and causes sensitivity, predisposition to cavities, and psychological problems. In Colombia, its frequency, magnitude, distribution, and behavior are unknown, so it is necessary to carry out prevalence studies to implement preventive actions. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of AI in patients who have attended the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana clinics in Bogotá. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was carried out, whose sample included 1,394 medical records of patients who attended between January 2015 and December 2017. Results: The prevalence of AI was 0.6 %, corresponding to 8 people affected, 4 men and 4 women between the ages of 9 and 10 years. The most frequent phenotype was hypoplastic in 7 patients (87.5 %) and one person had a hypocalcified phenotype (12.5 %). Taurodontism was the most frequent anomaly in the 8 patients (100 %). Seven of the eight patients (87.5 %) had a family history of AI. All the individuals had a lower-middle socioeconomic level and came from urban areas. Conclusions: This study is the first approximation to determine the prevalence of AI in a group of the Colombian population. Although the prevalence was low, it is comparable with the findings of other studies.

scholarly journals Community Knowledge and Behavior About COVID-19 and Their Attitude Toward Public Policies Implemented Against This Pandemic in the Northwest of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Salavati ◽  
Hamid Shokri ◽  
Asghar Tanomand ◽  
Maryam Shirvani ◽  
Ali Soleimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northwest Of Iran ◽  
High Risk Situation ◽  
And Behavior

Background: The awareness of people’s health knowledge and behavior on COVID-19 has helped guide education and health promotion policies, and examination of people’s opinions on governance measures against this disease will guide policymakers in making more decisions and responsiveness. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate people’s knowledge and behaviors toward COVID-19 and their views on adopted public policies against this disease in Maragheh, a city in the Northwest of Iran. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, analytical study that was done in urban areas of Maragheh from 13 November to 20 December 2020. The sample size was estimated at 672 participants, and the sampling method was stratified random. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire that consisted of four sections: demographic information, health behaviors, respondent’s knowledge of COVID-19, and their viewpoints on adopted public policies against this disease and was shared online. The one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression were used to analyze data with SPSS version 23. Results: The mean scores of people’s knowledge (6.42 ± 1.2) out of 9 and health behaviors (34.8 ± 3.9) of 36 were moderate. The majority of respondents had high levels of knowledge and also behavior about keeping the physical distance (98.5%) and proper handwashing (97.9%). Knowledge (β = 0.23) and male (β = -0.27) were the predictors of health behaviors (p < 0.001, F = 12.47). The investigation of myths on COVID-19 indicated that 17% and 41.1% of the respondents believed that alcohol consumption and using garlic and herbal drinks are effective in the prevention and 57.7% of them believed that holding the breath for 10 seconds is a sign of being healthy. People’s views on the COVID-19 control policies were assessed to be at the medium level (48.2 ± 7.5) of 65. The most effective policies against COVID-19 from the people’s opinions consisted of lockdown policies (96.4%), schools’ closure (95.9%), and constraints on intercity trips (91.3%). Conclusions: It seems necessary to strengthen measures on health knowledge promotion and implementation of health education interventions on protective behaviors of COVID-19 in such a way that right beliefs are replaced with wrong ones. Based on positive public opinions on Lockdown interventions, re-applying these policies is recommended to get the cities out of the high-risk situation.

scholarly journals Water And Other Drinks Consumption Evaluation In Kuwait

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasem M. Alhumoud ◽  
Jaber Al-Medij
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
The People ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Classes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The problem of securing and gaining reliable water supplies has been an issue of great importance to the people of Kuwait, ever since the earliest days of settlement in the region. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the Kuwaitis' attitudes concerning water and other drinks consumption. A simple, yet structured questionnaire, which provides the data base for the study was designed, presented, and employed in a person-survey of a random sample of 2,500 individuals residing in the six governorates of Kuwait. The frequency distribution of the type of water (tap, filter and/or bottled), number of classes of water, number of classes of other drinks, and other socio-economic characteristics of the sample population are presented. Results show that although an overwhelming majority of Kuwaitis know that drinking water is health enhancing, most do not drink as much per day as they should. Results also show that people in Kuwait consume a lot of dehydrating drinks. More importantly, this research establishes a baseline of information about public opinion, knowledge, and behavior regarding drinking water and other drinks, so that the impact of public education programs, in particular, may be assessed and measured in the future.

scholarly journals Protection of River Sitnica From Urban Wastewaters

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Besime Sh. Kajtazi ◽  
Tania Floqi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Main River ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Water Strategy ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater treatment is a growing problem in Kosovo. Pollution from urban wastewaters poses the greatest pressure on Kosovo rivers and their better management represents an important area of improving their ecological status. Kosovo is lacking behind in terms of achieving certain goals and implementing European Environmental Directives, especially the Water Framework Directive and Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive. The lack of wastewater treatment prior to their discharges into receiving waters presents a gap in the water sector which needs to be addressed in order to meet European standards. Kosovo, as a country with a European perspective, must approach this issue as soon as possible. According to the reports of water utilities companies, the level of sewerage services in the country is 65% while the level of wastewater treatment is 0.7% [3]. The National Water Strategy [1] aims at protecting water resources through treating wastewater before returning to the nature. According to this strategy, a number of wastewater treatment plants and accompanying infrastructure for main cities should be build. River Sitnica is main river stretching in Kosovo valley, where main urban areas are located including capital Prishtina. With aim of protection the quality of river Sitnica, a study for collection of sewage and wastewater treatment plant for capital Prishtina was prepared and its findings will be presented in this article.

