Magnetorheological Fluid Behavior Under Constant Shear Rates and High Magnetic Fields Over Long Time Periods

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Ciocanel ◽  
Kevin Molyet ◽  
Hideki Yamamoto ◽  
Sheila L. Vieira ◽  
Nagi G. Naganathan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Fluid Behavior ◽  
Constant Shear ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Required ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This paper presents a new magnetorheological (MR) cell design along with a study of the magnetic field, shear rate, and time/shear strain influences on the properties and behavior of a MR fluid tested for long periods of time. The MR cell was designed to adapt a commercially available rheometer to measure the rheological properties of the fluid. Overall characteristics of the designed MR cell output capability are provided. Constant shear rate tests, two hours in duration, have been performed at shear rates between 0.1l∕s and 200l∕s under magnetic field intensities up to 0.4T. The rheological measurements indicated that over time the fluid’s shear stress magnitude decreases until it reaches a steady state. The time required to reach the steady state depends on both the magnetic field strength and the shear rate. The higher the field and the smaller the shear rate the shorter the time for the steady state to be reached.

MR Fluid Behavior Under Constant Shear Rates and High Magnetic Fields Over Long Time Periods

Aerospace ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Ciocanel ◽  
Kevin Molyet ◽  
Hideki Yamamoto ◽  
Sheila L. Vieira ◽  
Nagi G. Naganathan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Constant Shear ◽  
Mechanical Devices

MR fluids are smart materials that reversibly change their rheological properties in the presence of a magnetic field. Their capability to support a high range of shear stresses makes them an ideal component of many mechanical devices. However, to be suitable for applications requiring a large number of cycles, e.g. a clutch, the long term behavior of these fluids needs to be thoroughly investigated and well understood. The paper presents a new MR cell design along with a study of the shear rate, shear strain, magnetic field and time influences on the properties and behavior of a MR fluid tested for long periods of time. The MR cell is required to adapt a commercially available rheometer to measure the rheological properties of the fluid. Overall characteristics of the designed MR cell output capability are provided. Constant shear rate tests, two hours in duration, have been performed at shear rates between 0.1 and 200 l/s under magnetic field intensities up to 0.4 T. The rheological measurements indicated that the time, the shear strain and the shear rate influence the fluid’s shear stress magnitude.

scholarly journals Magnetic nulls in interacting dipolar fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Elder ◽  
Allen H. Boozer
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Magnetic Flux Tube ◽  
Electron Inertia ◽  
Characteristic Spatial Scale ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Dipolar Fields ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Magnetic Null ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The prominence of nulls in reconnection theory is due to the expected singular current density and the indeterminacy of field lines at a magnetic null. Electron inertia changes the implications of both features. Magnetic field lines are distinguishable only when their distance of closest approach exceeds a distance $\varDelta _d$ . Electron inertia ensures $\varDelta _d\gtrsim c/\omega _{pe}$ . The lines that lie within a magnetic flux tube of radius $\varDelta _d$ at the place where the field strength $B$ is strongest are fundamentally indistinguishable. If the tube, somewhere along its length, encloses a point where $B=0$ vanishes, then distinguishable lines come no closer to the null than $\approx (a^2c/\omega _{pe})^{1/3}$ , where $a$ is a characteristic spatial scale of the magnetic field. The behaviour of the magnetic field lines in the presence of nulls is studied for a dipole embedded in a spatially constant magnetic field. In addition to the implications of distinguishability, a constraint on the current density at a null is obtained, and the time required for thin current sheets to arise is derived.

