Economic and Performance Evaluation of Heat Sink Options in Combined Cycle Applications

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rattan Tawney ◽  
Zahid Khan ◽  
Justin Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sink ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Plant Operations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

This paper is a guideline to selecting the most appropriate technology for the power plant heat sink based on water availability, site location, and wastewater disposal requirements. The paper discusses wet as well as dry cooling systems and evaluates the impact of the heat sink technology on the performance and cost of combined cycle power plants. Cogeneration applications and cycling plant operations are also considered. For each proposed option, the performance, relative costs, and noise issues will be presented.

Economic and Performance Evaluation of Heat Sink Options in Combined Cycle Applications

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rattan Tawney ◽  
Zahid Khan ◽  
Justin Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sink ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Because of the current environmental requirements for zero discharge from power plants and scarcity of water, the cooling tower—a proven and industry-recognized conventional option for combined cycle application heat sinks—is being scrutinized by designers, developers, operators, and regulatory agencies. This paper is a guideline to selecting the most appropriate solution for the plant heat sink based on water availability, site location, and wastewater disposal requirements. The paper discusses wet as well as dry cooling systems and evaluates the impact of heat sink selection for cogeneration applications and merchant power plant cycling operation mode. For each proposed option, the performance, relative costs, and noise issues will be presented.

scholarly journals NEGATIVE ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE OF COOLING SYSTEMS OF POWER PLANTS AND WAYS OF ITS OVERCOMING

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda K. Fedorovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sink ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Fish Juveniles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intake Water

The issues of the impact of the cooling systems of ship power plants on the fish resources of the seas and continental reservoirs are considered. Widespread open cooling systems consume intake water. The filters used are not capable of trapping plankton and fish juveniles. As a result, when passing through the system, they die almost completely. Consequently food chains are destroyed and the fish resources of the seas are reduced. Numerical estimates of the damage are given. It is shown that the problem can be solved by introducing closed cooling systems. The necessary methods for increasing the heat sink of systems have been developed. As a result, it becomes possible to significantly reduce the weight and dimensions of the systems, which contributes to their implementation in practice.

Consideration of the Environmental Impact of Wet vs Dry Cooling for Combined Cycle Power Plants

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dry Cooling ◽  
Selection Of

Combined cycle power plants fueled with natural gas have been increasingly preferred by regulatory agencies for new power generation projects, compared with traditional coal-fired plants. With growing concerns about water resource availability and the environmental impact of wet cooling systems, there has been an increasing trend for new combined cycle projects to incorporate dry cooling, often as a mandate for regulatory approval of the project. There appears to be little consideration given to the impact of less efficient dry cooling systems on unit efficiency, and particularly on increased fuel requirements and therefore carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for a given power generating output. The trade-off between reduction of water use and increased fuel requirements with dry cooling should be included as part of the decision on the selection of cooling systems for new fossil plant construction.

Errors Resulting From Excluding the Effects of Humidity on the Performance of Combustion Turbine Plants Equipped With Evaporative Coolers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Sasso
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Combustion turbine combined cycle (CTCC) plants have generally been the “power plant of choice” over the past two decades for a number of reasons, including first cost, efficiency, and low emissions. Combustion (Gas) turbine (CT) based plants now account for over 30% of the electric power capacity in the United States. Despite the significant reliance on this technology, the electric Independent System Operators (ISOs) have yet to recognize and acknowledge in their production templates, test forms and performance predicting software the Brayton Cycle limitations, most notably how humidity affects output for CT plants equipped with evaporative cooling systems. Such plants account for an estimated 48% of the CT power installed in the last 10 years. Ignoring the impact of humidity on these plants can lead to errors in production predictions beyond the normal tolerance band of 3% to as high as 9% during peak ambient temperatures for certain units. As such the electric ISO’s prediction of available generation and the associated capacity reserve margins have the potential to be overestimated. The article explores the situation in more depth, presents examples within the NYISO, quantifies the potential impact and recommends easy solutions to close the gap.

