scholarly journals Why Manufacturing Matters

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (11) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Tom Kurfess
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Manufacturing Innovation ◽  
Energy Independence

This article explores the role of manufacturing industry as a key to innovation, economic health, and national security. As engineers and manufacturers develop new technologies, they build the capabilities to extend and innovate in new fields. Those innovations give manufacturers the performance or cost edge they need to compete in a crowded international marketplace. U.S. manufacturing innovation is lagging behind high-wage nations such as Germany and Japan. The article suggests that what the United States must do now is close the gap between innovation and commercial scale-up and production. It already leads the world in creating disruptive technologies and is rapidly moving towards energy independence. The imposing wage gap that once separated it from other nations is closing. Some American companies have begun reshoring manufacturing operations located in other nations already.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in the 1990s: From Bedside to Bench and Back

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-344
Author(s):  
Frances B Jamieson ◽  
Pamela Chedore
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Critical Part

Since the mid-1980s, the rate of new cases of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosed in Canada ceased to follow a downward trend, and has instead stabilized at approximately 7 cases/100,000 population. In the United States, a similar trend emerged, such that in the early 1990s there was an increase in new cases of TB. Outbreaks of drug-resistant TB also occurred with devastating clinical impact. These observations prompted laboratories to re-examine their role in halting the spread of TB. Laboratories play a critical part in the diagnosis of TB; procedures must be optimized to provide rapid and accurate results. This review discusses the role of the mycobacteriology laboratory in the diagnosis of TB, and how new technologies available today have enhanced the ability of the laboratory to provide timely, efficient and accurate results.

scholarly journals Disruption in Manufacturing Industry - The Future of Global Workforce

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 357-385
Author(s):  
Dayo Ife Bambe, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
Employment Situation ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
The Future

The aim of this research was to evaluate the future of the global workforce aligned with the disruptive technologies in the manufacturing industry. The impacts of 5G, robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning were focused on current research. The purpose was to identify the possible safety net, which could be used by the governments and regulatory authorities to deal with the negative effects of technologies on the workers’ displacement in the next 5 to 10 years. Through the implementation of the inductive research methodology based on structured survey questionnaire administered with the sample of 100 employees working in the manufacturing sector, effects of disruptive technologies on the employment situation, production activity and overall organisation performance were addressed. Findings of the investigation have confirmed that new technologies have positive impacts on the production activity and overall organisational performance. New technologies are contributing vitally to increasing the production output, production quality, improving the cost of delays, increasing efficient waste management, reliable and consistent growth and enhanced profitability for the manufacturing companies. In contrary, these technologies are also having negative effects on the employment situation such as reduced recruitment, training, compensation, and increased unrest. Lastly, the set of recommendations directing towards introducing governmental regulations and policies for mandatory training, balanced compensation and increased hiring, are expected to have a significant positive contribution for tackling the issue of displacements.

American Electronic Constitution

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fortunato Musella
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Difference

The chapter is dedicated at analyzing the strategic use of new technologies in the United States. An evident synergy has been noted between the digital policy projects and the neo-liberal ideology wave that has traced origin in the fiscal crisis of the State in the 1970s. About four decades have transformed some political directions in true imperatives: public sector downsizing, cost-cutting in public agencies, decision-making privatization, and the principle of efficiency as a measure of collective action. If new public management has been imposed as a dominant paradigm for administrative restructuring, ICTs programs sustain reform objectives by putting emphasis on the sure advantages of technological applications. In addition to this, administrative reforms seem to be in continuity with some American historical tradition, in reasserting a central role of private actor in public activities and realizing a significant “fusion of political and economic power”. Digital era seems to have added a new chapter to the American corporate liberalism history, with the difference – and the aggravating circumstance – that private organizations have now more powerful instruments to control and regulate society. New technological instruments seem to be used essentially to produce a neo-liberal interpretation of government activities.

Role of Sustainable Procurement in Sustainable Manufacturing Operations

2016 ◽  
pp. 132-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Venkatesh ◽  
Sunil Luthra
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Sustainable Procurement ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Complete Discussion ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Key Drivers

Sustainable Procurement is an emerging concept in India in the recent times. It is imperative for the production firms to look the procurement activity as one of the strategic enabler for sustaining the business in the competitive global environment. Moreover, sustainability in India has been understood in multiple meanings and it is essential to bring the awareness on sustainable procurement and its impact on manufacturing. This chapter elucidates the key drivers of sustainable procurement along with a complete discussion on the importance of those practices in the Indian context. It also lists some of the key trends in the current business environment. The study endorses that manufacturing industry dominated by SMEs are highly reluctant to adopt sustainability as they lack awareness and perceive them as a cost escalation activity. It also reveals challenges faced by the firms and gives a conclusion on the future directions for sustainable procurement research in Indian context.

The Unity of Freedom

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Kieron O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Over Time

The final chapter summarizes the ideas of Four Internets. The Internet needs to remain connected, while its governance should allow different ideologies to flourish simultaneously, without imposing their view on the rest. Governance should pursue common interests while respecting cultural diversity. The prominent role of the United States remains an issue, although it has historically been a good steward of the infrastructure, and probably better than any alternative, including the multilateral structures promoted by nations like China and Russia. Governance is currently multistakeholder and ad hoc, but informal, emergent arrangements are probably better and more flexible than something neater and designed. Innovation and network effects need to be fostered, but policymakers will, on occasion, have to intervene against (perceived) negative externalities. New Internets will emerge over time; a COVID-19 Internet is imagined and described, for example. New technologies, such as quantum computing, will create new stresses, requiring a constant focus on resilience.

