An An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Erbil governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan Region in 2015

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with the occurrence of an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Erbil governorate and to determine the geographical distribution and clinical pattern of the disease during this outbreak. Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved 234 cutaneous leishmaniasis cases from Erbil governorate. A questionnaire completed in an interview provided data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, risk factors, and preventive measures. Results: About 60% of participants were younger than 35 years; 59.4% were living in urban areas. Most cases (40.2%) were from Maxmur district, while 20.9% were internally displaced persons and 7.7% were refugees. Nearly 70% of the cases had a low socioeconomic status. Cases with multiple lesions constituted 65.5%. Upper limb lesions constituted 44.7%. Most lesions were 1-5 cm in size (64.7%) and were wet (63.6%). Nearly three-quarters of the cases had a history of traveling to endemic areas; most (49.7%) to Maxmur district. Around 80% reported fogging around the houses and 44.4% in the working area. The peak incidence of the cutaneous leishmaniasis cases was in December, with a total of 115 cases. Conclusions: Cutaneous leishmaniasis was not endemic in Erbil governorate, but it became a public health challenge in 2015. Most of the cases were reported in Maxmur district and among internally displaced people and military personnel deployed there. Control and prevention activities, including fogging and spraying, face important challenges and need strengthening, especially in Maxmur district.

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Diabetes Burden in Urban and Rural Senegalese Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2012

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2015/163641 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. M. Seck ◽

D. G. Dia ◽

D. Doupa ◽

A. Diop-Dia ◽

I. Thiam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Biological Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

History Of

Diabetes represents a challenging global health issue in the 21st century. Data from sub-Saharan African populations are scarce and are usually restricted to urban settings. The objective of this study was to compare prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in rural and urban areas in Senegal.Methods.In a community-based survey between January and May 2012, we included 1027 adults aged≥18 years living in northern Senegal. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data were collected during household visits. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with diabetes.Results.Mean age of participants was48.0±16.9years and 65.7% were female. Participants from urban area represented 55.7%. The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 7.6% (6.0% in men versus 9.0% in women). Prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban areas (8.1%) compared to rural areas (4.6%). Disease awareness rate was 43%. After multivariate analysis, age (OR = 1.63,p=0.001), familial history of diabetes (OR = 1.42,p=0.001), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.17,p=0.05) were associated with diabetes.Conclusion.Diabetes is frequent in urban and rural areas in Senegal. Awareness rate is very low among populations. Age, family history of diabetes, and abdominal obesity are the main risk factors identified.

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Prevalence of falls in elderly in Brazil: a countrywide analysis

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2011000900015 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (9) ◽

pp. 1819-1826 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Fernando Vinholes Siqueira ◽

Luiz Augusto Facchini ◽

Denise Silva da Silveira ◽

Roberto Xavier Piccini ◽

Elaine Tomasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Female Gender ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

The North ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Falls In Elderly

We conducted a cross-sectional study of a sample of 6,616 elderly living in urban areas of 100 municipalities in 23 Brazilian states, who responded to questions on the occurrence of falls in the 12 months prior to the interview, and occurrence of fractures due to the falls. The prevalence of falls among the elderly was 27.6% (95%CI: 26.5-28.7). Among those reporting falls, 11% had suffered fractures as a result. Of the elderly, 36% had received guidance about the precautions necessary to prevent falls, and about 1% had required surgery. Falls were associated with female gender, older age, low socioeconomic status, obesity and sedentary lifestyles. The prevalence of falls differed significantly between the North and other regions of Brazil. The study shows a high prevalence of falls, and underlines the need for preventive strategies targeting modifiable risk factors.

