Community Knowledge and Behavior About COVID-19 and Their Attitude Toward Public Policies Implemented Against This Pandemic in the Northwest of Iran

Background: The awareness of people’s health knowledge and behavior on COVID-19 has helped guide education and health promotion policies, and examination of people’s opinions on governance measures against this disease will guide policymakers in making more decisions and responsiveness. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate people’s knowledge and behaviors toward COVID-19 and their views on adopted public policies against this disease in Maragheh, a city in the Northwest of Iran. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, analytical study that was done in urban areas of Maragheh from 13 November to 20 December 2020. The sample size was estimated at 672 participants, and the sampling method was stratified random. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire that consisted of four sections: demographic information, health behaviors, respondent’s knowledge of COVID-19, and their viewpoints on adopted public policies against this disease and was shared online. The one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression were used to analyze data with SPSS version 23. Results: The mean scores of people’s knowledge (6.42 ± 1.2) out of 9 and health behaviors (34.8 ± 3.9) of 36 were moderate. The majority of respondents had high levels of knowledge and also behavior about keeping the physical distance (98.5%) and proper handwashing (97.9%). Knowledge (β = 0.23) and male (β = -0.27) were the predictors of health behaviors (p < 0.001, F = 12.47). The investigation of myths on COVID-19 indicated that 17% and 41.1% of the respondents believed that alcohol consumption and using garlic and herbal drinks are effective in the prevention and 57.7% of them believed that holding the breath for 10 seconds is a sign of being healthy. People’s views on the COVID-19 control policies were assessed to be at the medium level (48.2 ± 7.5) of 65. The most effective policies against COVID-19 from the people’s opinions consisted of lockdown policies (96.4%), schools’ closure (95.9%), and constraints on intercity trips (91.3%). Conclusions: It seems necessary to strengthen measures on health knowledge promotion and implementation of health education interventions on protective behaviors of COVID-19 in such a way that right beliefs are replaced with wrong ones. Based on positive public opinions on Lockdown interventions, re-applying these policies is recommended to get the cities out of the high-risk situation.

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Amelogenesis Imperfecta Prevalence in a Colombian Population: A Retrospective Study

Universitas Odontologica ◽

10.11144/javeriana.uo40.aipc ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

Author(s):

Lizeth Paola Naranjo Jiménez ◽

Myriam Adriana Muñoz Briceño ◽

Ángela Suárez Castillo ◽

Claudia Patricia Lamby Tovar ◽

Sandra Janeth Gutierrez Prieto

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Magnitude Distribution ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

History Of ◽

And Behavior ◽

Frequency Magnitude Distribution

Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary condition that affects the structure of tooth enamel and causes sensitivity, predisposition to cavities, and psychological problems. In Colombia, its frequency, magnitude, distribution, and behavior are unknown, so it is necessary to carry out prevalence studies to implement preventive actions. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of AI in patients who have attended the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana clinics in Bogotá. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was carried out, whose sample included 1,394 medical records of patients who attended between January 2015 and December 2017. Results: The prevalence of AI was 0.6 %, corresponding to 8 people affected, 4 men and 4 women between the ages of 9 and 10 years. The most frequent phenotype was hypoplastic in 7 patients (87.5 %) and one person had a hypocalcified phenotype (12.5 %). Taurodontism was the most frequent anomaly in the 8 patients (100 %). Seven of the eight patients (87.5 %) had a family history of AI. All the individuals had a lower-middle socioeconomic level and came from urban areas. Conclusions: This study is the first approximation to determine the prevalence of AI in a group of the Colombian population. Although the prevalence was low, it is comparable with the findings of other studies.

