Diagnosis of the Operation of Power Plants

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose´ Miguel Gonza´lez-Santalo´ ◽  
Abigail Gonza´lez-Di´az ◽  
Carlos Alberto Marin˜o-Lo´pez
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Design Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

A system was developed to diagnose the operation of combined cycle power plants and to determine, when deviations are found, which components are causing the deviations and the impact of each component deviation. The system works by comparing the values of the actual operating variables with some reference values that are calculated by a model that was adjusted to the design heat balances. The model can use the actual values of the environmental parameters as well as the design values, so the effect of environmental changes can be quantified and separated. The determination of the individual equipment impacts is done by adjusting the equipment parameters in order to reproduce the values of the measured variables. The adjustment is done by varying the values of the characteristic parameters of the equipment in order to minimize the sum of the squares of the differences between the values of the measured variables and the calculated values from the model.

Property Risk Assessment for Combined Cycle Power Plants

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Orme ◽  
M. Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Electric Power Output ◽  
Customer Feedback ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
The Impact

In the paper, a procedure for Property Risk Assessment is presented and discussed. The procedure is applied to some combined cycle power plants and the most common sources of loss are identified. The impact on operational costs is evaluated through the determination of two indices of risk. First, their dependence on combined cycle configuration and electric power output is established. Second, a sample analysis for risk/benefit evaluation is carried out to estimate whether the adoption of risk assessment procedures allows an actual profit for plant owners. Finally, customer feedback is also discussed.

scholarly journals Expressionism in European and Chinese painting (late XIX – early XXI centuries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Jitai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Chinese Painting ◽  
Oil Painting ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of Chinese traditional painting upon the formation of Western expressionism, as well as interprets the influence of Western expressionism upon Chinese painting in expressionist manner of different periods. The author reveals the mutual influence, similarities and differences between Western expressionism and Chinese painting in expressionist manner, Chinese imagery oil painting, Chinese colored ink painting, and Chinese imagery painting in Western style. Based on correlation between the spiritual ideology of painting and artistic form, the author carries out a comparative analysis of spiritual and formal factors of Chinese and Western painting systems for the purpose of determination of their mutual influence, and how it affects the emergence of new concepts in painting. The structure of brush stroke of the artist defines his aesthetic spirit. The article determines the “cyclic” nature of interinfluence processes between Chinese and Western painting systems that stimulate the development of human civilization. The analysis of corresponding cultural factors allows assessing the individual artistic characteristics of painting. Both, Chinese and Western painting systems entered the period when spiritual ideology of painting interacts with the artistic forms, opening the era of “globalization” of the language of painting.

scholarly journals Determination of the united quality latent index of adaptability (UQLIA) and contribution of some environmental parameters to it for Deschampsia antarctica populations, Galindez island (Maritime Antarctic) season 2017/2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-202
Author(s):  
I. Y. Parnikoza ◽  
N. Y. Miryuta ◽  
V. Y. Ivanets ◽  
E. O. Dykyi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Deschampsia Antarctica ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature ◽  
Experimental Populations ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of our work has been to determine the indicator of complex adaptability — the United Quality Latent Index of Adaptability (UQLIA) for the experimental populations of Deschampsia antarctica É. Desv. and study the contribution to it of some environmental factors such as the near soil surface temperature and organogens content. Materials and methods. The determination of UQLIA was based on a pairwise comparison of the differences between investigated parameters of populations by mathematical regression techniques. The soil surface temperature was measured by loggers installed near plants in each locus during April 2017 – April 2018. Results and conclusions. Temperature fluctuations were described during December 2017 – February 2018 for twelve experimental populations of D. antarctica and one control fragment of moss turf subformation from Galindez Island. Significant variations in average daily near surface temperature were observed during the study period between populations, especially in December and January. The UQLIA of D. antarctica for this season was calculated on the basis of the projective cover, biometric indices of generative plants and the content of protective and reserve proteins in seeds for the eleven populations. The values of the United Soil Surface Temperature Influence Index (UTII) for the season summer months and the United Organogens Content in Soil Influence Index (UOCSII) have been calculated for the individual parameters of D. antarctica plants adaptability. The reliable contribution of UTII to ULIA has been shown for December and January, at the moment of the greatest variation of soil surface temperature. UOCSII provided a reliable contribution to the ULIA only in the amount of UTII. Keywords: Deschampsia antarctica, United Quality Latent Index of Adaptability (UQLIA), contribution of soil surface temperature and organogens content to complex adaptability.