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Cataract and its risk factor among adults residing in South Bihar, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20202905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 2618

Author(s):

Shiwani Gupta ◽

Animesh Gupta ◽

M. Nehal ◽

Kalyani Pandey ◽

Ananta Kreesna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

History Of

Background: Cataract is considered as one of the most common causes of visual impairment and the leading cause of blindness in the world. Age related cataract occurs in people above 50 years of age and the its pathogenesis is multifactorial. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors for cataract.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted among adults residing at urban areas of South Bihar. The data was collected by interview method, using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire which contains socio-demographic data, dietary habits, history of diabetes or hypertension, family history of cataract and long-term sun exposure.Results: Among 240 participants, 94 (39.2%) were male and 146 (60.8%) were female. Maximum participants were aged more than 70 years. The prevalence of cataract was 52.1%.Conclusions: The prevalence of cataract was quite high and was significantly associated with age, long term sun exposure and family history of cataract.

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Prevalence, detection and associations of depression in Australian dialysis patients

Australasian Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1039856219859281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 444-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elaine Kwan ◽

Brian Draper ◽

Samuel B Harvey ◽

Zoltan H Endre ◽

Mark A Brown

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Linguistically Diverse ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dialysis Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

History Of Depression

Objective:Depression in dialysis patients is often undetected despite associations with poor outcomes. The aim was to determine the prevalence and associations of depressive symptoms and physician recognition of depression within a typical Australian dialysis population.Method:A cross-sectional study examined haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients of two hospitals in Sydney. Participants were screened for depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Results:One hundred and ten patients completed the HADS. Subjects had a mean age of 63.7 years, 37% from a culturally and linguistically diverse background, and median dialysis duration of 2 years. Forty-one per cent of participants had significant depressive symptoms, of whom 42% had been diagnosed with depression by their clinicians. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, having >10 medications prescribed, >3 hospitalisations in the last 12 months, and a history of depression were associated with depression.Conclusion:Depressive symptoms are prevalent in Australian dialysis patients. Robust evidence is needed on the effectiveness of treatments for depression in changing outcomes in chronic kidney disease.

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Assessment of glycaemic control among self-reported cases of diabetes: an observation of a PPP model project

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180237 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 611

Author(s):

Jagruti Prajapati ◽

Jaydip Oza ◽

B. B. Patel ◽

Sunil R. Avashia

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Economic Status ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Partnership Model ◽

Sociodemographic Determinants ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Diabetes Outcome

Background: Sociodemographic determinants of diabetes such as age, sex and socioeconomic status play a major role in diabetes outcome. It was necessary to design a research project to address this. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of diabetes and its sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, residential area, economic status and a level of education in the project districts. Methods: The cross sectional study was carried out in the project districts named Ahmedabad, Dahod and Valsad. Urban, rural and tribal population are above 30 years of age from different districts were covered to collect data on socio economic back ground and status of diabetes. Random blood sugar was measured by glucometer and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) by the HbA1c analyzer. Results: Proportion of male and female participants were near to equal. Percentage of self reported cases of diabetes (including controlled and uncontrolled) was 14.07% in urban areas while it was 5.24% in rural areas. Pre diabetes detection rate was more in rural area. During screening 11.83% of pre diabetes cases were identified. Difference between controlled and uncontrolled diabetes among illiterate and literate groups was statistically not significant. Conclusions: This preliminary observational study included more than 51000 participants visiting primary and community health centres from three districts of Gujarat. The public private partnership model helped in systematic approach towards screening and data collection. The study reported prediabetes cases higher than global prevalence. More controlled studies are required to define the mandatory screening protocol in resource constrained settings.

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HIV and risk behaviors of persons of low socio-economic status, Popayan-Colombia (2008-2009)

Colombia Medica ◽

10.25100/cm.v44i1.932 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 7-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Héctor Fabio Mueses ◽

María Viriginia Pinzón ◽

Inés Constanza Tello ◽

Hernán G Rincón-Hoyos ◽

Jaime Galindo

Keyword(s):

Risk Behaviors ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Risky Alcohol ◽