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RELATIONSHIP OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR ABOUT NUTRITION BALANCE WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF STUDENT IN POLTEKKES KEMENKES BENGKULU IN 2020

SANITAS : Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan ◽

10.36525/sanitas.2020.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 158-166

Author(s):

Thesa Frovela

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Food Selection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Behaviors ◽

Nutrition Balance ◽

And Behaviors ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior ◽

Nutritional Balance

The health and nutritional status of pregnant women determined at teenager and adult during a eligible woman, so everyone must have knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about nutrition so that they don’t have mistakes in food selection. The purpose of this observation is determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and behavior about nutritional balance with the nutritional status of students in Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu in 2020. The design of this observation is obsevational cross-sectional design conducted in January in Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu with a population of 640 people and a sample of 60 people. The statistical analysis used the pearson correlation test. The results showed that the average knowledge about balanced nutrition was good enough, the average attitude about balanced nutrition was good, the average behavior about balanced nutrition was good and the average nutritional status of female students was in the normal category. There is a relationship between knowledge about nutritional balance with nutritional status of student (r = 0.324), there is a relationship between attitudes about nutritional balance with nutritional status of student (r = 0.373), and there is a relationship between behavior about nutritional balance with nutritional status of student (r = 0.343). It is expected that students can improve their knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about nutritional balance.

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Epidemiological Pattern of Poisoning in Children under the Age of 15 Admitted to the Referral Teaching Hospitals of Yazd and Taft Cities (2014-2019)

Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development ◽

10.18502/jehsd.v6i3.7243 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mahdieh Momayyezi ◽

Parisa Peigan ◽

Hossein Fallahzadeh

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Epidemiological Pattern ◽

Poisoning In Children

Introduction: Understanding the epidemiological pattern and causes of poisoning is the first step to prevent and reduce complications and mortality due to poisoning in children. Given that no study has been conducted on this subject in Yazd, this study aimed to determine the epidemiology pattern of poisoning in children admitted to the referral teaching hospitals in Yazd and Taft cities during 2014-2019. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 238 children under the age of 15 who have been admitted to Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd and Shahid Beheshti hospital in Taft city during 2014-2019. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0 using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and Chi-square. In all the statistical analyses, a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that the frequency of poisonings was higher in girls (58%), in summer (31.1%), and in urban areas (82.8%). Most cases of poisoning aged less than 15 years (75.1%). The main cause of poisoning in children was drug poisoning (60.5%), followed by cleansing products (10.1%). The most common clinical manifestations included neurological signs (33.6%). During 2014-2019, the frequency of drugs and pesticide poisonings decreased; while poisoning due to drug-opioids and cleansing products increased (P = 0.04). Also, 3 deaths occurred due to poisoning during this period. Conclusion: The higher prevalence of drug and cleansing products poisoning in children under the age of 15 indicates involuntary poisoning in this group. Therefore, proper storage of these substances and more parental care can reduce poisonings in children.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY FUNCTION AND ADOLESCENT AUTONOMY IN THE RURAL AND URBAN AREA

Journal of Family Sciences ◽

10.29244/jfs.3.1.15-29 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Mulyati Mulyati ◽

Kenty Martiastuti

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Confidence Level ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Family Characteristics ◽

Average Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family Function ◽

Adolescent Autonomy

This study aims to analyze the function of families in urban and rural areas as well as its relationship with adolescent autonomy by using cross sectional study method. The data collection time was conducted in September 2016. By proportional random sampling method, there were 72 samples at SMPN 2 Bogor (representing urban area) and 72 people at SMPN 2 Parung (representing rural area). Research data includes family characteristics, family functions divided into 3 dimensions (10 sub-scales) and adolescent autonomy consisting of 3 dimensions (value, emotional and behavioral). To see the correlation, the Pearson Correlation test was used and to see differences in family function characteristics and gender-based autonomy was seen by the Independent T-test differential test. The results showed that the average score of family function in urban areas was 118.44, while in rural areas 121.12. This shows the function of families in rural areas better than in urban areas. The average score of urban adolescent autonomy is 81.21, while in rural areas it is 77.29. This difference is significant at 99% confidence level. Adolescent autonomy is positively correlated with family function of personal growth dimension with correlation coefficient of 0.207 (at 95% confidence level). This shows that the better family function then the better the adolescent autonomy.