The Effect of Alternative Turbine Cooling Schemes on the Performance of Utility Gas Turbine Powerplants

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Cohn ◽  
Mark Waters
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Systems Studies

It is important that the requirements and cycle penalties related to the cooling of high temperature turbines be thoroughly understood and accurately factored into cycle analyses and power plant systems studies. Various methods used for the cooling of high temperature gas turbines are considered and cooling effectiveness curves established for each. These methods include convection, film and transpiration cooling using compressor bleed and/or discharge air. In addition, the effects of chilling the compressor discharge cooling gas are considered. Performance is developed to demonstrate the impact of the turbine cooling schemes on the heat rate and specific power of Combined–Cycle power plants.

Experimental analysis of cell pattern on grid fin aerodynamics in subsonic flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-562
Author(s):  
Manish Tripathi ◽  
Mahesh M Sucheendran ◽  
Ajay Misra
Keyword(s):  
Subsonic Flow ◽  
Lift Coefficient ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Aerodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Grid Fin ◽  
Stall Angle ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Surfaces

Grid fins consisting of a lattice of high aspect ratio planar members encompassed by an outer frame are unconventional control surfaces used on numerous missiles and bombs due to their enhanced lifting characteristics at high angles of attack and across wider Mach number regimes. The current paper accomplishes and compares the effect of different grid fin patterns on subsonic flow aerodynamics of grid fins by virtue of the determination of their respective aerodynamic forces. Furthermore, this study deliberates the impact of gap variation on aerodynamics of different patterns. Results enunciate enhanced aerodynamic efficiency, and lift slope for web-fin cells and single diamond patterns compared to the baseline model. Moreover, the study indicates improved aerodynamic performance for diamond patterns with higher gaps by providing elevated maximum lift coefficient, delayed stall angle, and comparable drag at lower angles. The study established the presence of an additional effect termed as the inclination effect alongside the cascade effect leading to deviations with respect to lift, stall, and aerodynamic efficiency amongst different gap variants of the individual patterns. Thus, optimization based on the aerodynamic efficiency, stall angle requirements, and construction cost by optimum pattern and gap selection can be carried out through this analysis, which can lead to elevated aerodynamic performance for grid fins.

scholarly journals Critical Distance of the Seismic Waves’ Impact in Disintegration of Rock Blasting

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dušan Kudelas ◽  
Blažej Pandula ◽  
Michal Cehlár ◽  
Marcela Taušová ◽  
Ján Koščo
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Rock Blasting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Explosive Charges ◽  
Speed Of Propagation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The presented paper deals with attenuation of seismic waves, which depends on the degree of disintegration of the rock environment in which seismic waves are propagated due to the explosion of explosive charges during blasting operations. Measurements of the impact of seismic waves were conducted to determine the best possible way to absorb these waves. The aim of the article is to identify the existence of a critical distance and the determination of the critical point from which the propagation of the velocity is not dependent on the type of deposit and the environment in which the seismic wave propagates. Statistical methods were used for these findings. The result is the determination of the distance of 80 m in which the speed on the individual deposits varied. From this limit on, there was no significant difference in the speed of propagation on the individual deposits.

scholarly journals The impact of exploitation and environmental factors on the degradation of steel road safety equipment

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Joanna Kobus ◽  
Lech Kwiatkowski ◽  
Rafał Lutze
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Zinc Corrosion ◽  
The Impact