Inlet Air Cooling Applied to Combined Cycle Power Plants: Influence of Site Climate and Thermal Storage Systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Palestra ◽  
Giovanna Barigozzi ◽  
Antonio Perdichizzi
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Cooling Systems

The paper presents the results of an investigation on inlet air cooling systems based on cool thermal storage, applied to combined cycle power plants. Such systems provide a significant increase of electric energy production in the peak hours; the charge of the cool thermal storage is performed instead during the night time. The inlet air cooling system also allows the plant to reduce power output dependence on ambient conditions. A 127MW combined cycle power plant operating in the Italian scenario is the object of this investigation. Two different technologies for cool thermal storage have been considered: ice harvester and stratified chilled water. To evaluate the performance of the combined cycle under different operating conditions, inlet cooling systems have been simulated with an in-house developed computational code. An economical analysis has been then performed. Different plant location sites have been considered, with the purpose to weigh up the influence of climatic conditions. Finally, a parametric analysis has been carried out in order to investigate how a variation of the thermal storage size affects the combined cycle performances and the investment profitability. It was found that both cool thermal storage technologies considered perform similarly in terms of gross extra production of energy. Despite this, the ice harvester shows higher parasitic load due to chillers consumptions. Warmer climates of the plant site resulted in a greater increase in the amount of operational hours than power output augmentation; investment profitability is different as well. Results of parametric analysis showed how important the size of inlet cooling storage may be for economical results.

Design of Optimum Plate-Fin Natural Convective Heat Sinks

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avram Bar-Cohen ◽  
Madhusudan Iyengar ◽  
Allan D. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Rectangular Plate ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nusselt Number Correlation ◽  
The Impact

The effort described herein extends the use of least-material single rectangular plate-fin analysis to multiple fin arrays, using a composite Nusselt number correlation. The optimally spaced least-material array was also found to be the globally best thermal design. Comparisons of the thermal capability of these optimum arrays, on the basis of total heat dissipation, heat dissipation per unit mass, and space claim specific heat dissipation, are provided for several potential heat sink materials. The impact of manufacturability constraints on the design and performance of these heat sinks is briefly discussed.

Operation Diagnosis of a Combined Cycle Based on the Structural Theory of Thermoeconomics

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Correas ◽  
Ángel Martínez ◽  
Antonio Valero
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Structural Theory ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Data Reconciliation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Performance Diagnosis ◽  
Field Instrumentation ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Diagnosis of the performance of energy was theoretically developed based on the Structural Theory (Valero, Serra and Lozano, 1993), and traditionally Thermoeconomics have usually been applied to the design of power plants and comparison between alternatives. However, the application of thermoeconomic techniques to actual power plants has always to face the generally poor quality of measurement readings from the standard field instrumentation as an unavoidable first step. The proposed methodology focuses on measurement uncertainty estimation and performance calculation by means of data reconciliation techniques, in order to obtain the most confident plant balance upon the available instrumentation. The formulation of the Structural Theory has been applied to a combined cycle, where the Fuel-Product relationships at the component level must be optimally defined for a correct malfunction interpretation. This set of relationships determines the ability to diagnose and the level of the diagnostics obtained. The paper reports the application of the methodology to a 280 MW rated combined cycle, where performance diagnosis is illustrated with results from a collection of actual operation data sets. The results show that data reconciliation yields sufficient accuracy to conduct a thermoeconomic analysis, and how the estimated impact on fuel correlates with physical causes. Hence the feasibility of thermoeconomic analysis of plant operation is demonstrated.

The Effect of Alternative Turbine Cooling Schemes on the Performance of Utility Gas Turbine Powerplants

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Cohn ◽  
Mark Waters
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Systems Studies

It is important that the requirements and cycle penalties related to the cooling of high temperature turbines be thoroughly understood and accurately factored into cycle analyses and power plant systems studies. Various methods used for the cooling of high temperature gas turbines are considered and cooling effectiveness curves established for each. These methods include convection, film and transpiration cooling using compressor bleed and/or discharge air. In addition, the effects of chilling the compressor discharge cooling gas are considered. Performance is developed to demonstrate the impact of the turbine cooling schemes on the heat rate and specific power of Combined–Cycle power plants.

Diagnosis of the Operation of Power Plants

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose´ Miguel Gonza´lez-Santalo´ ◽  
Abigail Gonza´lez-Di´az ◽  
Carlos Alberto Marin˜o-Lo´pez
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Design Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

A system was developed to diagnose the operation of combined cycle power plants and to determine, when deviations are found, which components are causing the deviations and the impact of each component deviation. The system works by comparing the values of the actual operating variables with some reference values that are calculated by a model that was adjusted to the design heat balances. The model can use the actual values of the environmental parameters as well as the design values, so the effect of environmental changes can be quantified and separated. The determination of the individual equipment impacts is done by adjusting the equipment parameters in order to reproduce the values of the measured variables. The adjustment is done by varying the values of the characteristic parameters of the equipment in order to minimize the sum of the squares of the differences between the values of the measured variables and the calculated values from the model.

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