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Survey of Knowledge and Practice in Facing Covid 19 among Communities in Malaysia and Indonesia: Towards Apply New Norm

Journal of Saintech Transfer ◽

10.32734/jst.v4i1.5119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 16-23

Author(s):

Fazidah Aguslina Siregar

Keyword(s):

Preventive Measures ◽

Good Practice ◽

Physical Distance ◽

Preventive Strategies ◽

Future Time ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Running Water ◽

Knowledge And Practice ◽

And Behavior

Abstract Nowdays, COVID 19 is still health problem in many countries in the world including Malaysia and Indonesia. The number of confirmed cases remains high. An effort to resolve the Covid 19 problem, both Indonesian and Malaysian governments had been taken preventive strategies to break the chain of transmission through the implementation of health protocol including using a mask, keeping a physical distance from another people at least 2 meters and washing hands as often as possible with running water. However in reality, there are many people had not implemented yet health protocol properly. This activity using cross sectional survey with the purpose of this activity was to analyze knowledge and behavior of community in facing COVID 19 in Malaysia and Indonesia. The results showed that in Medan, Indonesia. Out of 203 respondents, half of respondents (59.1%) had good knowledge regarding Covid 19, as much as 21.2% with fair knowledge and 19.7% had poor knowledge. While most of respondent had good practice (72.9%) and 27.9% had bad practice in applying health protocols to prevent the covid transmission. In Malaysia, out of 317 respondents aged 18 years and more, 78.9% of respondents had knowledge regarding symptoms of Covid 19, as much as 69.1% of respondents had knowledge regarding cause of the disease, 71.6% had knowledge about transmission of the disease. Most of them (96.3%) had good practice to preventive measures for Covid 19, only 6.3% of respondent had not implemented preventive measures. To prevent the transmission of covid 19 in future time, it is necessary to identify knowledge and behaviour of community and then followed by socialize regarding the disease to increased knowledge of community regarding the disease and apply new norm to prevent transmission of the disease.

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Changes in Hypertension-Related Knowledge and Behavior and Their Associations with Socioeconomic Status among Recently Urbanized Residents in China: 2013–2016

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15081701 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1701 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wenjie Zhang ◽

Hongdao Meng ◽

Shujuan Yang ◽

Honglin Luo ◽

Danping Liu

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Urbanization In China ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Unemployed ◽

The Impact

The rapid urbanization in China has brought with it some health benefits, but it also brought about a negative influence on the lifestyle of residents. We conducted this study to assess the change in hypertension-related knowledge and behavior from 2013 to 2016 among recently urbanized residents and determine their association with socioeconomic status (SES). This research used data from two cross-sectional studies conducted in Hezuo community in Chengdu, Sichuan province of China. A total of 2268 and 2601 individuals, respectively, participated and completed standard questionnaires. According to the results, the median (IQR) scores of health knowledge was 1 (0,3) and 3 (1,5), respectively, (p < 0.001) and the median (IQR) scores of health behavior was 6 (5,6) and 5 (5,6), respectively, (p < 0.001) in 2013 and 2016. The rate of sufficient knowledge increased from 8.8% to 18.1% (p < 0.001), while the rate of correct behavior decreased from 54.5% to 45.5% (p < 0.001) in three years. Logistic regression analysis showed that higher education was associated with sufficient hypertension-related knowledge (p < 0.05), and those with higher education, unemployment, and retirement were more likely to have sufficient behavior (p < 0.05). The impact of SES on knowledge was stable between 2013 and 2016. The behavior difference between the middle school educated and the illiterate increased from 2013 to 2016 (p < 0.05), and the behavior difference between the unemployed and manual workers decreased from 2013 to 2016 (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that hypertension-related knowledge improved with no corresponding improvement in self-reported behavior among recently urbanized residents from 2013 to 2016. Organizational strategy should be implemented to improve health education on knowledge, and what is more, translate knowledge into behavior. All these measures should be given more attention to the lower educated and manual workers among recently urbanized residents to eliminate the SES disparity.

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Mental and Emotional Self-Help Technology Apps: Cross-Sectional Study of Theory, Technology, and Mental Health Behaviors

JMIR Mental Health ◽

10.2196/mental.7262 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. e45 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Benjamin T Crookston ◽

Joshua H West ◽

P Cougar Hall ◽

Kaitana Martinez Dahle ◽

Thomas L Heaton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Behavior Change ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Emotional Health ◽