scholarly journals Broadband Linear Polarization in Ap Stars

1993 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 305-309
Author(s):  
Marco Landolfi ◽  
Egidio Landi Degl’Innocenti ◽  
Maurizio Landi Degl’Innocenti ◽  
Jean-Louis Leroy ◽  
Stefano Bagnulo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Circular Polarization ◽  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Rotating Star ◽  
Ap Stars ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractBroadband linear polarization in the spectra of Ap stars is believed to be due to differential saturation between σ and π Zeeman components in spectral lines. This mechanism has been known for a long time to be the main agent of a similar phenomenon observed in sunspots. Since this phenomenon has been carefully calibrated in the solar case, it can be confidently used to deduce the magnetic field of Ap stars.Given the magnetic configuration of a rotating star, it is possible to deduce the broadband polarization at any phase. Calculations performed for the oblique dipole model show that the resulting polarization diagrams are very sensitive to the values of i (the angle between the rotation axis and the line of sight) and β (the angle between the rotation and magnetic axes). The dependence on i and β is such that the four-fold ambiguity typical of the circular polarization observations ((i,β), (β,i), (π-i,π-β), (π-β,π-i)) can be removed.

scholarly journals Mapping of steady-state electric fields and convective drifts in geomagnetic fields – Part 1: Elementary models

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Walker ◽  
G. J. Sofko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Magnetic Field Line ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Field Models ◽  
Spatial Derivatives ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. When studying magnetospheric convection, it is often necessary to map the steady-state electric field, measured at some point on a magnetic field line, to a magnetically conjugate point in the other hemisphere, or the equatorial plane, or at the position of a satellite. Such mapping is relatively easy in a dipole field although the appropriate formulae are not easily accessible. They are derived and reviewed here with some examples. It is not possible to derive such formulae in more realistic geomagnetic field models. A new method is described in this paper for accurate mapping of electric fields along field lines, which can be used for any field model in which the magnetic field and its spatial derivatives can be computed. From the spatial derivatives of the magnetic field three first order differential equations are derived for the components of the normalized element of separation of two closely spaced field lines. These can be integrated along with the magnetic field tracing equations and Faraday's law used to obtain the electric field as a function of distance measured along the magnetic field line. The method is tested in a simple model consisting of a dipole field plus a magnetotail model. The method is shown to be accurate, convenient, and suitable for use with more realistic geomagnetic field models.

scholarly journals Principal Component Gradiometer technique for removal of spacecraft-generated disturbances from magnetic field data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Dragoş Constantinescu ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Auster ◽  
Magda Delva ◽  
Olaf Hillenmaier ◽  
Werner Magnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Magnetic Field Data ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Sensor Configuration ◽  
Time Required ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. In situ measurement of the magnetic field using space borne instruments requires either a magnetically clean platform and/or a very long boom for accommodating magnetometer sensors at a large distance from the spacecraft body. This significantly drives up the costs and time required to build a spacecraft. Here we present an alternative sensor configuration and an algorithm allowing for ulterior removal of the spacecraft generated disturbances from the magnetic field measurements, thus lessening the need for a magnetic cleanliness program and allowing for shorter boom length. The proposed algorithm is applied to the Service Oriented Spacecraft Magnetometer (SOSMAG) onboard the Korean geostationary satellite GeoKompsat-2A (GK2A) which uses for the first time a multi-sensor configuration for onboard data cleaning. The successful elimination of disturbances originating from several sources validates the proposed cleaning technique.

scholarly journals Deformation of a magnetic liquid drop in an applied non-stationary uniform magnetic field

2018 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 09006
Author(s):  
Alexander Tyatyushkin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Liquid Drop ◽  
Magnetic Liquid ◽  
Stationary Approximation ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Small steady-state deformational oscillations of a drop of magnetic liquid in a nonstationary uniform magnetic field are theoretically investigated. The drop is suspended in another magnetic liquid immiscible with the former. The Reynolds number is so small that the inertia can be neglected. The variation of the magnetic field is so slow that the quasi-stationary approximation for the magnetic field and the quasi-steady approximation for the flow may be used.

scholarly journals Alinement of Solid Interstellar Particles by a Magnetic Field

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Lyman Spitzer ◽  
R. V. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Interstellar Space ◽  
Interstellar Grains ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Satisfactory State ◽  
The Magnetic Field