Hiv Test ◽

History Of

Objective: To determine HIV presence and risk behaviors of persons of low socio-economic status in the city of Popayan, Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional study; between 2008 and 2009, 363 participants of Popayan signed informed consent and received pre and post HIV test counseling. Socio-demographic characteristics and history of STDs, risk behaviors and previous HIV testing were assessed. Descriptive statistics, correlations and multivariate logistic regression were calculated. Results: Mean age 33.5±10.2; 66.0% women. Frequency of HIV positive patients was 3.86% (95% CI: 1.87-5.85), greater in men (7.38%; p= 0.013). Greater frequency of HIV-positive patients was observed in people age 29-37, those without a stable partner, and those with history of risky alcohol consumption (more than five drinks in 2 hrs). Conclusions: HIV-positive patients frequency in this population was greater than national estimate for general population, aged 15-49 in Colombia, with even greater frequency in men. This study suggests that characteristics associated with low socioeconomic status, in economically active population, without a stable partner and with risky alcohol use, can potentially increase risk of HIV infection

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The impact of displacement on the social, economic and health situation on a sample of internally displaced families in Anbar Province, Iraq

Journal of Ideas in Health ◽

10.47108/jidhealth.vol2.iss1.16 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 56-59

Author(s):

Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo ◽

Yaseen Taha Sarhan ◽

Mustafa Ali Mustafa Al-Samarrai ◽

Mahasin Ali Al-Taha ◽

Ban Nadhum AL- Any ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Public Health Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Displaced People ◽

The Impact

Background: Internally displaced people in Iraq are still suffering because the solutions were not radical. This study aims to assess the impact of displacement on the socio-economic, well-being and mental health status of internally displaced families in Anbar province, Iraq. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 3rd to 17th April 2017. Data was collected using a universal sampling technique. A total of 355 households interviewed with a modified questionnaire consisting of 26 close-ended questions related to the socio-economic, demographic, wellbeing and the mental health characteristics. Results: At the time of the study, about 55.5% of the surveyed displaced families have not returned home yet. Big families of more than seven members (59.4%) and residency in renting houses (82.8%) are two variables that may contribute to an economic burden. Mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety spread among 62.3% of surveyed families. Significant rise in chronic diseases from 64 (18.0%) cases before displacement to 102 cases (28.7%) after displacement. Few of them (21.6%) were able to access public health services. People who experienced violence are verbally abused at 52.1%. Lack of the services (50.3%), the inability to repair the destroyed houses (26.4%) and the loss of house due to complete destruction (23.3%) were the significant factors inhibited families to return home back. Conclusion: Our findings indicate the need for urgent and strategic plans to improve the quality of logistics, health and infrastructure services to motivate the displaced families to return back to their homes.

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A-105 Post-Concussive Symptom Endorsement and Symptom Attribution Following Remote Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Combat-Exposed Veterans

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa068.105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 898-898

Author(s):

Merritt V ◽

Jurick S ◽

Sakamoto M ◽

Crocker L ◽

Sullan M ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychiatric Distress ◽

History Of ◽

Symptom Attribution

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to examine rates of “post-concussive” symptom endorsement and symptom attribution in Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We also explored the relationship between symptom endorsement and symptom attribution and assessed correlates of each. Method This cross-sectional study included 48 combat-exposed Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans with remote history of mTBI. All Veterans completed clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires assessing sociodemographic factors, injury and combat-related variables, psychiatric distress, self-efficacy, and coping style. To assess symptom endorsement and symptom attribution, a modified version of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory was administered. Results Results showed that the most commonly endorsed “post-concussive” symptoms were several non-specific symptoms, and the symptoms most frequently attributed to mTBI included forgetfulness, poor concentration, and headaches. Furthermore, although there were some overlapping correlates of both symptom endorsement and symptom attribution, unique variables were associated with each domain. Specifically, symptom endorsement was uniquely associated with measures of psychiatric distress, while symptom attribution was uniquely associated with having a history of loss of consciousness and a greater degree of combat exposure. Conclusions Taken together, results suggest that endorsement of symptoms may be significantly impacted by the presence of mental health comorbidities, but that perceptions or beliefs as to why symptoms are occurring are related more to mTBI and combat-related characteristics. Findings offer potential avenues for therapeutic intervention, emphasize the importance of psychoeducation, and highlight the need to consider using alternate terminology for these symptoms that promotes recovery and minimizes misattribution of symptoms.