Innovations in Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 317-347
Author(s):  
B. Zorina Khan
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Common

Administered systems involve regulation, while efficient markets in ideas require secure property rights and appropriate adjacent institutions. Disruptive technologies typically lead to institutional bottlenecks, which then require accommodations in legal rules and their enforcement. U.S. policy toward innovation and enterprise has always been distinguished by the central role of law and the judiciary. The evolution of legal rules and standards in the United States reveals a remarkable degree of flexibility and responsiveness to innovations. In the short run, the common law economized on legal adjustment costs through “adjudication by analogy,” whereas, in the long run, socioeconomic changes wrought by major inventions ultimately produced more fundamental adjustments in adjacent institutions. This institutional elasticity can be contrasted with the lack of transparency and rigidity that characterized most administered innovation institutions.

Sino-European Relations in Greater Eurasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
O. Vorkunova ◽  
A. Khotivrishvili ◽  
A. Tsvyk ◽  
M. Shpakovskaya
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
International System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Chinese Trade ◽  
Innovation Space ◽  
Transit Routes

The article considers the phenomenon of European-Chinese cooperation in the context of the transformation of Eurasia as an international region. Particular attention is paid to the development of China’s relations with the countries of Eastern and Central Europe and the Western Balkans; the features of China’s interaction with the countries of Southern Europe are revealed. The paper provides an analysis of factors influencing the correlation and struggle between new trends in the process of the innovation space formation in Eurasia. The role of Europe and China in the development of new transit routes across and around Eurasia is being studied. Its features include a combination of land and sea routes. Europe and China are synergistic within financial, industrial, and e-commerce complementarities. The article investigates the role of Chinese trade and investment in Europe with a particular focus on intensity of the latter toward the industrial heart of Europe: Germany and the Visegrad 4 countries. It highlights the German–Central-Eastern European Manufacturing Core as one of the most competitive industrial bases of Sino-European cooperation. Deepening Sino-European ties across Eurasia, leveraged by new technologies, give the continent integrity in global geo-economic terms. The paper assesses the current evolution of EU – China relations, which expanded greatly in geographic terms and diversity. The article seeks to explain that the interaction between China and Europe has social, economic, and even political dimensions, with potentially long-term implications for the structure of world affairs. Europe and China are the largest entities in Eurasia and in the international system, apart from the United States. The authors conclude that Sino-European reunification is contributing to a new phase in the transformation of Eurasia and to its rising significance in global political and economic governance.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling and Tuberculosis: Advances in Diagnostics and Novel Therapies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Zwerling ◽  
Sourya Shrestha ◽  
David W. Dowdy
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Critical Policy ◽  
Transmission Models

As novel diagnostics, therapies, and algorithms are developed to improve case finding, diagnosis, and clinical management of patients with TB, policymakers must make difficult decisions and choose among multiple new technologies while operating under heavy resource constrained settings. Mathematical modelling can provide helpful insight by describing the types of interventions likely to maximize impact on the population level and highlighting those gaps in our current knowledge that are most important for making such assessments. This review discusses the major contributions of TB transmission models in general, namely, the ability to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of TB. We focus particularly on those elements that are important to appropriately understand the role of TB diagnosis and treatment (i.e., what elements of better diagnosis or treatment are likely to have greatest population-level impact) and yet remain poorly understood at present. It is essential for modellers, decision-makers, and epidemiologists alike to recognize these outstanding gaps in knowledge and understand their potential influence on model projections that may guide critical policy choices (e.g., investment and scale-up decisions).

scholarly journals The role of The University Center for Social Development in the regional innovation ecosystem of social assistance.

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Valeriy Kovalevskiy ◽  
Liudmila G. Klimatckaia ◽  
Yulija Yu. Bocharova
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
University Center ◽  
State Pedagogical ◽  
The University

The stable innovation system generation is one of the Russian economic policy priorities. Universities have the role of a central hub in the regional innovation systems formation. This article presents a study of factors influencing the formation and development of the university’s innovation environment and examples of innovation activities of the Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University V.P. Astafyev (KSPU) in the regional innovation ecosystem of social assistance. The second section of the article is devoted to the exchange of experience and the results of the university becoming the center of social development in the regional innovation ecosystem of social assistance. An important aspect of this part is a positive result in several key areas: Globalization - mobility and increased competition between universities in China, South Korea, Japan, Poland, Germany, France, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and the United States; Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary - the integration of science, technology and design, teams from different faculties and universities; and Corporatization - specialized institutes of applied research, and extension of stakeholders. The final section presents the Transformation Program of the Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University at the University Center for Social Development of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for current and future operations. The program includes both initiatives and ongoing projects. Today, many successful examples prove that the Center for Social Development in the field of social assistance of the Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University plays an important role in the development of the region. Conclusion. Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University really stands on the route to the social entrepreneurship development and influx of new technologies, introduction of innovative approaches, and becomes the center of social and project competencies of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, one of the leading drivers of social development and of social assistance of the region.

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