Actual Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Apps ◽

Self Help ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Impact

Background Mental and emotional self-help apps have emerged as potential mental illness prevention and treatment tools. The health behavior theory mechanisms by which these apps influence mental health–related behavior change have not been thoroughly examined. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the association between theoretical behavior change mechanisms and use of mental and emotional self-help apps and whether the use of such apps is associated with mental health behaviors. Methods This study utilized a cross-sectional survey of 150 users of mental or emotional health apps in the past 6 months. Survey questions included theory-based items, app engagement and likeability items, and behavior change items. Stata version 14 was used to calculate all statistics. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each of the demographic, theory, engagement, and behavior variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with reported changes in theory and separately for reported changes in actual behavior after controlling for potentially confounding variables. Results Participants reported that app use increased their motivation, desire to set goals, confidence, control, and intentions to be mentally and emotionally healthy. Engagement (P<.001) was positively associated with the reported changes in theory items, whereas perceived behavior change was positively associated with theory (P<.001), engagement (P=.004), frequency of use of apps (P=.01), and income (P=.049). Conclusions Participants reported that app use increased their motivation, desire to set goals, confidence, control, and intentions to be mentally and emotionally healthy. This increase in perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes surrounding their mental and emotional health was considerably associated with perceived change in behavior. There was a positive association between the level of engagement with the app and the impact on theory items. Future efforts should consider the value of impacting key theoretical constructs when designing mental and emotional health apps. As apps are evaluated and additional theory-based apps are created, cost-effective self-help apps may become common preventative and treatment tools in the mental health field.

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Utilization of dental services and associated factors among preschool children in China

10.21203/rs.2.14101/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoli Gao ◽

Min Ding ◽

Mengru Xu ◽

Huijing Wu ◽

Chunzi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Health Service ◽

Service Utilization ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Health Service Utilization ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Dental Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Dental Utilization

Abstract Background: This study sought to evaluate dental utilization among 3-,4-, and 5-year-old children in China and to use Andersen’s behavioural model to explore influencing factors, thereby providing a reference for future policy making.Methods: A cross-sectional study utilizing data from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey was performed from August 2015 to December 2016. Survey data for children in the 3- to 5-year-old age groups were extracted. Patient data were collected using a questionnaire answered by the child’s parents, and clinical data were collected during a clinical examination. Stratification and survey weighting were incorporated into the complex survey design. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations and logistic regression results were then analysed to assess associations.Results : The oral health service utilization rates during the prior 12 months were 9.5% among 3-year-old children, 12.1% among 4-year-old children, and 17.5% among 5-year-old children. “No dental diseases” and “dental disease was not severe” were the principal reasons that children had not attended a dental visit in the past 12 months. Greater child age, increased parental educational level, and good oral health brief by parents was associated with an increased likelihood that the child received dental services within the past 12 months. Children who lived in urban areas and who belonged to families with high annual per capita incomes tended to have relatively higher oral health service utilization rates in the past 12 months. In addition, dental pain, evaluated dental health, and decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFS) scores were significantly linked to dental visits. The results also demonstrated that children were more likely to see a dentist if they brushed their teeth more frequently or brushed their teeth with their parents’ help.Conclusion: The rate of dental service utilization was relatively low among preschool children. It is necessary to strengthen oral health education for parents and children, thereby improving oral health knowledge as well as attitude, and promoting dental utilization.

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Evaluating the Relationship between Nursing Students’ Awareness of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Health Behaviors with Health Literacy

Journal of Education and Research in Nursing ◽

10.5222/head.2020.01112 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sena Kaplan ◽

Sibel Peksoy Kaya

Keyword(s):

Health Literacy ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Significance Test ◽

Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

The Relationship

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between nursing students’ awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic and health behaviors with health literacy. METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional study comprised 408 students enrolled in an undergraduate nursing program at a public university in Turkey. The data were collected online using the Individual Information Form, Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale II, and Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32. The percentiles, significance test of the difference between two means, and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The mean age of students was 20.89±1.95 and three of them had been diagnosed with COVID-19. It was determined that the students had sufficient health literacy (𝒙̅ =35.97±8.73), and healthy lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic were at a moderate level (𝒙̅ =55.76±12.05). The results showed that as awareness of nursing students regarding COVID-19 and precautions against it increased, their mean score of health literacy increased, too (p<.05). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between students’ mean score of healthy lifestyle behaviors in nutrition, physical activity, and stress management and their mean score of health literacy (p<.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As the results have shown a relationship between nursing students’ awareness of COVID-19 and healthy lifestyle behaviors and health literacy, it is suggested to adapt the health literacy to students’ daily life during the pandemic period.

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