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Epidemiological, Clinical and Paraclinical Study of the Reported Cases of Tuberculosis in Qaemshahr (2010-2017)

Tabari Biomedical Student Research Journal ◽

10.18502/tbsrj.v2i1.2581 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Farhang Babamahmoudi ◽

Alireza Razavi ◽

Amirhossein Hessami ◽

Foroogh Heydari ◽

Mohsen Hosseinzadegan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Underlying Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Life Threatening ◽

History Of ◽

Demographical Data

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic, life-threatening, and contagious infectious. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical findings of TB in Qaemshahr.Material and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we investigated all patients with TB who had registered and existing data from 2010 to 2017. Demographical data, clinical and paraclinical characteristics including family history of disease, disease type (pulmonary and extrapulmonary), smear and culture results, underlying disease, chest X-ray results were extracted from records. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 22.Results: Out of 290 patients, 61.4% were male (178 cases), and 38.6% (112 cases) were female. The mean age was 21.75 ± 21.25 years. 70.7% were pulmonary, and 29.3% were extrapulmonary. 60.3% were in urban areas and 39.7% in rural areas. The largest organ involved was lung (70.7%). 95.5% were diagnosed as new. The smear was negative in 53.8% of patients. 44.8% of patients were smear-positive. The culture result was positive in 54.5% of patients with TB. In the case of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), smear, 11.7% of patients had a positive result. The negative result of BAL smear was observed in 88.3% of cases.Conclusion: Awareness of various forms and clinical symptoms, radiographic findings in people with TB help to early detection of the disease.

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The prevalence of hypertension and its distribution by sociodemographic factors in Central Mozambique: a cross sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09947-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mika Matsuzaki ◽

◽

Kenneth Sherr ◽

Orvalho Augusto ◽

Yoshito Kawakatsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Positive Association ◽

Household Survey ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Education Levels

Abstract Background Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and its prevalence has been rising in low- and middle-income countries. The current study describes HTN prevalence in central Mozambique, association between wealth and blood pressure (BP), and HTN monitoring and diagnosis practice among individuals with elevated BP. Methods The study used data from a cross-sectional, representative household survey conducted in Manica and Sofala provinces, Mozambique. There were 4101 respondents, aged ≥20 years. We measured average systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) from three measurements taken in the household setting. Elevated BP was defined as having either SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90 mmHg. Results The mean age of the participants was 36.7 years old, 59.9% were women, and 72.5% were from rural areas. Adjusting for complex survey weights, 15.7% (95%CI: 14.0 to 17.4) of women and 16.1% (13.9 to 18.5) of men had elevated BP, and 7.5% (95% CI: 6.4 to 8.7) of the overall population had both SBP ≥140 and DBP ≥90 mmHg. Among participants with elevated BP, proportions of participants who had previous BP measurement and HTN diagnosis were both low (34.9% (95% CI: 30.0 to 40.1) and 12.2% (9.9 to 15.0) respectively). Prior BP measurement and HTN diagnosis were more commonly reported among hypertensive participants with secondary or higher education, from urban areas, and with highest relative wealth. In adjusted models, wealth was positively associated with higher SBP and DBP. Conclusions The current study found evidence of positive association between wealth and BP. The prevalence of elevated BP was lower in Manica and Sofala provinces than the previously estimated national prevalence. Previous BP screening and HTN diagnosis were uncommon in our study population, especially among rural residents, individuals with lower education levels, and those with relatively less wealth. As the epidemiological transition advances in Mozambique, there is a need to develop and implement strategies to increase BP screening and deliver appropriate clinical services, as well as to encourage lifestyle changes among people at risk of developing hypertension in near future.

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