scholarly journals Carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in wastewater treatment plant workers and surrounding residents - The AWARE Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daloha Rodriguez-Molina ◽  
Fanny Berglund ◽  
Hetty Blaak ◽  
Marcela Popa ◽  
Carl-Fredrik Flach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Close Proximity

Purpose. To investigate whether wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers and residents living in close proximity to a WWTP have elevated carriage rates of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales, as compared to the general population. Methods. From 2018 to 2020, we carried out a cross-sectional study in Germany, the Netherlands, and Romania among WWTP workers (N=344), nearby residents (living ≤ 300 meters away from WWTPs; N=431) and distant residents (living ≥ 1000 meters away = reference group; N=1165). We collected information on potential confounders via questionnaire. Culture of participants' stool samples was performed with ChromID®-ESBL agar plates and species identification with MALDI-TOF-MS. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for carrying ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL- EC). Sensitivity analyses included stratification by country and interaction models using country as secondary exposure. Results. Prevalence of ESBL-EC was 11% (workers), 29% (nearby residents), and 7% (distant residents), and higher in Romania (28%) than in Germany (7%) and the Netherlands (6%). Models stratified by country showed that within the Romanian population, WWTP workers are about twice as likely (aOR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.22-4.5) and nearby residents about three times as likely (aOR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.8-5.59) to be ESBL-EC carriers, when compared with distant residents. Conclusions. In stratified analyses by country, we found an increased risk for carriage of ESBL-EC in Romanian workers and nearby residents. This effect was higher for nearby residents than for workers, which suggests that, for nearby residents, factors other than the local WWTP could contribute to the increased carriage.

scholarly journals Combined use of LS-PIV and CFD for the characterization of turbulent flow in the contact chamber of ‘COSTA AZUL’ wastewater treatment plant, Carlos Paz

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragessi I. Matias ◽  
Leyria Rainieri Gianina ◽  
Ganancias Facundo ◽  
García C. Marcelo ◽  
Di Buo Melina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Monitoring

Abstract The Costa Azul wastewater treatment plant is situated in Carlos Paz city (Córdoba, Argentina). The treated water is discharged to the San Roque reservoir, which is the source of water for the city of Córdoba and surrounding towns. Consequently, it is of great importance to evaluate the potential impact on the water quality reservoir for the preservation of public health. Currently, the WWTP lacks an accurate flow monitoring system at the last treatment: disinfection. This problem led to the development of a methodology in which experimental in-situ work and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were applied, in a combined way, to calibrate the flow measurement system. First, Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LS-PIV) was applied. The results made it possible to obtain characteristic parameters of the average flow: cross-sectional velocity profiles, recirculation and flow stagnation zones, flow discharge and characteristic parameters of the contact chamber. Second, numerical models, based on the Reynolds-average Navier–Stokes equations with the k–ε turbulent closure model were used. Based on the simulations results, it was possible to calibrate the discharge equation for a rectangular weir, and elaborate recommendations to improve the discharge measurement system and hydraulics in the area of the contact chamber curves.

Monitoring, isolation and characterization of Microthrix parvicella strains from a Chinese wastewater treatment plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1406-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niansi Fan ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Simona Rossetti ◽  
Caterina Levantesi ◽  
Rong Qi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Filamentous Bacterium ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Microthrix Parvicella ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Microthrix parvicella is a filamentous bacterium that frequently causes severe bulking events in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) worldwide. In this study, sludge properties and dynamics of filamentous bacteria in a Beijing WWTP seasonally suffering from M. parvicella bulking were continuously monitored over a duration of 15 months, and the correlations between M. parvicella and operating parameters were evaluated. The predominance of M. parvicella was observed at low temperatures (14–18.8 °C) with the relative abundance of around 30% (estimated by both qPCR and FISH analysis). Using micromanipulation technology, 545 filaments of M. parvicella were micromanipulated from bulking sludge (SVI &gt; 180 mL g−1) on six different media. After 3-month purification and enrichment, six strains, phylogenetically closely related to Candidatus Microthrix parvicella, were successfully acquired on R2A medium (20 °C) in pure cultures. Considering the limitation and extremely slow growth rate of M. parvicella filaments, newly isolated strains represent valuable sources for further investigations on the physiology and behavior of this filamentous bacterium, with the focus on the establishment of bulking control strategy.

scholarly journals Relationship between Characteristic and Behavior of Mothers on Immunization Complience in Wonokusumo Surabaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Alfiyan Dharma Yuda ◽  
Ira Nurmala
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
The People ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Target Set ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACTPosyandu is one form of activity or health efforts Community Based (UKBM) which is managed and hosted from, by, for and with the community. Immunization services are part of the prevention and termination of the transmission chain. Indicators used to assess the success of the immunization program is the number of UCI (Universal Child Immunization). Results of immunization coverage is 95.6% and the target of 90% so that it can be said that it has exceeded the target set. The study design was cross-sectional. Data collection techniques with primary data obtained from questionnaires and conduct meta plan to determine the root cause. There are 78 samples. The study was conducted in RW 15 Sub Wonokusumo. The statistical test result is there is a relationship of knowledge, attitudes, and actions of mothers with immunization compliance or there is a statistically significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes, actions mothers with immunization compliance. Suggestions from this study are those wonokusumo health center is expected to provide training to the community and Posyandu cadre of knowledge, attitudes and actions toward immunization and immunization compliance while for the people of RW 15 Sub Wonokusumo expected to be more active and to participate in efforts to implement further research imunisasi.Bagi is expected to more closely examine the analysis of any relationship that may affect compliance with immunization Keywords: knowledge, attitudes, actions, compliance immunization

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