For a Long Time the Davis-Greenstein Theory (ref. 1) has been generally considered an adequate explanation of the mechanism responsible for the alinement of interstellar grains and thus for the observed interstellar polarization. The magnetic field required to orient paramagnetic grains is apparently somewhat greater than 10-5 gauss, a relatively large field, but according to reference 2 ferromagnetic grains, proposed by the authors of reference 3, can be oriented by a field of only 10-7 gauss. These results indicate that orientation of interstellar grains is easily explained, even if the magnetic field in interstellar space is relatively weak.Unfortunately, this relatively satisfactory state of affairs has been upset by two developments. Firstly, the basic mechanism of magnetic relaxation proposed by Davis and Greenstein has been questioned by Dr. C. Kittel of the University of California, who has pointed out that the disorienting effect associated with thermal fluctuations of magnetization within the solid particles is ignored in the formulation of this mechanism.

Rayleigh–Bénard convection and pattern formation in magnetohydrodynamics

1998 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENU BAJAJ ◽  
S. K. MALIK
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Thermal Instability ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Electrically Conducting Fluid ◽  
Steady State Bifurcation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rayleigh Benard Convection ◽  
Rayleigh Benard ◽  
The Magnetic Field

A nonlinear thermal instability in a layer of electrically conducting fluid in the presence of a magnetic field is discussed. Steady-state bifurcation results in the formation of patterns: rolls, squares and hexagons. The stability of various patterns is also investigated. It is found that in the absence of a magnetic field only rolls are stable, but when the magnetic field strength exceeds a certain finite value, squares and hexagons also become stable.

Rheology and Behavior of Magnetic Fluids in Alternating/Rotating Magnetic Fields

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rinaldi ◽  
Xiaowei He ◽  
Adam Rosenthal ◽  
Thomas Franklin ◽  
Cory Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Fluids ◽  
Rotating Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Field Rotation ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Field Rotation ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Cylindrical Test

The rheology and behavior of magnetic fluids in the presence of time-varying magnetic fields is illustrated through three sets of experiments. The first involves measurements of ferrofluid torque on a cylindrical spindle under applied uniform rotating magnetic fields. We measure the torque required to restrain a stationary cylindrical test wall in contact with aqueous ferrofluids subjected to the rotating uniform magnetic field generated by a three-phase AC 2-pole motor stator winding. The torque is found to scale linearly with volume, and to be a function of the applied magnetic field amplitude, frequency and direction of rotation. Measurements show that for ferrofluid entirely inside the cylindrical test wall the torque points in the same direction as the magnetic field rotation pseudovector, whereas for ferrofluid entirely outside the cylindrical wall the torque points in the direction opposite to the field rotation pseudovector. The second set of experiments explores the formation of ordered ferrofluid structures in the gap of a Hele-Shaw cell subjected to simultaneous vertical DC and in-plane horizontal rotating magnetic fields. Finally, the third set of experiments illustrates the effect of applied DC fields on the shape of ferrofluid jets and sheets.

scholarly journals Asymptotic Methods in the Nonlinear Mean-field Dynamo

1991 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
D.D. Sokoloff ◽  
A. Shukurov ◽  
A.A. Ruzmaikin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Asymptotic Methods ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Coriolis Forces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Mean Field Dynamo

AbstractWe discuss the methods and results of analysis of nonlinear mean-field dynamo models based on α-quenching in two asymptotic regimes, namely for weakly and highly supercritical excitation. In the former case the spatial distribution of the steady-state magnetic field is close to that given by the neutrally stable eigenfunction of the corresponding kinematic dynamo. In the latter case the magnetic field distribution within the main part of the dynamo volume is presumably determined by the balance between the Lorentz and Coriolis forces while near the boundaries boundary layers arise in which the field adjusts itself to the boundary conditions. The asymptotic behaviour of the highly supercritical αω-dynamos is sensitive to the particular form of dependence of the mean helicity on magnetic field while α2-dynamos are less sensitive to this dependence.

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