The work is aimed at determining the corrosivity of atmosphere in the vicinity of roads, taking into account the characteristics of local emission sources, including traffic intensity of vehicles along with climatic and exploitation factors. Determination of the corrosivity of atmosphere was carried out according to the procedures described in PN EN ISO standards. Samples for testing were made of low carbon steel DC05, zinc and hot dip galvanized steel. Samples were assembled at 19 sites in the close vicinity of roads and highways near the measurement points of vehicle traffic intensity. The mass loss of exposed samples was the basis for determination the atmosphere corrosivity at each of 19 test sites. Regarding steel, the corrosivity category of C4 was observed at 8/19 sites. Corrosion losses outside roads are 2-4 times lower and ranged within the categories of C2 and C3. Zinc corrosion losses classified to category C4 occurred at 2/19 stations. In the remaining ones they corresponded to category C3. In areas outside of roads, zinc corrosion losses are about 20-100% lower (C2). The first attempts to model the dependence of operating and environmental parameters on zinc and zinc coating corrosion losses indicate significant correlation between zinc and zinc coating corrosion losses as a function.

300 MW Combined-Cycle Plant With Integrated Coal Gasification

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf H. Kehlhofer
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
The Individual

In the past 15 years the combined-cycle (gas/steam turbine) power plant has come into its own in the power generation market. Today, approximately 30 000 MW of power are already installed or being built as combined-cycle units. Combined-cycle plants are therefore a proven technology, showing not only impressive thermal efficiency ratings of up to 50 percent in theory, but also proving them in practice and everyday operation (1) (2). Combined-cycle installations can be used for many purposes. They range from power plants for power generation only, to cogeneration plants for district heating or combined cycles with maximum additional firing (3). The main obstacle to further expansion of the combined cycle principle is its lack of fuel flexibility. To this day, gas turbines are still limited to gaseous or liquid fuels. This paper shows a viable way to add a cheap solid fuel, coal, to the list. The plant system in question is a 2 × 150 MW combined-cycle plant of BBC Brown Boveri with integrated coal gasification plant of British Gas/Lurgi. The main point of interest is that all the individual components of the power plant described in this paper have proven their worth commercially. It is therefore not a pilot plant but a viable commercial proposition.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on Cholera: A Review on the Global Status and Future Challenges

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Eirini Christaki ◽  
Panagiotis Dimitriou ◽  
Katerina Pantavou ◽  
Georgios K. Nikolopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Global Status ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
The Impact

Water ecosystems can be rather sensitive to evolving or sudden changes in weather parameters. These changes can result in alterations in the natural habitat of pathogens, vectors, and human hosts, as well as in the transmission dynamics and geographic distribution of infectious agents. However, the interaction between climate change and infectious disease is rather complicated and not deeply understood. In this narrative review, we discuss climate-driven changes in the epidemiology of Vibrio species-associated diseases with an emphasis on cholera. Changes in environmental parameters do shape the epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae. Outbreaks of cholera cause significant disease burden, especially in developing countries. Improved sanitation systems, access to clean water, educational strategies, and vaccination campaigns can help control vibriosis. In addition, real-time assessment of climatic parameters with remote-sensing technologies in combination with robust surveillance systems could help detect environmental changes in high-risk areas and result in early public health interventions that can mitigate potential outbreaks.

Determining FAC Degradation From NDE Data

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold M. Crockett ◽  
Jeffrey S. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Error Propagation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Flow Acceleration ◽  
Inspection Data ◽  
Evaluation Approaches ◽  
The Impact

Flow-acceleration corrosion (FAC) is a degradation mechanism that impacts carbon steel piping components and equipment under conditions often found in both nuclear and fossil power plants. To deal with this type of degradation, many utilities have instituted inspection programs designed to discover dangerous situations well before failures occur. Inspections to determine FAC damage are normally done using the Ultrasonic Technique (UT) although other methods are also used. For large bore components, the most commonly used inspection approach is gridded UT measurements. Experience has shown that the amount of degradation that typically occurs between inspections is comparable to the uncertainty of the UT measurements. Thus, the accurate determination of the actual wear rates is difficult as the measurement uncertainties tend to cause over-stating the actual degradation. To deal with this problem, EPRI has developed a number of evaluation approaches for interpreting data from one inspection, from two sets of inspections and from more than two sets of inspections. The application of these methods to inspection data will be discussed demonstrating the performance of the different approaches. The impact of the error propagation on the accuracy of these methods and recommendations for different circumstances will be presented.

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